TITLE Propulsion Systems and Aerodynamics MODULE CODE 55-6894 LEVEL 6 CREDITS 20 DEPARTMENT Engineering and Mathematics SUBJECT GROUP Industrial Collaborative Engineering MODULE LEADER Dr. Xinjun Cui DATE OF APPROVAL November 2015 MODULE AIM This module is designed to provide students with the necessary skills to critically analyse and interpret the fundamental principles of aerodynamics and propulsion systems, which are integral to modern aerospace analysis and design. Emphasis is focused on developing both analytical and physical understanding of the complex flow and thermofluid dynamics phenomena involved in modern aerospace applications. The module therefore builds on the level 4 Aerodynamics Principles and level 5 Thermo-Fluid Dynamics modules and assumes competence in engineering mathematics and fundamental engineering principles expected of a level 6 student. MODULE LEARNING OUTCOMES LO Learning Outcome 1 Understand the fundamentals of theoretical and applied aspects in modern aerodynamics, with focuses on Prandtl lifting line, infinite and finite wing theories, shock wave, boundary layer and interaction etc., hence be able to make appropriate analysis, assessment and decision in aerospace and aircraft design practices. 2 Understand the fundamental principles and concepts of gas turbine and rocket propulsion systems, and hence be able to extend to the analysis, performance assessment and design in jet engines, Ramjets, Scramjets, rockets and other systems. 3 Appreciate the internal connection between aerodynamics and propulsion systems, and raise a wider awareness of the overall role of these two disciplines in modern aeronautical and astronautical applications. INDICATIVE CONTENT Semester 1 Engineering Aerodynamics Introduction Overview of fundamental concepts and equations and concepts: forces and moments, coefficients, compressibility, irrationality, vorticity, circulation, vortex flow, stream function; Euler equations, Navier-Stokes flow equations, Bernoulli's equation etc. Infinite and Finite Wing Theories Incompressible flow over airfoils, Prandtl s lifting line theory, wing theory and applications, airplane lift & drag, efficiency, Oswald factor. Shock Wave Theory
Governing equations for inviscid compressible flow, compressibility, normal/oblique/detached shock wave, shock relations and interactions, Prandtl-Meyer expansion waves, applications of internal and external flows Introduction to other topics Transonic flight: challenges, shock-boundary layer interaction, area rule, supercritical airfoil, theoretical/numerical approaches, perturbation, potential theories and applications Boundary layer flows: reduction of Navier-Stokes to boundary layer (parabolic) equations and solution. Blasius flow and the transformation of boundary layer equations for plates, cones, spheres etc. Low and High Reynolds number cases. Effect of compressible flow and the Mach number. Computational simulation: a brief overview to the modern CFD methods (applications and limitations), some typical cases studies and practices using Fluent. Semester 2 Propulsion Systems Introduction Fundamental equations, basic thermo relations and principles, total properties, nozzles, T-S diagrams, examples of applications Propulsion Performance Parameters: Thrust, Effective velocity, Efficiency, Power, x-function Gas Turbine Engines Physical principles of gas turbines, turbojet/turbofan engine, engine cycle performance, component performance and analysis, fixed/con-di nozzles, afterburner, Aerodynamic aspects, case studies of engine performance assessment Rocket Propulsion Overview of chemical rocket propulsion, fundamental aspects of rocket performance assessment and design, thrust, specific impulse, expansion ratio, efficiency, fuel selection, combustor mixing and nozzle design, solid/ liquid/hybrid rockets. Conceptual rocket design practice and numerical implementation, propellants, nozzles, motor casing, geometries, performance. Ramjet and Scramjet Conventional ramjet engines, Turbo-ramjet engines, efficiency and loss, shock systems, case studies of Ramjet performance assessment. Scramjet engine and component design, thermally choking, intake, applications of Ramjet and Scramjet engines. Introduction to other propulsions Introduction to space exploration and propulsion systems. Examples of electromagnetic, nuclear, electrical propulsions. Mission of space exploration, space power generation. LEARNING, TEACHING AND ASSESSMENT STRATEGY AND METHODS The course will be delivered using a mixture of formal lectures, tutorial and laboratory work (including computing simulations). Portable document format presentations will be made and supported by the Blackboard VLE. The assimilation of taught material will be aided by the working of problems and case studies in supervised tutorials and in the student's own time. This will allow the students to gain the ability to contextualize the models used to solve real problems.
Task No.* ASSESSMENT DESCRIPTION Coursework- will consist of 2 subtasks, the first in aerodynamic analysis/design/experiment and the second in propulsion analysis/design/experiment. The assessments will each carry 25% and one will be released each semester. In aerodynamics students will be assessed on analytical and experimental (wind-tunnel) studies of aerodynamic flow around airfoils or other objects, supported by numerical calculations and simulations. The topics may be based on the lifting line theory, forces and coefficients calculations, boundary layer flows, or supersonic/hypersonic applications. In propulsions they will be assessed on a variety of calculations in jet engine propulsion, chemical rocket propulsion and electromagnetic propulsion, with components of gas turbine engine test and performance assessment, as well as the research work related to broader aerospace propulsion systems. Examination - a 3 hour closed book exam at the end of the entire module covering both propulsion and aerodynamics materials. Students will be expected to answer 3 questions, at least One in aerodynamics and One in propulsion systems, from a total choice of 5 questions. The questions will include calculations, assessment, discussion and also some derivations in practical problems arising from aerospace applications with aerodynamics and propulsion focuses. The questions will also cover some fundamental aspects in these disciplines. ASSESSMENT PATTERN - TASK INFORMATION (STANDARD ASSESSMENT MODEL) Description of Assessment Task Task Weighting % Word Count or Exam Duration** Sub-tasks Y/N + IMR^ Y/N 1 course work 50 3000 Y N N 2 exam 50 3hrs N N Y ANY ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS FOR THIS MODULE Students will need to have studied Aerodynamics Principles (55-4871) and Aerospace Thermo Fluids ( 55-5521) or equivalent. FEEDBACK TO STUDENTS Students will receive feedback on their performance in the following ways Feedback will be given during tutorial/seminar sessions where the students will have the opportunity to work through example problems, ask questions and will be encouraged to reflect on their experience. Feedback on assignments will be given in written format normally within 3 weeks of an assignment being submitted. Final Task Y/N LEARNING RESOURCES FOR THIS MODULE (INCLUDING READING LISTS)
Lecture and tutorial notes will be available on the university's virtual learning environment system (Blackboard). Students should also take their own notes in lectures and tutorials and are encouraged to develop their understanding of the subject by reading recommended texts that will be available from the University library. Reading list (Aerodynamics) ABBOTT, I. H., and VON DOENHOFF, A. E. (1959). Theory of wing sections, including a summary of airfoil data. Courier Corporation. New York: Dover. Print-ISBN: 9783540662709 ANDERSON, JD. (2011). Fundamentals of aerodynamics. 5th Ed. McGraw-Hill. Print-ISBN: 9780071289085. ANDERSON, JD. (2004). Modern compressible flow. 3 rd Ed. McGraw-Hill. Print- ISBN: 9780071121613 BERTIN, JJ., CUMMINGS, R.M. and Reddy, P.V. (2013). Aerodynamics for Engineers. 6th Ed. Pearson. E-Book-ISBN: ISBN: 9780273793274 Print-ISBN: 9780132355216 FLANDRO, G. A., MCMAHON, H. M., and ROACH, R. L (2012). Basic aerodynamics: Incompressible Flow. Cambridge University Press. E-Book-ISBN: 9780521805827 HOUGHTON, E. L., CARPENTER, P. W., COLLICOTT, S., and VALENTINE, D. (2013). Aerodynamics for engineering students. 6th Ed. Butterworth-Heinemann. E-Book-ISBN: 0080966330;ISBN: 9780080966335,Print-ISBN: 9780080966328 OBERT. E. (2009) Aerodynamic design of transport aircraft. Amsterdam: Ios Press. Print-ISBN: 9781586039707 SCHLICHTING, H. (2000). Boundary-layer Theory. 8th Ed. McGraw-Hill. Print-ISBN: 9783540662709. Reading list (Propulsion) CUMPSTY, N. (2013). Jet Propulsion. 2nd Ed. Cambridge University Press. Print-ISBN: 9780521541442 JAHN, R. G. (2012). Physics of electric propulsion. Courier Corporation. Pint-ISBN: 9780486450407 HILL, P. and PETERSON, C. (2010). Mechanics and Thermodynamics of Propulsion. 2nd Ed. Pearson. Print-ISBN: 9780132465489 MATTINGLY, JD. (2006). Elements of propulsion: gas turbines and rockets. AIAA.Print-ISBN: 1563477793; ISBN: 9781563477799 TURNS, SR. (2012). An Introduction to Combustion: concepts and applications. 3rd Ed. MacGraw-Hill. Print-ISBN: 9780071086875 SHEPHERD, DG. (1972). Aerospace Propulsion. Elsevier. Print-ISBN: 9780444001269
SARAVANMUTTOO, HIH. (2009) Gas turbine theory. 6th Ed. Pearson Prentice Hall. Print-ISBN: 9780132224376 WARD, TA. (2010). Aerospace Propulsion Systems. Wiley. Print-ISBN: 9780470824979 MODULE STUDY HOURS (KEY INFORMATION SET) Module Study Hours - Breakdown of Hours by Type Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activity type* Hours by type KIS category Lecture 24hrs Scheduled L&T Seminar 20hrs Scheduled L&T Practical classes and workshops 4 hrs Scheduled L&T Scheduled Learning and Teaching Activities sub-total 48 Guided Independent Study 152 Independent Total Number of Study Hours (based on 10 hours per credit) 200