Name Period Chapter 12 &13 Study Guide Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. When are tides highest? a. during the moon s first quarter phase b. when the sun, Earth, and the moon are nearly in a line c. during the moon s third quarter phase d. when the moon is at a right angle to the sun 2. Tides are caused mainly by a. Earth s rotation on its axis, which causes water to move. b. differences in how much the sun pulls on different parts of Earth. c. strong winds blowing water onto coasts. d. differences in how much the moon pulls on different parts of Earth. 3. When do neap tides occur? a. at new moon b. when the sun s pull is in the same direction as the moon s c. when the sun s pull is at right angles to the moon s d. at full moon 4. Galileo saw that much of the moon s surface is covered with round pits called a. maria. b. seas. c. craters. d. highlands. 5. The temperature of the moon s surface varies greatly from day to night because the moon has a. maria. b. no atmosphere. c. many craters. d. highlands. 6. Earth s rotation takes about a. 365 days. b. 1 month. c. 24 hours. d. 6 months. 7. Day and night are caused by a. the tilt of Earth s axis. b. Earth s revolution around the sun. c. eclipses. d. Earth s rotation on its axis. 8. One complete revolution of Earth around the sun takes about a. one season. b. one rotation. c. one year. d. one eclipse.
9. Earth has seasons because a. it rotates on its axis. b. the temperature of the sun changes. c. its axis is tilted as it moves around the sun. d. the distance between Earth and the sun changes. 10. When the north end of Earth s axis is tilted toward the sun, North America will experience a. more indirect rays and shorter days. b. More direct rays and longer days. c. more direct rays and shorter days. d. more indirect rays and longer days. 11. In the Southern Hemisphere, the summer solstice occurs when the sun is a. at the equator. b. closest to Earth. c. farthest north. d. farthest south. 12. An equinox occurs when a. Earth s axis is parallel to the sun s rays. b. the north end of Earth s axis is tilted away from the sun. c. the north end of Earth s axis is tilted toward the sun. d. neither end of Earth s axis is tilted toward or away from the sun. 13. All objects are attracted to each other by the force of a. weight. b. gravity. c. inertia. d. mass. 14. The two factors that combine to keep Earth and the moon in their orbits are a. gravity and inertia. b. orbital speed and mass. c. mass and inertia. d. gravity and orbital speed. 15. The tendency of a moving object to continue moving in a straight line or a stationary object to remain in place is called a. inertia. b. mass. c. orbital speed. d. gravity. 16. The phase of the moon you see depends on a. where you are on Earth s surface. b. whether or not an eclipse is occurring. c. how much of the moon s surface is lit by the sun. d. how much of the sunlit side of the moon faces Earth. 17. For a solar eclipse to occur, a. the sun must be directly between Earth and the moon. b. the moon must be directly between Earth and the sun. c. the moon must be directly behind Earth. d. Earth must be directly between the sun and the moon.
18. During what phase of the moon can a lunar eclipse occur? a. new moon b. first quarter c. full moon d. waxing gibbous 19. Because the moon rotates once for each revolution around Earth, a. you see some phases more than others. b. a different side of the moon faces Earth each day. c. you never see the far side of the moon from Earth. d. the far side of the moon is visible only during the full moon phase. 20. The amount of the lighted side of the moon you can see is the same during a. first quarter and third quarter phase. b. new moon and first quarter phase. c. new moon and full moon phase. d. full moon and third quarter phase. 21. The amount of matter in an object is called the a. mass. b. weight. c. gravity. d. inertia. 22. Satellites in geosynchronous orbit a. revolve around Earth faster than Earth rotates. b. vary considerably in their distance from Earth. c. stay above the same point on Earth. d. orbit from the North pole to the South pole. 23. One of the main uses of satellites is a. observing Earth s surface. b. controlling the weather. c. launching deep-space expeditions. d. preventing ozone depletion. Modified True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 24. The phases of the moon depend on how much of the lighted side of the moon can be seen from Earth. 25. Newton s law of universal gravitation states that every object in the universe attracts every other object. 26. When you are riding in a car and it stops suddenly, gravity causes you to keep moving forward. 27. On the moon, your mass would be about one sixth its normal value on Earth. 28. The south end of Earth's axis is tilted toward the sun on the December equinox. 29. A tide with the greatest difference between low and high tides is called a neap tide. 30. Scientists theorize that the moon formed after a planet-sized object collided with the sun. 31. Day and night are caused by Earth s revolution on its axis.
Completion Complete each statement. 32. Tides are caused by the force of from the sun and moon acting on Earth. A. mass B. gravity C. inertia D. none of the above 33. The darkest part of the moon s shadow is called the. A. penumbra B. umbra C. none of the above 34. Earth rotates on its axis about once every hours. A. 48 B. 72 C. 24 35. The force that pulls the moon toward Earth is called. A. inertia B. force C. gravity D. none of the above 36. The tendency for an object in motion to remain in motion is called. A. inertia B. gravity C. force 37. Newton's says that an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion with a constant speed and direction unless acted on by an unbalanced force. A. first law of motion B. second law of motion C. third law of motion 38. A tide with the least distance between low and high tides is called a(n) tide. A. spring B. neap 39. The round pits on the moon are called. A. pits B. maria C. craters holes 40. Galileo called the dark, flat parts of the moon because they looked like seas. A. craters B. maria C. pits D. holes 41. The times when day and night are of equal length are called. A. equinoxes B. solstices C. none of the above 42. The moon can be seen from Earth because reflects off the moon s surface. A. moonlight B. sunlight C. earthlight 43. Earth is farthest from the sun during the season in the Northern Hemisphere. A. summer B. winter C. spring D. fall 44. The craters that mark the moon's surface were caused by. A. meteoroids B. asteroids C. comets 45. The moon has no atmosphere because of its relatively weak. A. gravity B. size C. color D. none of the above 46. A solar eclipse can only occur during the phase. A. new moon B. quarter moon C. crescent moon D. full moon
Short Answer Use the diagram to answer each question. 47. Approximately how much time passes between H and B? A. 1 week B. 2 weeks C. 3 weeks D. 4 weeks 48. Which two phases are gibbous moons? A. F and G B. C and E C. A and D 49. What are the phases shown in A and D called? A. crescent moons B. full moons C. quarter moons D. gibbous moons 50. Where is the moon in relation to Earth and the sun during phase B? A. The moon is on the opposite side of Earth from the sun. B. The moon is in between the Earth and the sun..