Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers
Straight from Wikipedia The three types of reaction catalyzed by cellulases:1. Breakage of the non-covalent interactions present in the crystalline structure of cellulose (endo-cellulase) 2. Hydrolysis of the individual cellulose fibers to break it into smaller sugars (exo-cellulase) 3. Hydrolysis of disaccharides and tetrasaccharides into glucose (beta-glucosidase).
Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers
A fuzzy image of lignin from Wikipedia
Wood X-section (hardwood) Wood X-section (conifer)
Distribution of water and nitrogen in wood
Chemical components of wood Cellulose beta 1-4 glucan Extractives - various organics Lignin - Phenol propanoid monomers
Why the CODIT theory is all wet thanks to Rayner and Boddy
Echinodontium tinctorium Indian paint fungus a fungus that enters branch stubs and waits for years to cause heartrot
Hypoxylon an Ascomycete that decays wood and colonizes endophytically
Diagram of Hypoxylon spore germination in response to bark exudates - work by Ignatio Chapella
Access from one individual tree to another Hymenochaete corrugata - the glue or the bondage fungus
Brown rots Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only) O. balsameus (Cupressus spp.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak)? Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Heartrots on living trees White rots Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees
Phellinus pini gr. red ring rot See this on the street side of Tolman Hall
The genus Phellinus (& Inonotus) has setae, and a brown hymenium
Ganoderma a common heartrot, white rot
Brown rots Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only) O. balsameus (Cupressus spp.) Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak)? Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Saprobes on living trees White rots Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees
Zone lines in wood cause by vegetative interactions between different genotypes of decay fungi
Wood endophytes like Hypoxylon get first dibs
Trichaptum
Saprobes & pathogens that can persist as sabrobes Brown rots Oligoporus amarus (incense cedar only) Oligoporus sequoiae (coastal redwood only) O. balsameus (Cupressus spp.) on living trees White rots Phellinus pini (pines, Douglas-fir, & others) Echinodontium tinctorius (true fir and hemlock) Fomitopsis pinicola conifers Laetiporus sulphureus (wide host range, but esp. eucalyptus and oak)? Phaeolus schweinitzii resinous conifers Ganoderma applanatum (primarily hardwoods, Oak etc.) Cryptoporus volvatus ( conifers) Sterum hirsutum (hardwoods) Trichaptum abietinum (conifers) Trametes versicolor (hardwoods) Armillaria mellea gr. Heterobasidion annosum Phellinus weirii Dead trees Dead trees
edge of root disease center note progressively thinner crowns and shorter heights
Lion s tailing A crown symptom caused by lack of expansion of shoot and lower needle retention
Tree failure, a symptom of root decay Heterobasidion annosum P-strain in action at Yosemite village