Beneficial species Common name Helps to control Hazard rating METALAXYL ACEPHATE B. THURINGIENSIS BERLINER SSP. KURSTAKI AZINPHOS METHYL BIFENTHRIN CARBARYL Amblyseius nr. Predatory tetranychivorus Amblyseius andersoni Predatory Aphidius spp. Parasitic wasp Aphids Aphidoletes aphidimyza* Aphid midge/ Aphids Gall-midge Aphytis spp. Parasitoid Red scale 1 0 4 4 Apis mellifera # Honey bees - Araneidae Spiders Heliothis Bombix mori Silkworm - Bombus terrestris Bumble bee - Cales noacki Parasitoid Whitefly Campylomma liebknechti Apple dimpling Mites bug arabidae Ground Caterpillars, beetles Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Cermatulus nasalis Glossy shield bug Heliothis Chilocorus spp Ladybirds Scale, mealy bugs Coccinellidae Ladybirds Aphids, Mites, Heliothis, Scales, Mealybugs Cotesia spp. (several studies, some field, some laboratory) butterfly parasite/ Parasitic wasp Diamondback moth, butterfly, Cabbage looper 0 3 4 Cryptolaemus Lady beetle Mealybugs, montrouzieri soft scales 0 3 4 Diadegma spp. Parasitoid Diamondback moth Dicranolaius bellulus Red and blue Heliothis beetle Diglyphus begini Leafminer Leafminer,
parasite Heliothis Diglyphus isaea* Parasitic wasp Leafminer Diptera Flies Caterpillars, Aphids, Thrips, Scale Encarsia formosa Parasitic wasp whitefly 0 1 2 0 4 12 4 Entomopathogenic Nematodes Fungus gnat nematodes: Steinernema feltiae 0 0 0 0 0 0 Euseuis stipulatus Phytoseiid Mites, Citrus thrips predator Formicidae Ants Heliothis Predatory Hemiptera Various spp. Heliothis, Aphids, Apple dimpling bug, Mites, Thrips Galendromus occidentalis Predatory Harmonia axyridis Ladybird Homeopronematus anconai Predatory Tomato russet tydeid Leptomastix dactylopii Parasitic wasp Mealybug 0 4 4 Mallada signata Metaseiulus occidentalis* Microgaster spp. Microhymenoptera Green lacewing Western predatory Parasit oid wasp Various familie s Aphids, s, whitefly, scales and mealybug Two-spotted, Tomato russet Codling moth, Leafrollers Heliothis 1 0 2 2 Neuroptera Lacewings Aphids, Mites Phytoseiulus persimilis Predatory Spider s 4 0 2 12 0 Phytoseiidae Predatory Mites, Thrips 1 Podisus maculiventris* Spined soldier Caterpillars, bug Beetles Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Pteromalus butterfly
puparus pupal parasite butterfly Staphylinidae Rove Caterpillars, beetles Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Stethorus picipes Ladybird Stratiolaelaps (Hypoaspis) s Predatory Fungus gnat larvae and pupa of Western Flower Thrip 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tachinidae Parasitic wasp Heliothis, Scales Trichogramma sp. Minute wasp Heliothis 1 4 0 2 12 2 Typhlodromus occidentalis Predatory Two spotted 1 0 0 2 Verticillium lecanii Parasitic fungus Aphids Note: Predatory Hemiptera consist of Deraeocoris spp., Orius sp., Geocoris sp., Nabis sp., Reduviidae, Cermatulus spp. and Oechelia spp. * Denotes overseas studies. # Denotes laboratory studies. denotes no data available. DELFIN is a Bt insecticide and therefore is highly selective for Heliothis. Although no specific data exists, DELFIN is believed to cause very low disruption to all beneficial species. SUPRACIDE is toxic to all beneficial species, however mobile stages may re-invade treated areas within days after treatment. Hazard ratings are based on disruption to populations up to 24 hours after application: Very low disruption <10% population reduction Low disruption 10 20 % population reduction Moderate disruption 20 40% population reduction High to very high disruption >40% population reduction
Beneficial species Common name Helps to control Hazard rating CYFLUTHRIN DIMETHOATE FENTHION IMIDACLOPRID MALDISON NATURAL PYRETHRUM Aphidius spp. Parasitic wasp Aphids Aphidoletes Aphid midge/ Aphids aphidimyza* Gall-midge Aphytis spp. Parasitoid Red scale 4 4 3 2 Apis mellifera # Honey bees - Araneidae Spiders Heliothis Bombix mori Silkworm - Bombus Bumble bee - terrestris Cales noacki Parasitoid Whitefly Campylomma Apple dimpling Mites liebknechti bug Carabidae Ground beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Cermatulus nasalis Glossy shield bug Heliothis Chilocorus spp Ladybirds Scale, mealy bugs 4 4 4 1 Coccinellidae Ladybirds Aphids, Mites, Heliothis, Scales, Mealybugs Cotesia spp. (several studies, some field, some laboratory) Cryptolaemus montrouzieri butterfly parasite/ Parasitic wasp Diamondback moth, Cabbage white butterfly, Cabbage looper Lady beetle Mealybugs, soft scales Diadegma spp. Parasitoid Diamondback moth Dicranolaius Red and blue Heliothis bellulus beetle Diglyphus begini Leafminer Leafminer, parasite Heliothis Diglyphus Parasitic wasp Leafminer isaea* 4 4 4 1
Diptera Flies Caterpillars, Aphids, Thrips, Scale Encarsia formosa Parasitic wasp whitefly Entomopathoge Nematodes Fungus gnat nic nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Euseuis Phytoseiid Mites, Citrus stipulatus predator thrips Formicidae Ants Heliothis Predatory Hemiptera Various spp. Heliothis, Aphids, Apple dimpling bug, Mites, Thrips Harmonia Ladybird axyridis Homeopronema Predatory Tomato russet tus anconai tydeid Leptomastix Parasitic wasp Mealybug dactylopii Mallada signata Green lacewing Aphids, s, whitefly, scales and mealybug Metaseiulus Western Two-spotted occidentalis* predatory, Tomato russet Microgaster Parasitoid wasp Codling moth, spp. Leafrollers Microhymenopt Various families Heliothis era Neuroptera Lacewings Aphids, Mites Neoseiulus fallacis Phytoseiulus Predatory Spider s persimilis Phytoseiidae Predatory Mites, Thrips Podisus Spined soldier Caterpillars, maculiventris* bug Beetles Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Pteromalus 12 8 4 2 8 1 0 0 4 4 3 3 2 2 4 1 1 12 8 3 0 2 1
puparus butterfly pupal butterfly parasite Staphylinidae Rove beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Stratiolaelaps (Hypoaspis) s Predatory Fungus gnat larvae and pupa of Western Flower Thrip Stethorus Ladybird picipes Tachinidae Parasitic wasp Heliothis, Scales Trichogramma Minute wasp Heliothis sp. Typhlodromus Predatory Two spotted occidentalis Verticillium Parasitic fungus Aphids lecanii 0 0 2 0 12 2 2 2 1 1 1 3 0 0 1 Note: Predatory Hemiptera consist of Deraeocoris spp., Orius sp., Geocoris sp., Nabis sp., Reduviidae, Cermatulus spp. and Oechelia spp. * Denotes overseas studies. # Denotes laboratory studies. denotes no data available. DELFIN is a Bt insecticide and therefore is highly selective for Heliothis. Although no specific data exists, DELFIN is believed to cause very low disruption to all beneficial species. SUPRACIDE is toxic to all beneficial species, however mobile stages may re-invade treated areas within days after treatment. Hazard ratings are based on disruption to populations up to 24 hours after application: Very low disruption <10% population reduction Low disruption 10 20 % population reduction Moderate disruption 20 40% population reduction High to very high disruption >40% population reduction
Beneficial species Common name Helps to control SOAP SPRAYS SPRAY OILS SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS Hazard rating TAU- FLUVALINATE CLOFENTEZIN E DICOFOL Aphidius spp. Parasitic wasp Aphids Aphidoletes Aphid midge/ Aphids aphidimyza* Gall-midge Aphytis spp. Parasitoid Red scale 1 1 4 1 Apis mellifera # Honey bees - Araneidae Spiders Heliothis Bombix mori Silkworm - Bombus terrestris Bumble bee - Cales noacki Parasitoid Whitefly Campylomma Apple dimpling Mites liebknechti bug Carabidae Ground beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Cermatulus Glossy shield Heliothis nasalis bug Chilocorus spp Ladybirds Scale, mealy bugs Coccinellidae Ladybirds Aphids, Mites, Heliothis, Scales, Mealybugs Cotesia spp. (several studies, some field, some laboratory) butterfly parasite/ Parasitic wasp Diamondback moth, butterfly, Cabbage looper Cryptolaemus montrouzieri Lady beetle Mealybugs, soft scales Diadegma spp. Parasitoid Diamondback moth Dicranolaius Red and blue Heliothis bellulus beetle Diglyphus begini Leafminer Leafminer, parasite Heliothis Diglyphus isaea* Parasitic wasp Leafminer 0 0 4 1 1 0 0 4 1 2
Diptera Flies Caterpillars, Aphids, Thrips, Scale Encarsia formosa Parasitic wasp whitefly 1 1 4 1 2 Entomopathogeni c nematodes: Steinernema Nematodes Fungus gnat feltiae Euseuis stipulatus Phytoseiid predator Formicidae Ants Heliothis Predatory Various spp. Hemiptera Mites, Citrus thrips Heliothis, Aphids, Apple dimpling bug, Mites, Thrips Harmonia axyridis Homeopronematu s anconai Leptomastix dactylopii Mallada signata Green lacewing Aphids, s, whitefly, scales and mealybug Metaseiulus occidentalis* Predatory tydeid Tomato russet Parasitic wasp Mealybug 0 0 4 1 Western predatory Two-spotted, Tomato russet Microgaster spp. Parasitoid wasp Codling moth, Leafrollers Microhymenoptera Various families Heliothis Neuroptera Lacewings Aphids, Mites 0 0 4 1 1 Phytoseiulus Predatory Spider s 0 1 4 6 0 6 persimilis Phytoseiidae Predatory Mites, Thrips Podisus maculiventris* Spined soldier bug Caterpillars, Beetles Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Pteromalus puparus butterfly butterfly pupal parasite
Staphylinidae Rove beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Stratiolaelaps (Hypoaspis) s Predatory Fungus gnat larvae and pupa of Western Flower Thrip 0 0 0 Tachinidae Parasitic wasp Heliothis, Scales Trichogramma sp. Minute wasp Heliothis 0 0 4 6 1 1 Typhlodromus Predatory Two spotted occidentalis Verticillium lecanii Parasitic fungus Aphids 0 1 4 0 1 Note: Predatory Hemiptera consist of Deraeocoris spp., Orius sp., Geocoris sp., Nabis sp., Reduviidae, Cermatulus spp. and Oechelia spp. * Denotes overseas studies. # Denotes laboratory studies. denotes no data available. DELFIN is a Bt insecticide and therefore is highly selective for Heliothis. Although no specific data exists, DELFIN is believed to cause very low disruption to all beneficial species. SUPRACIDE is toxic to all beneficial species, however mobile stages may re-invade treated areas within days after treatment. Hazard ratings are based on disruption to populations up to 24 hours after application: Very low disruption <10% population reduction Low disruption 10 20 % population reduction Moderate disruption 20 40% population reduction High to very high disruption >40% population reduction
Beneficial species Common name Helps to control FENBUTATIN OXIDE Hazard rating PROPARGITE BENOMYL CARBEAZIM IPRODIONE MANCOZEB Aphidius spp. Parasitic wasp Aphids Aphidoletes Aphid midge/ Aphids aphidimyza* Gall-midge Aphytis spp. Parasitoid Red scale 1 1 1 1 1 Apis mellifera # Honey bees - Araneidae Spiders Heliothis Bombix mori Silkworm - Bombus terrestris Bumble bee - Cales noacki Parasitoid Whitefly Campylomma liebknechti Apple dimpling bug Mites Carabidae Ground beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Cermatulus nasalis Glossy shield bug Heliothis Chilocorus spp Ladybirds Scale, mealy 1 1 1 1 bugs Coccinellidae Ladybirds Aphids, Mites, Heliothis, Scales, Mealybugs Cotesia spp. (several studies, some field, some laboratory) butterfly parasite/ Parasitic wasp Diamondback moth, Cabbage white butterfly, Cabbage looper Cryptolaemus Lady beetle Mealybugs, 1 1 1 0 0 montrouzieri soft scales Diadegma spp. Parasitoid Diamondback moth Dicranolaius Red and blue Heliothis bellulus beetle Diglyphus begini Leafminer parasite Leafminer, Heliothis Diglyphus isaea* Parasitic wasp Leafminer
Diptera Flies Caterpillars, Aphids, Thrips, Scale Encarsia formosa Parasitic wasp whitefly 0 1 0 0 0 0 Entomopathogenic Nematodes Fungus gnat nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Euseuis stipulatus Phytoseiid predator Mites, Citrus thrips Formicidae Ants Heliothis Predatory Hemiptera Various spp. Heliothis, Aphids, Apple dimpling bug, Mites, Thrips Galendromus Predatory occidentalis Harmonia axyridis Ladybird Homeopronematus anconai Predatory tydeid Tomato russet Leptomastix dactylopii Parasitic wasp Mealybug 1 1 1 1 Mallada signata Green lacewing Aphids, s, 0 1 1 1 whitefly, scales and mealybug Metaseiulus occidentalis* Western predatory Two-spotted, Tomato russet Microgaster spp. Parasitoid wasp Codling moth, Leafrollers Microhymenoptera Various families Heliothis Neuroptera Lacewings Aphids, Mites Phytoseiulus Predatory Spider s 0 1 4 1 0 0 persimilis Phytoseiidae Predatory Mites, Thrips Podisus maculiventris* Spined soldier bug Caterpillars, Beetles Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Pteromalus puparus butterfly pupal parasite Cabbage white butterfly
Staphylinidae Rove beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Stethorus picipes Ladybird Stratiolaelaps (Hypoaspis) s Predatory Fungus gnat larvae and pupa of Western Flower Thrip 0 0 0 0 0 0 Tachinidae Parasitic wasp Heliothis, Scales Trichogramma sp. Minute wasp Heliothis 0 1 1 0 1 Typhlodromus Predatory Two spotted 0 0 2 1 1 occidentalis Verticillium lecanii Parasitic fungus Aphids Note: Predatory Hemiptera consist of Deraeocoris spp., Orius sp., Geocoris sp., Nabis sp., Reduviidae, Cermatulus spp. and Oechelia spp. * Denotes overseas studies. # Denotes laboratory studies. denotes no data available. DELFIN is a Bt insecticide and therefore is highly selective for Heliothis. Although no specific data exists, DELFIN is believed to cause very low disruption to all beneficial species. SUPRACIDE is toxic to all beneficial species, however mobile stages may re-invade treated areas within days after treatment. Hazard ratings are based on disruption to populations up to 24 hours after application: Very low disruption <10% population reduction Low disruption 10 20 % population reduction Moderate disruption 20 40% population reduction High to very high disruption >40% population reduction
Beneficial species Common name Helps to control Hazard rating Amblyseius nr. Predatory tetranychivorus Amblyseius Predatory andersoni Aphidius spp. Parasitic wasp Aphids Aphidoletes Aphid midge/ Gallmidge Aphids aphidimyza* Aphytis spp. Parasitoid Red scale Apis mellifera # Honey bees - Araneidae Spiders Heliothis Bombix mori Silkworm - Bombus terrestris Bumble bee - Cales noacki Parasitoid Whitefly Campylomma Apple dimpling bug Mites liebknechti Carabidae Ground beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Cermatulus Glossy shield bug Heliothis nasalis Chilocorus spp Ladybirds Scale, mealy bugs Coccinellidae Ladybirds Aphids, Mites, Heliothis, Scales, Mealybugs Cotesia spp. butterfly parasite/ Parasitic wasp Diamondback moth, butterfly, Cabbage looper Cryptolaemus Lady beetle Mealybugs, soft scales montrouzieri Diadegma spp. Parasitoid Diamondback moth Dicranolaius Red and blue beetle Heliothis bellulus Diglyphus begini Leafminer parasite Leafminer, Heliothis Diglyphus isaea* Parasitic wasp Leafminer THIAMETHOXAM
Diptera Flies Caterpillars, Aphids, Thrips, Scale Encarsia formosa Parasitic wasp whitefly Entomopathogeni Nematodes Fungus gnat c nematodes: Steinernema feltiae Euseuis stipulatus Phytoseiid predator Mites, Citrus thrips Formicidae Ants Heliothis Predatory Hemiptera Various spp. Heliothis, Aphids, Apple dimpling bug, Mites, Thrips Galendromus Predatory occidentalis Harmonia axyridis Ladybird Homeopronemat Predatory tydeid Tomato russet us anconai Leptomastix Parasitic wasp Mealybug dactylopii Mallada signata Green lacewing Aphids, s, whitefly, scales and mealybug Metaseiulus occidentalis* Western predatory Two-spotted, Tomato russet Microgaster spp. Parasitoid wasp Codling moth, Leafrollers Microhymenopter Various families Heliothis a Neuroptera Lacewings Aphids, Mites Neoseiulus fallacis Phytoseiulus Predatory Spider s persimilis Phytoseiidae Predatory Mites, Thrips Podisus Spined soldier bug Caterpillars, Beetles maculiventris* Poecilus cupreus Ground beetle Pteromalus puparus butterfly pupal parasite butterfly
Staphylinidae Rove beetles Caterpillars, Cutworms, Snails, Slugs Stratiolaelaps (Hypoaspis) s Predatory Fungus gnat larvae and pupa of Western Flower Thrip Stethorus picipes Ladybird Tachinidae Parasitic wasp Heliothis, Scales Trichogramma sp. Minute wasp Heliothis Typhlodromus Predatory Two spotted occidentalis Verticillium lecanii Parasitic fungus Aphids Note: Predatory Hemiptera consist of Deraeocoris spp., Orius sp., Geocoris sp., Nabis sp., Reduviidae, Cermatulus spp. and Oechelia spp. * Denotes overseas studies. # Denotes laboratory studies. denotes no data available. DELFIN is a Bt insecticide and therefore is highly selective for Heliothis. Although no specific data exists, DELFIN is believed to cause very low disruption to all beneficial species. SUPRACIDE is toxic to all beneficial species, however mobile stages may re-invade treated areas within days after treatment. Hazard ratings are based on disruption to populations up to 24 hours after application: Very low disruption <10% population reduction Low disruption 10 20 % population reduction Moderate disruption 20 40% population reduction High to very high disruption >40% population reduction References With great thanks to Dr. Stephen Goodwin, Integrated pest management in ornamentals: Information Guide, NSW Agriculture, March 2001 Ian Hendry and Martin Dargan, Syngenta Chemicals Which Pesticides Are Safe to Beneficial Insects and Mites? Dr. David G. James, Entomologist, and Jennifer L. Coyle, Research Technician, WSU