Build an Atom Simulation Part One Learning Objectives: Draw models that show atoms Use information about the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons to Identify an element and its position on the periodic table Draw models of atoms http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom or INTERNET SEARCH: phet & BUILD AN ATOM SIMULATION Procedure: Name: Date: Hour:_ Explore the Build an Atom simulation (about 5 minutes). As you explore, think about what you find. 1. What observations did you make: Using Build an Atom, think as you play with the parts of atoms to find: 2. What parts go in the center of the atom? _ You can call the center of the atom, the nucleus. Most atoms in our environment have a stable nucleus. Experiment with the simulation, and write down FOUR examples of atoms that have a stable nucleus, and fill in the chart below for each of your creations. in Your Nucleus: Sketch Your Nucleus (be sure to make a key) Which element is it? (Name & Symbol) 3. Total: 4. Total: 4. Total: 5. Total: 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 1
Everything around us is made up of different elements. The air has Oxygen (O) and Nitrogen (N). Plants and people have lots of Carbon (C). Helium (He) is in balloons. Hydrogen (H) is in water. Experiment with the simulation until you discover which particle (or particles) determines the name of the element you build. 6. Which particle (or particles) determine the name of the element? (answer using a complete sentence) Test your idea, from #6, by identifying the element for the following 3 cases. Which is the Element? Which Determines the Element? Circle the Element on the Periodic Table 7. 8. 9. 10. 7 7 7 7 6 7 6 7 7 7 7 6 Proton Neutron Electron Proton Neutron Electron Proton Neutron Electron Proton Neutron Electron Analysis Questions: (These can be answered with or without the simulation) 11. You have an atom that has the following components: 3 protons, 4 neutrons, 3 electrons P N E (use above symbols for your particles) Draw a sketch of how you would build your atom to the right : 12. Based on your picture, circle which element this atom is on this periodic table below: 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 2
13. Based on your picture, the mass number of this atom is: (circle your choice) a. 3 = mass number Explain what ideas you used to choose an answer: b. 4 = mass number c. 6 = mass number d. 7 = mass number e. 11 = mass number Let s say, you want to change your atom s properties without changing the element itself. Using the simulation, mark YES if a change will work, and mark NO if it will not work. NOTE: Hydrogen, Helium, Lithium, Beryllium, Boron, Carbon are all different elements. 14. If you want to change the element your atom is, you can either: (circle Yes / No choices) Add a proton or Add a neutron or Add an electron 15. If you want to change the charge of your atom, you can either: (circle Yes / No choices) Add a proton or Add a neutron or Add an electron 16. If you want to change the mass of your atom, you can either: (circle Yes / No choices) Add a proton or Add a neutron or Add an electron 17. If you want to change the atomic number of your atom, you can either: (circle Yes / No choices) Add a proton or Add a neutron or Add an electron 18. Using 30 words (or super close to 30), summarize how this lab relates to what we are learning in class. 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 3
Name: Date: Hour:_ Build an Atom Simulation Part Two http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom INTERNET SEARCH: phet & BUILD AN ATOM SIMULATION Essential Goals: Using the symbol, atomic number, and mass number of selected elements, determine the element s name, number of protons, and neutrons List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given isotope. In the previous Build an Atom assignment, we learned that it is the number of PROTONS that determines what element that particular atom is. This time around, we are going to explore the question, How does the number of neutrons change an atom? To investigate how the number of neutrons affects an atom, use the simulation to complete the table below: What is the Element? Sketch Your Atom (Use Different Colors for Each Part of the Atom) What s the Mass Number? Identify Your Isotope (use Element-Mass# format) 1. 2. 1 0 1 1 1 1 3. 1 2 1 4. How are the isotopes of hydrogen similar with one another? (remember, complete sentences please) 5. How are the isotopes of hydrogen different from each another? 6. Each one of the hydrogen isotopes that you created are considered neutral atoms. In your own words, describe a neutral atom. 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 4
7. Fill in the blank spaces in the table below. Then, use the information in the table to answer the following three questions Atom Atomic Number Mass Number Number of Neutrons A 7 14 B 10 9 C 13 14 D 15 8 E 10 4 8. Which two atoms in the table are isotopes of the same element? Explain your answer using data from the table. 9. How many electrons does atom D contain? Explain your answer using the data from your table. 10. Identify the type of element for each of the atoms from the table above: Atom A is Symbol: Atom B is Symbol: Atom C is Symbol: Atom D is Symbol: Atom E is Symbol: 11. In the space below, design a neutral, atom with a mass of 8: Charge: Stable Nucleus: Yes No Properties Element Name: Element Symbol: Mass Number (Show All Work): _ Name: 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 5
Date: Hour:_ Build an Atom Simulation Part Three http://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/build-an-atom INTERNET SEARCH: phet & BUILD AN ATOM SIMULATION Essential Goals: Using the symbol, atomic number, and mass number of selected elements, determine the element s name, number of protons, and neutrons List the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons for any given ion. In the previous Build an Atom assignment, we learned that it is the number of PROTONS that determine the type of element that an atom is. This final time around, we are going to explore the question, How does the number of electrons change an atom? Try different combinations of the 3 types of subatomic particles until you discover what affects the charge of your atom or ion. 1. What is a rule for making a neutral atom (an atom with no overall charge)? 2. What is a rule for making a (+) ion (positive ion, one with extra positive charge)? 3. What is a rule for making a ( ) ion (negative ion, one with extra negative charge)? 4. Show a neutral atom, a positive ion, and a negative ion. (These examples should be consistent with the rules you discovered.) Be sure all of your examples also have a stable nucleus. Number of? Sketch Your Atom (Use Different Colors for Each Part of the Atom) What is the Charge? Neutral Atom (+) Ion ( ) Ion 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 6
5. Make changes in the simulation until you discover what affects the mass of your atom or ion. Remember that the mass number is related to the mass (not the same as, but similar to it). If there is no significant change in the mass when a type of particle is added/removed, the mass number will remain unchanged. That particle type could then be considered to be light. a.) Which particles are heavy and which particles are light? b.) What is a rule for determining the mass? 6. Using all of your rules, figure out what changes with the atom or ion for each of these actions. You are now putting your ideas to the test with the simulation. If you have new ideas, simply modify your rules. For this section below, start with 2 Protons, 2 Neutrons, & 2 Electrons each time. Action Adding a Proton Item Changing Element Charge Mass How Does Each Item Change? Action Removing a Neutron Item Changing Element Charge Mass How Does Each Item Change? Action Removing an Electron Item Changing Element Charge Mass How Does Each Item Change? Action Adding an Electron Item Changing Element Charge Mass How Does Each Item Change? 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 7
7. Challenges! Design & sketch (with key) a positive ion with a charge of +2: Properties Element: Mass: Charge: Stable Nucleus: Yes No Design & sketch (with key) a positive ion with a charge of +3: Properties Element: Mass: Charge: Stable Nucleus: Yes No Design & sketch (with key) a stable positive ion with a charge of +7: Properties Element: Mass: Charge: Stable Nucleus: Yes No 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 8
Remember, we always respond to questions with thorough, complete sentences 8. Which subatomic particle determines the type/name of an atom? 9. How many protons are required to make an atom of Nitrogen? 10. What is the atomic number of Nitrogen? 11. What must happen for the nucleus of the Nitrogen atom to become stable? Do it! 12. Make the Nitrogen atom neutral. What did you need to do? 13. If an atom has less electrons than protons, what is it called? 14. If an atom has more electrons than protons, what is it called? 15. What does the mass number indicate? 16. Complete the table below by experimenting with the simulation to make stable nuclei: Number of protons Atomic number Name of atom/ element Symbol Number of neutrons required to make nucleus stable Mass number Number of electrons required to make atom neutral 1 Lithium Ne 1 F 6 9 17. Spend some time on the game section of this activity. Be sure to try the hardest level! Question source for this page: coopsstuff.wikispaces.com/file/view/build+an+atom.doc 3/11/2016 Moore and Paul rev.- M.Okroy & P.Halicki http://phet.colorado.edu Page 9