Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Validated Report 1 st July 2016 31 st July 2016 Report No.: DAT10991 Report issue date: 25 th August 2016 Maintenance contract: MC1100, MC1101 ECOTECH PTY LTD. ABN: 32005752081 1492 Ferntree Gully Rd, Knoxfield VIC. 3180. AUSTRALIA Tel No: 1300 364 946 Fax No: 1300 668 763 Email ecotech@ecotech.com WEB www.ecotech.com This document shall not be reproduced except for in full, without the written approval of Ecotech Pty Ltd.
Customer Details Customer Contact name Email Sebastien Moreno Sebastien.Moreno@glencore.com.au Phone (08) 8975 8137 Revision History Revision Report ID Date Analyst 0 DAT10991 25/08/2016 Caroline Knight Report by: Caroline Knight Approved Signatory: Jon Alexander Page 2 of 31
Table of Contents Customer Details... 2 Revision History... 2 Table of Contents... 3 List of Figures... 4 List of Tables... 4 Executive Summary... 6 1.0 Introduction... 7 2.0 Monitoring and Data Collection... 7 2.1. Siting Details... 7 2.2. Monitored Parameters... 8 2.3. Data Collection Methods... 10 2.3.1. Compliance with Standards... 11 2.3.2. Data Acquisition... 12 2.4. Data Validation and Reporting... 12 2.4.1. Validation... 12 2.4.2. Reporting... 12 3.0 Air Quality Goals... 13 4.0 Calibrations and Maintenance... 13 4.1. Units and Uncertainties... 13 4.2. Maintenance... 15 4.2.1. Calibration & Maintenance Summary Tables... 15 4.2.2. Maintenance Notes... 15 Page 3 of 31
5.0 Results... 16 5.1. Data Capture... 16 5.2. Air Quality Summary... 18 5.3. Data Summary Tables... 18 5.4 Graphic Representations... 20 6.0 Valid Data Exception Tables... 26 7.0 Report Summary... 28 Appendix 1 - Definitions & Abbreviations... 29 Appendix 2 - Explanation of Exception Table... 30 List of Figures Figure 1: MRM Monitoring Locations... 8 Figure 2: Borroloola Caravan Station SO 2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016... 20 Figure 3: Borroloola Caravan station SO 2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016... 21 Figure 4: Borroloola Caravan Station Wind Rose for July 2016... 22 Figure 5: Devils Spring SO 2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016... 23 Figure 6: Devils Spring SO 2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016... 24 Figure 7: Devils Spring Station Wind Rose July 2016... 25 List of Tables Table 1: MRM monitoring station locations... 7 Table 2: Parameters measured at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations... 9 Table 3: Data Collection Methods... 10 Page 4 of 31
Table 4: NEPM Air Quality Goals for Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations... 13 Table 5: Units and Uncertainties... 13 Table 6: MRM Borroloola Caravan Maintenance Table July 2016... 15 Table 7: MRM Devils Spring Maintenance Table July 2016... 16 Table 8: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Borroloola Caravan Station for July 2016... 17 Table 9: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Devils Spring Station for July 2016... 17 Table 10: Exceedances recorded for July 2016... 18 Table 11: SO 2 5 Minute Data Summary Table... 18 Table 12: SO 2 1 Hour Data Summary Table... 19 Table 13: SO 2 24 Hour Data Summary Table... 19 Table 14: MRM Borroloola Caravan Valid Data Exception Table... 26 Table 15: MRM Devils Spring Valid Data Exception Table... 27 Page 5 of 31
Executive Summary is one of the world s largest providers of zinc in bulk concentrate form 1. The mine is located in the Northern Territory approximately 970km south-east from Darwin and 60km south-west of Borroloola 2 Ecotech PTY LTD is providing air monitoring and data collection from two (MRM) ambient air monitoring stations at two sites: Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring. Both stations are equipped to monitor SO 2, wind speed, and wind direction. Borroloola Caravan is also equipped with solar radiation, barometric pressure, ambient temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. This report presents the data collected at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring stations in July 2016. Data capture for SO 2 at Devils Spring was 95% for SO 2 and 100% capture for wind speed and wind direction. Data capture at Borroloola Caravan was 95% for SO 2 and 100% for wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall. Percentage data capture for solar radiation during July 2016 was 96%. There were no recorded exceedances over the SO 2 air quality goals for either station during July 2016. 1 Glencore Website http://www.mcarthurrivermine.com.au/en/pages/default.aspx 2 Release of Independent Monitor Report - MRM, 23/10/2014 http://www.mcarthurrivermine.com.au/en/media/documents/independent%20monitor%20report.pdf Page 6 of 31
1. Introduction Ecotech Pty Ltd was commissioned by MRM to provide monitoring and data reporting for two ambient air quality monitoring stations, located as detailed in Table 1. Ecotech commenced data collection from MRM Borroloola station on the 17 th June, and Devils Spring station on the 20 th June 2015. MRM Borroloola station was decommissioned on 1 st March, and re-commissioned on the same day new instruments and a permanent enclosure. The station remains in the same location as the previous Borroloola station. It has been renamed Borroloola Caravan. This report presents data for July 2016. The data presented in this report: Describes air quality measurements; Compares monitoring results; Has been quality assured; 2. Monitoring and Data Collection 2.1. Siting Details The network consists of two ambient air quality monitoring stations. The stations location and siting details are described below. Table 1: MRM monitoring station locations Site Name Geographical Coordinates Height Above Sea Level (m) Borroloola Caravan 16 5'19"S, 136 30'40"E 21m Devils Spring 16 9'27"S, 136 5'51"E 70m Siting audits to assess for compliance with AS/NZS 3580.14:2011 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications were performed on 2 nd March 2016 at Devils Spring and 3 rd March 2016 Borroloola Caravan station. Siting audits to assess for compliance with AS/NZS 3580.1.1:2007 Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air guide to siting of air monitoring equipment were completed on 18 th March 2016 at both Page 7 of 31
Devils Spring and Borroloola Caravan stations. Both were found to be compliant and classified as Background sites. Figure 1: MRM Monitoring Locations 2.2. Monitored Parameters Table 2 below details the parameters monitored and the instruments used at the Borroloola and Devils Springs monitoring stations. Appendix 1 defines any abbreviated parameter names used throughout the report. For meteorological sensors, the elevation given in the table below is the height above ground level at the monitoring station. Page 8 of 31
Table 2: Parameters measured at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations Station Parameter Measured Instrument and Measurement Technique SO 2 Ecotech S50 - fluorescence Wind Speed (horizontal, elevation 10m) Vaisala WXT520 ultrasonic Wind Direction (elevation 10m) Vaisala WXT520 ultrasonic Borroloola Sigma Solar Radiation Rain Barometric Pressure Ambient Temperature Relative Humidity Calculation (Yamartino method) Middleton SK01-D2 Vaisala WXT520 Vaisala WXT520 Vaisala WXT520 Vaisala WXT520 SO 2 Ecotech EC9850B fluorescence Devils Spring Wind Speed (horizontal, elevation 10m) Wind Direction (elevation 10m) Gil Windsonic OP3 ultrasonic Gil Windsonic OP3 ultrasonic Sigma Calculation (Yamartino method) Page 9 of 31
2.3. Data Collection Methods Table 3 below outlines the methods used for data collection. Any deviations from the stated methods are detailed in section 2.3.1. Table 3: Data Collection Methods Parameter Measured SO 2 Rain Solar Radiation Ambient Temperature (elevation 10m) Relative Humidity Barometric Pressure Data Collection Methods Used AS 3580.4.1-2008 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS/NZS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS/NZS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS/NZS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS/NZS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual Description of Method Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 4.1: Determination of sulfur dioxide Direct reading instrumental method In-house method 6.2 Sulfur dioxide by fluorescence Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.7 Rainfall by tipping bucket rain gauge Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.6 Global solar radiation and Net radiation by pyranometer and net pyrradiometer Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.4 Temperature ambient by thermoelectric techniques Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.5 Relative humidity by hygrometer Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.9 Barometric pressure by solid state pressure transducer Page 10 of 31
Parameter Measured Vector Wind Speed (Horizontal) Vector Wind Direction Sigma Data Collection Methods Used AS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual AS 3580.14 2014 Ecotech Laboratory Manual Description of Method Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.1 Wind speed (Horizontal) by anemometer Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.3 Wind direction by anemometer Methods for sampling and analysis of ambient air. Method 14: Meteorological monitoring for ambient air quality monitoring applications In-house method 8.3 Wind direction by anemometer 2.3.1. Compliance with Standards Unless stated below, parameters are monitored at the MRM Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring according to the methods detailed in Table 3 above. Measurement of wind speed and wind direction by the Vaisala WXT520 does not meet performance criteria of AS 3580.14 2014 Measurement of SO 2 at Devils Spring does not meet the requirements of AS 3580.4.1 2008. A proficiency check has not been performed on the instrument. Maintenance has not been performed in according to the prescribed maintenance schedule. Measurement of SO 2 at Borroloola Caravan does not meet the requirements of AS 3580.4.1 2008 as maintenance has not been carried out according to the prescribed maintenance schedule. Page 11 of 31
2.3.2. Data Acquisition Data acquisition is performed using a PC based WinAQMS logger (using WinAQMS Version 2.3) situated at each of the monitoring sites. Each logger is equipped with a 3G modem for remote data collection. The recorded data is remotely collected from the AQMS loggers on a daily basis (using Airodis TM version 5.1) and stored at Ecotech s Environmental Reporting Services (ERS) department in Melbourne, Australia. Data samples are logged in 5 minute intervals. 2.4. Data Validation and Reporting 2.4.1. Validation The Ecotech ERS department perform daily data checks to ensure maximum data capture rates are maintained. Any equipment failures are communicated to the responsible field engineers for urgent rectification. Ecotech ERS maintains two distinct databases containing non-validated and validated data respectively. The validated database is created by duplicating the non-validated database and then flagging data affected by instrument faults, calibrations and other maintenance activities. The data validation software requires the analyst to supply a valid reason (e.g. backed by maintenance notes, calibration sheets etc) in the database for flagging any data as invalid. Details of all invalid or missing data are recorded in the Valid Data Exception Tables in section 6. Validation is performed by the analyst, and the validation is reviewed. Graphs and tables are generated based on the validated 5 minute data. 2.4.2. Reporting The reported data is presented in two Microsoft Excel format files named MRM Borroloola Caravan Validated Data Report July 2016.xls and MRM Devils Spring Validated Data Report July 2016. The Excel files consist of 5 Excel worksheets: 1. Cover 2. 5 Minute Data 3. 1 Hour Data 4. 24 Hour Data 5. Valid Data Exception Table The data contained in this report is based on Darwin UTC +9.30 time. Page 12 of 31
Averaging periods of eight hours or less are reported for the end of the period, i.e. the hourly average 02:00am is for the data collected from 1:00am to 2:00am. One hour averages are calculated based on a clock hour. One day averages are calculated based on calendar days. 3. Air Quality Goals The air quality goals for SO 2 monitored at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations are based on the Australian National Environmental Council (NEPC) Ambient Air Quality NEPM. The air quality goals are shown in Table 4 below. Table 4: NEPM Air Quality Goals for Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring monitoring stations Parameter Time Period Exceedance Level Maximum allowable exceedances SO 2 1 hour 200ppb (0.2ppm) 1 day a year SO 2 1 Day 80ppb (0.08ppm) 1 day a year 4. Calibrations and Maintenance 4.1. Units and Uncertainties The uncertainties for each parameter have been determined by the manufacturer s tolerance limits of the equipment s parameters, and by the data collection standard method. The reported uncertainties are expanded uncertainties, calculated using coverage factors which give a level of confidence of approximately 95%. Table 5: Units and Uncertainties Parameter Units Resolution Uncertainty Measurement Range 3 SO 2 (S50 and EC9850B) ppb 1 ppb ± 14 ppb K factor of 2.01 0 ppb to 500 ppb 3 Uncertainties may not be calculated based on the full measurement range. Uncertainty for SO2 by S50 and EC9850B is calculated based on a measurement range of 0-125 ppb. Page 13 of 31
Parameter Units Resolution Uncertainty Vector Wind Speed Vector Wind Direction Barometric Pressure m/s Deg mbar 0.1 m/s 1 deg 1 mbar 0.22 m/s or 3.0% of reading, whichever is greater K factor of 1.96 4 deg K factor of 2.11 2.4 mbar k factor of 1.96 Measurement Range 3 0m/s to 15 m/s 0 deg to 360 deg Starting threshold: 0 m/s 980 to 1040 mbar Ambient Temperature C 0.1 C ± 0.25 C K factor of 2.01 0 C to 50 C Relative Humidity % 1% ± 5% K factor of 2.31 0-100% Rainfall % 0.1 mm Solar Radiation W/m 2 1 W/m 2 0.60 mm or 7.5% of reading, whichever is the greater K factor of 2.14 ± 5 % of reading or ±32 w/m² or whichever is greater K factor of 1.96 Rainfall rates of 0 to 80 mm/hr 0 to 1100 W/m 2 Page 14 of 31
4.2. Maintenance 4.2.1. Calibration & Maintenance Summary Tables The last calibrations for the following parameters were performed on the indicated dates. Data supplied after this time is subject to further validation, to be performed at the next calibration cycle. Note: Maintenance and calibration dates may differ, as calibrations may be less frequent than scheduled maintenance visits. 4.2.2. Maintenance Notes Tables 6 and 7 indicate when the gas and meteorological equipment were last maintained. Table 6: MRM Borroloola Caravan Maintenance Table July 2016 Parameter Date of Last Maintenance Maintenance Type Date of Last Calibration Calibration Cycle SO 2 01/07/2016 Monthly 4 01/07/2016 Monthly 4 Wind Speed 02/03/2016 3 Monthly 22/05/2015 2 Yearly Wind Direction 02/03/2016 3 Monthly 22/05/2015 2 Yearly Ambient Temperature 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly Relative Humidity 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly Barometric Pressure 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly Rain 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly Solar Radiation 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 02/03/2016 6 Monthly 4 Remote calibration performed only Page 15 of 31
Table 7: MRM Devils Spring Maintenance Table July 2016 Parameter Date of Last Maintenance Maintenance Type Date of Last Calibration Calibration Cycle SO 2 01/07/2016 Monthly 5 01/07/2016 Monthly 5 Wind Speed 03/03/2016 6 Monthly 07/09/2015 2 Yearly Wind Direction 03/03/2016 6 Monthly 07/09/2015 2 Yearly 5. Results 5.1. Data Capture Data capture is based on 1 hour averages, calculated from 5 minute data, and refers to the amount of available data collected during the report period. The percentage of data captured is calculated using the following equation: Data capture = (Reported air quality data / Total data) x 100% Where: Reported air quality data = Number of instrument readings which have been validated through a quality assured process and excludes all data errors, zero data collection due to calibration, failures and planned and unplanned maintenance. Total data = Total number of instrument readings since the start of the term assuming no maintenance, errors, loss of data or calibration. 5 Remote calibration only Page 16 of 31
Tables 8 and 9 below displays data capture statistics for July 2016. Bold values in the table indicate data capture below 95%. Details of all invalid or missing data affecting data affecting data capture are included in the Valid Data Exception Tables in section 6 of this report. Table 8: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Borroloola Caravan Station for July 2016 Parameter Data Capture (%) SO 2 95 WS, WD, Sigma 100 Ambient Temperature 100 Relative Humidity 100 Barometric Pressure 100 Solar Radiation 96 Rain 100 Table 9: Monthly Data Capture for MRM Devils Spring Station for July 2016 Parameter Data Capture (%) SO 2 95 WS, WD, Sigma 100 Page 17 of 31
5.2. Air Quality Summary Table 10 records the number of exceedances for SO 2 measured at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring station. Table 10: Exceedances recorded for July 2016 Parameter Time Period Value of Exceedance Date of Exceedance SO 2 1 hour none none 5.3. Data Summary Tables Tables 11 to 13 provide statistical summaries for the SO 2 5 minute, 1 hour and 24 hour data at the Borroloola Caravan and Devils Spring stations. Table 11: SO 2 5 Minute Data Summary Table SO 2 Borroloola Caravan Devils Spring Maximum (ppb) 113 65 Minimum (ppb) 0 0 Average (ppb) 0 2 Time of Maximum 21/07/2016 07:45 5/07/2016 06:10 Time of Minimum 1/07/2016 12:45 17/07/2016 02:45 99.9th Percentile 44 51 99th Percentile 7 29 90th Percentile 0 4 Capture Percent (%) 95 95 Notes: any negative values have been presented as 0. Nearest rank percentiles are used to calculate percentile values. Page 18 of 31
Table 12: SO 2 1 Hour Data Summary Table SO 2 Borroloola Caravan Devils Spring Maximum (ppb) 113 49 Minimum (ppb) 0 0 Average (ppb) 0 2 Time of Maximum 21/07/2016 08:00 5/07/2016 07:00 Time of Minimum 1/07/2016 14:00 17/07/2016 19:00 No. of readings >200ppb 0 0 99.9th Percentile 53 49 99th Percentile 7 25 90th Percentile 0 5 Capture Percent (%) 95 95 Table 13: SO 2 24 Hour Data Summary Table SO 2 Borroloola Caravan Devils Spring Maximum (ppb) 5 6 Minimum (ppb) 0 0 Average (ppb) 0 2 Date of Maximum 21/07/2016 5/07/2016 Date of Minimum 26/07/2016 12/07/2016 No. of readings > 80 ppb 0 0 99.9th Percentile 5 6 99th Percentile 5 6 90th Percentile 0 5 Capture Percent (%) 100 100 *Notes: any negative values have been presented as 0. Nearest rank percentiles are used to calculate percentile values. Page 19 of 31
5.4. Graphic Representations Validated 5 minute data for all parameters were used to construct the following monthly graphic representations. Figure 2: Borroloola Caravan Station SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016 Page 20 of 31
Figure 3: Borroloola Caravan station SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016 Page 21 of 31
Figure 4: Borroloola Caravan Station Wind Rose for July 2016 Page 22 of 31
Figure 5: Devils Spring SO2 1 Hour Averages for July 2016 Page 23 of 31
Figure 6: Devils Spring SO2 24 Hour Averages for July 2016 Page 24 of 31
Figure 7: Devils Spring Station Wind Rose July 2016 Page 25 of 31
6. Valid Data Exception Tables The tables below detail all changes made to the raw data set during the validation process. An explanation of reasons given in the table can be found in Appendix 2. Table 14: MRM Borroloola Caravan Valid Data Exception Table Start Date End Date Reason Change Details User Name Change Date 01/07/2016 00:00 31/07/2016 23:55 Automatic internal reference checks occurring every night between 23:50 and 23:55 SO2 CK 8/8/16 01/07/2016 01:00 31/07/2016 01:35 Automatic calibration checks occurring every night between 01:00 and 01:35 SO2 CK 8/8/16 01/07/2016 01:40 31/07/2016 01:40 Intermittent stabilisation following automatic calibration checks SO2 CK 8/8/16 01/07/2016 09:05 01/07/2016 10:05 Remote calibration SO2 CK 8/8/16 01/07/2016 09:25 01/07/2016 09:25 01/07/2016 13:10 31/07/2016 16:00 Data transmission error due to maintenance Intermittent shadow on sensor occurring between approximately 13:00 and 16:00 throughout the month All parameters CK 8/8/16 SRAD CK 8/8/16 04/07/2016 06:15 04/07/2016 06:25 Intermittent data transmission errors SO2 CK 8/8/16 21/07/2016 13:55 21/07/2016 14:00 Maintenance performed by MRM staff - filter change and instrument check SO2 CK 8/8/16 Page 26 of 31
Table 15: MRM Devils Spring Valid Data Exception Table Start Date End Date Reason Change Details User Name Change Date 01/07/2016 00:00 31/07/2016 23:55 01/07/2016 01:00 31/07/2016 01:40 Automatic internal reference checks occurring every night between 23:50 and 00:00 Automatic calibration checks occurring every night between 01:00 and 01:40 SO2 CK 8/08/16 SO2 CK 8/08/16 01/07/2016 01:45 30/07/2016 02:15 Intermittent instrument stabilisation following automatic calibration checks SO2 CK 8/08/16 01/07/2016 10:20 01/07/2016 10:40 Remote calibration SO2 CK 8/08/16 05/07/2016 01:55 06/07/2016 00:00 Offset +0.002ppm applied to data to correct baseline SO2 CK 8/08/16 18/07/2016 01:55 18/07/2016 10:20 Offset +0.008ppm applied to data to correct baseline SO2 CK 8/08/16 18/07/2016 10:25 18/07/2016 11:10 Power interruption and subsequent SO2 stabilisations following power interruptions WS, WD, SO2 CK 8/08/16 27/07/2016 08:55 27/07/2016 09:30 Power interruption and subsequent SO2 stabilisations following power interruptions WS, WD, SO2 CK 8/08/16 Page 27 of 31
7. Report Summary Data capture for SO 2 at Devils Spring was 95% for SO 2 and 100% capture for wind speed and wind direction. Data capture at Borroloola Caravan was 95% for SO 2 and 100% for wind speed, wind direction, ambient temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure and rainfall. Percentage data capture for solar radiation during July 2016 was 96%. There were no recorded exceedances over the SO 2 air quality goals for either station during July 2016. ------------------------------------------------END OF REPORT------------------------------------- Page 28 of 31
Appendix 1 - Definitions & Abbreviations deg Degrees (True North) m/s ppb Sigma SO 2 WD WS Metres per second Parts per billion Sigma Theta is the standard deviation of the horizontal wind direction fluctuations over the averaging period. Sulfur dioxide Vector Wind Direction Vector Wind Speed Page 29 of 31
Appendix 2 - Explanation of Exception Table Automatic background check refers to when analyser samples zero air and measures the level of the concentration voltage. This voltage is taken as the zero signal level and this value is subtracted from any subsequent readings as an active zero compensation. This is the analyser s fine zero measurement. Calibration check outside tolerance refers to when the calibration values are outside the tolerance limits set for the precision check. Calibration correction factor applied to data refers to an offset or multiplier applied to the data. This operation may be performed for a number of reasons including: (a) when a clear trend / drift outside the tolerance limit can be demonstrated by repeated operation precision checks, (b) when a correction is required on previously logged data due to a calibration check being outside the allowable tolerance Commissioning refers to the initial setup and calibration of the instrument when it is first installed. For some instruments there may be a stabilisation period before normal operation commences. Data affected by environmental conditions wind speed / wind speed gust spike refers to when a one-off high reading occurs due to a natural occurrence such as a bird sitting on the wind sensor, or some other event causing the readings to spike. Data transmission error refers to a period of time when the instrument could not transmit data. This may be due to interference, or a problem with the phone line or modem. Equipment malfunction/instrument fault refers to a period of time when the instrument was not in the normal operating mode and did not measure a representative value of the existing conditions. Gap in data/data not available refers to a period of time when either data has been lost or could not be collected. Instrument Alarm refers to an alarm produced by the instrument. A range of alarms can be produced depending on how operation of the instrument is being affected. Instrument out of service refers to a lack of data due to an instrument being shut down for repair, maintenance, or factory calibration. Linear offset or multiplier refers to when an offset or multiplier has been applied between two points where the values of the offset or multiplier are different and the correction is interpolated between the two points. Page 30 of 31
Logger error refers to when an error occurs and instrument readings are not correctly recorded by the logger. Maintenance refers to a period of time when the logger / instrument was switched off due to maintenance. Overnight span/zero out of tolerance refers to when the span/zero reading measured by the analyser during an automatic precision check falls outside of the expected concentration limits. Overnight zero out of tolerance refers to when the automatic zero reading measured by the analyser falls outside the expected limits. Power Interruption refers to no power to the station therefore no data was collected at this time. Remote Calibration refers to when a technician remotely connects to the station and manually performs a span check. Static offset or multiplier refers to when a single offset or multiplier has been applied to the data between two points either to increase or decrease the measured value. Warm up after power interruption refers to the startup period of an instrument after power has been restored. Page 31 of 31