Rigid system and processes, and little support for new ideas or risk-taking. Tight budgets and a lack of clarity and confidence in their future

uur G vrm u Am rm Exm P rr y Brr u r

E xuv ummry : Gru Ru 5 P r u 6 urr u 8 urr Ery 0 r u ru A u 4 u Jum 5 P v u y 6 Bu N r 7 B u N r ru A u 9 : Rmm 0 v r h Bu N r r 4

Exuv ummry URREN RENGH OF GOERNMEN EPARMEN EXAMPE h P r u wkg f yur g hw h hy mr: A ufg uk r f r r v A, fx rh ufuy rh r m r f vg u r w, wh rr r r Emh ju r rm wr hr vu (hm/wk). h v hw r 5 - Ir h. h r h r fu fg f' m mg. h urr yur g rv y h rm: Exg rv, wh mg hgh r u vr Fu mg x kg ry f h v vu g g rwh. h v hw m r - f- m, hwg h muh rgy v rfm, ym r. Wh kg vr v, w m v fu uy 4 - rfm, hwg h muh rgy v my r, rw m. I Bu N r w v fwg r: F F, r g u. K EY IUE FOR GOERNMEN EPARMEN EXAMPE uur ry h gh %. h uur ry r - urvv - f- m g m u ru vy ffv. hr r fv y mg urr uur: urury, k rur, j ury, u fu. kg h rg ry w f wg u: Rg ym r, u f w rk-kg gh ug k ry f r fuur Ir v hrg fw mmu Ovr-wk kg mwrm rvg m mm hr r v - Rh, 5 - Ir h, 6 - Mkg ffr 7 - rv. h r hghgh rr r, r mmuy, xr, rv mm g. Ar r h yu v r vr, g u r f fuur m? I wh w k mh w h whh r m m h y m xr wk w grm. h ugg h r f wk y r g.

Exuv ummry HE WAY FORWAR FOR GOERNMEN EPARMEN EXAMPE w r' r r wy rqu r : (hm/wk) hvm. h h r kg f rgr r r r wkg vrm. hr r hr rr vr frm urr r : g grwh, uy rm. h h hv m f r g kg, y r g f umr hg. Frm v r h w m r 4 - rfm hwg h r w rgy r wr my r, rw m. Pr w m gr uvy mrv rfm. hr f rv f hgh r r vr. hy r kg f y mr wrh vr r ff. hy wu k x w y r j m ffvy, w h fug rhg m m g hr fu. h gru f rg uv gru ff whh f. hy wu k k r u r frm, y k r gu muu r mv m. hr f mur h w u my hvg m f r r v. Hwvr, wh w k vr v w h gg hf v fu uy rqu 5 - Ir h, hwg h r w u mmuy r g. Frm r w f rm urry g xr-.g. rh y fu. W h kg w r jum w h:

G vrm rm Exm 5

: P r u P r u r rm IR (P)=7--0 IR ( )= 0-0-0 u A u 7 7% (hm/wk) 0 4 (I) P : P v u : - Py mg u 6 5 8% 7% h y 5 (I) gry 5 (I) y 0 4 (I) mmm 8 5 (I) I I vu R R h 64 Pr 4 5% 4% 0% % % 6% % uur Ery=% r 8 (R) h umur/ fu 7 5 (I) hvm 6 (I) f r 6 5 (R) ru 6 5 (R) W h m Gvrm rm Exm? A y Pr u h y h gru hw whh r u m wh y vy rw frm wh mkg r v ( u). W hw r r ru r v u M (A u). P r v u r f I vu, R h u ( I R). Ky h m frm u A ufg uk r f r r v A, fx rh ufuy rh r m r f vg u r w, wh rr r r Emh ju r rm wr u r I Pr u r fur v wh r 5 - Ir h. h r h r fu fg f' m mg. Wh w k h w m fu 4 - rfm (5%) 5 - Ir h (7%). 4 rf wg r hg. 5 rr r h, mury / rh f m g. h ru hw whr m rgy r f h gru, ju whr r u f. 6

u Pr : G u m whr ur g A h. hv v h hg; hr m, r k uuy r ) rr ), r ) grwh. r x v r hr : wg f - f wh urvv w hy -. g 6 - fu ffr Mkg hrugh hg v rg frm ru wr r. rv mmuy 7 - hgh rf rv xr r r. u A hk m I r r whr hr rg f h v hgh A gf. wh rg u r h fu r h whh grm r m. r y u : R I h v Of r hr, vu r v r rh mm I. r r. y "vu"

: urr u urr uur u r rm IRO (P)=0--4-0 IRO ()=-0-4-0 u A u 7 4% urury () (O) k rur () (O) j ury () 8 (O) rg grwh 4 (O) u () (I) P : P v u : - Py mg u I- I vu R- R h O- O rg - 64 Pr 6 5 4 7% 9% % 6% 4% 5% % 4% 6% uur Ery=% q uy 0 (O) uy 9 4 (R) fu () 8 (O) rm 8 (O) r u 8 (O) Wh hg r xr? h urr u rf r r yur g y-- y wk vrm h v r xr, rm r. I y f r (IR) w w hv O rg y v u. (IRO) Ky h m frm u Exg rv, wh mg hgh r u vr Fu mg x kg ry f Rg ym r, u f w rk-kg gh ug k ry f r fuur u r I urr, r ru hr v wh r - f-m, hwg h muh rgy v rfm, ym r. m h fu y mg ur. Wh w k, h v y mg, w h hgh fu f h rg - urvv ( 0%), - f- m (0%) 4 - rfm (%). rr f y fy ury my. r wh ym r, g ffv r. 4 rr wg gru hg u frm my. Py mg fr uwgh v fu 8

u urr : v mg u g, y. fu hf Nry uggg mg, y rfm. wh rm G u v r hr : wg f - fu Rh r rh rr ry. h xry 5 - fu h Ir r mmuy ug gru. 6 - fu ffr Mkg f muuy rg u h rrh gru. h 7 - f r rv f g. mm f u y u : RO I vu v Of, vu r h r fur vu, rh r g. h hwvr, N, r hr g m y urr vu vu :. g r ur f h h hw rmry fu g frm hugh, u mg v h gv rv. Mh: u urr r P h gm. Mhg Pr mhg umr grr grr, urr f ky r whh gr rg r w wkg r r vrm. wu uur, g hghy I mhg fur hr x. urr r P. mhg r hr h mh N wh g r g yur k h. urr mmm ru gm uur, g hghy I rfm. fur hr x wu. hg m

: y Er urr 0 u mg y P y P g m u v uur r mur Ery ry. ym yfu gr f v r rr. mg y hw hr h mg y rg Py. urr u v, y fu r mg u f hw h.. h ry rug uur wr 0% ry g. hhy % y f wr v v mg. u uur h rm ru rf ry ruur uur rqurg rh rfm, hg. m ru m I mrv ry uur rfm. y fv r hr mg. urr h rv u r Wh? h urury B r. fm rvy k urury muh r my r, rrur Burury ru. uy ffv. rur k h ry k y v, f h wk. r m ufuy g rv quy ru mrm. ury J vrm frm my whh h mym. r g fr r w k ury j r. rrur u y r rk hr wh mg - kg. w x fu rv fu f k frm ru rg u I r. r frur. ffy ) (v mg u y P uur y r E % () urury (8) fu (4) rrhy h my ) 4 ( (8) hur g () hg fm () wr v 4% () m () ug mr () u m () m r v % () rur k (8) ury j () u (9) r h - rm fu ) 9 ( () ru () x v 6% Ery=% uur 6% % 4% 4% 5% 6%

: urr Ery r Ery h uur ry r - urvv - f- m, g k vy ffv. N h uur ry x mu v fu - urvv uggg h y v ff h r g my urm. Ky h m Rg ym r, u f w rk-kg gh ug k ry f r fuur Ir v hrg fw mmu Ovr-wk kg mwrm rvg m mm

: r u r u r rm IRO (P)=--6-0 IRO ()=0-0-0-0 u A u 7 5% rm 9 (O) uy 6 4 (R) x 5 (I) rh 4 6 (O) (hm/wk) 4 (O) P : P v u : - P y mg u I I vu R R h O - O rg 64 Pr 6 5 4 0% 0% % 0% 9% 5% 8% uur % 9% Ery=0% uu mrvm 4 (O) mwk 0 4 (R) rg grwh 9 (O) hvm 8 (I) my fufm 8 6 (O) W h w r f r fuur? h r u rf wh r v m f g hv mum rfm. h rv gh r r w g k, urr rm h rgg. K y hm frm u Ir fu mrg fu r y hgh r Mgm rmg r r, g ru ff r m P mg r ufuy rhg m Mur h ffv u urh N w u r h r r u h r urr uur u. hy r h r wu k mm r f yur g hv hgh rfm. hr r v w grm: x rh (hm/wk) uu mrvm mwk hvm my fufm

u r : Mh: u r urr hg M h gm. urr mhg umr grr grr, r whh gr v my I rk. rgh g x wu uur, g hghy urr mhg m 6. r : mhg hr r hr grwh rg uy rm gru h h ru r h u w w xr hr O fuur. u m hv h hw mh yur r urr f gf w y g hf rg w h mmm. rfm Mh: u r u r P : mhg w r hr (hm/wk) hvm h f h, r h g, yur r ug g gru, h y wk rugh y v. y r m r hy r A - h - Mh. mhg r hr wu uur, g hghy I u Pr fur hr x h u fu r rr. r r u vu, r I v fur ru r 4 r wh - h hwg rfm r rgy w r r my wr, m. w r vu k w Wh f fu h w h g h - f - 4 m (%) - (9%). rfm r, ym wh r ff rg v rr 4 r. hg gru wg frm my. u G u v r hr : wg f - fu Rh rh rr r h. xry ry 5 - fu h Ir r mmuy ug gru. 7 - f rf rv g. mm f u hw rg u A h fu uh m r f r vr. r h y u : RO I vu v Of w, vu r w h r x, rh r r g. rr h v r g f r, u fu whh wy qu. wh r

: u A ru - 4 r P u urr u urr u r u r P u r u G mm rfm f - r I uur ry E hr gm m hr mk w - u ry h xr urry y h g. ur y w mgm hr ru xrg urry r k wu y h h. r y h hw mgm r urr rvw hg m mk fu r. w gm hr r gru' f kg r y r r r, f w h g y hg y u kg. r r mj hr f v rg hw grm u ru h - r Ir, f fm G. mm uh, ur m,, y rr Ir f hh, hy f v ur u h r ym rh, rr. g u f w h hr I Ery. uur hw u 4. y rr rfm hg gg v, gvg u h G mm rg. grwh f u mrg, qu 7. 6 5, m, I w fu r g vu - u y hw wk, v r mg fg v, g g ug r -. fuur rm u % % 0 % % 5% % 9 % 4 % 8 % 0% 5% % % 9% 0% 8% % % % 5% 5% % 4% 0%

: u Jum h hw h r v gr r v frm urr r. h r r. Pr h h f fuur w- g rg. K y Rqu Hgh r ffv ym r A hr j m r Ou gu u f gru ff R u r muu f, wh hvg m f hr r v u urr uur r uur J um x 7 5 8 my fufm 0 8 8 rh 9 4 5 mr 5 rm 8 9 mwrm mwk 0 0 0 ffy 4 4 0 (hm/wk) 4 9 hg/ mrg 0 9 9 ru 0 9 9 5

: v y u v P 6 h. y v f v r urr Pr, rg grm hw h fu. w m rqug r y whr r y h Jum u r rv h g. yur r r ru ry 4 5 6 7 r uur u rm x hvm uy hm/wk) ( uu mrvm mwk rh my ufm f u um J ffy mr mwrm ru hg/ rg m 6% % 4% 5% 7% % 8 % 7 % 4 % 5 6% % 9% 7% 4% % 9% % 9% 8% 5% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 0% 5% 40% 45% 4 5 6 7 r P u u r u urr

: r N u B 7 urr uur r F g rwh g g rwh g F () urury rur k ) ( uy q rm u r rm x hvm Exr khr R vu E ) ( u uu mrvm uur ru/ ggm E uy uy mwk fufm my r/ mmu () fu rh uv vrm E () ury j hm/wk) ( ru h r N u B g f rgy g gu h fu r rqu urr vw u rv - Exr F, F, fu r x rm u. Evu, R, khr uur. ru, rk w urr f u hr - Evrm uv r/mmu ru/eggm, :. urr h B gru h, urr fur fu g g x h -, F Evu F, ru/ ( r/ Eggm, uv mmu, r hr Evrm). Exr v Evu, R, khr ru mmu, (r/ Evrm). uv fu mg y P m hw vry hkg, fwr r. r h B x fur, r vr r g -, F Evu F, r/ Eggm, (ru/ mmu, uv r hr Evrm). Exr v R khr ru. urr u uur u r F F F xr E khr R vu E uur ru ru ru/ ggm E r/ mmu uv vrm E

: Bu N r Pr w fr rgrv muuy uv rr m mhr h wk.

: r N u B u A ru 9 (h v urr rg grm hw h hg v wh h r mg) y v. r w F F xr E khr R vu E ru/ ggm E r/ mmu uv vrm E ru % % 5 % 5 % 5 % 5 4% 5% % 9% % 4% 8% 4% % 9% 4% 5% 0% % 4% 4% u urr v P u r Pv Ery uur uur

R mm 0

Rmm : r rmm h r yu u r fuur gu qu gh rv ru yur rg. ru mmu r vr grr g gru fu u g r ru. r f ru rg u g u mrvm. f, g yur ry uur h %, ru. y h mg Ify mg j rur, k urury, u ury, fu Ak. wh r ru gv hvur mg u, y y h rv, h y g r k. mgh g mg r y hw rm ruvy. ffy x fu w g yur r ky f fr w h rgrm f yr. yr x r urvy rg r hg. gug. r m hv yu gr r g r h u Pr y rur Py wh u k. r f k r y wh m m u r rgrm r wk. r wh m rg h gr wk fr y wh r hy. uur urr g k gfy rg r I g? wk vu f r I? r wh h r? h wh r f : r rqu w Exm uu (hm/wk), rh, x, mrvm, hvm wk, m my ufm f hvur mg r rm. wh w r um u. v f v u g yur hw u u grwh, rg y m r. r urr jum r uur - r u hw h w r r u urr rg m gf u g? h N Bu I fr mur whh r,, u h g u f r urr h r r R khr Exr g u u ru. r uh f u rr g. rg r x h w y r w Hw. u yur rvg r wh yu Ar? urr u hwg yu u u y rv hw rvw yur h F g? r m fy wh f u h m. u x wu hvur wh r murm rfm f u hvur grg. vg r xuv mgr w hw u urm wu wh rm, I hrughu rvv hvur Mk. my m grg y g, ur y rr, rm mgm, rfm rgrm, g. u m rh h h N u v (hm/wk) hvm h r w y w u Pr. r r

u Pr v h u ru g Ivu frm y r g u. ur hy hr ru Ivu. fur 5, hrugh fu uuy r wh uy u r ru mh 5. urvv : urvv hy fu f uh u I fy. f ur hh, y, -. h mg y h hvg ru frm fr gr r urvv. g ugh r gr, u mg u. Rh : quy fu r rr vu h uh u I f. f frh, fmy, mmu, r. u r h mg y h ru frm fr gr r kw g gg g. rvry, u h mg k. g r f : - m vu fu f r f - I wh., g uh u fu, rr m,. wr r h mg y h g u frm fr gr r y ugh k r, f v - mg Py rgr. rrg u, u mg. r r hr : N mg y 7. hrugh 4 u v rfm 4: fu 4 f - u uh I grwh. r ry, uy, urg,. wg, k h vu whh r y fr x vrm hr fr frm g h u. whr I r f g vu r ur v - frm mkg h rr hr f. r h Ir 5: rh vu fu 5 h g Ivu mg. f j rm hk gr r wh wk r gg u rr, m. r h uh hum, rvy, mmm, um h u gry x, r/fu, y. h ffr Mkg 6: u fu 6 g mkg y m vu Ivu w. ffr v r uv k h g mkg m r r u rgz hy. wh wkg m r w. m r vrg mhy, uh h u wk, mmuy g, wr. vrm rv 7: mkg wh 7 rf I f. wy m ffr hgh h xr r r f u hw - u. rv h g Ivu m, wm, y u fgv, h w r ry. u g hv y h. rv uh u u r r hy fuur rgh hum ju, r g.

u Org v h ru u f fu g My u hr fr h : grwh, r : my f umr ruvy, : rg, ufu m h quy. ffy fu r ru r g u. rum urvv : I urvv. grwh fu r, uh u hh my grwh, g vu. hrhr fy, h h mg y hvg u frm fr gr r r. g ugh h mrmgm hvur, rrr, x. u xv Rh : qu fu y w rh rr my w my, uh u I umr. ru, f mmu, r. yy, f, umr h mg y h r ru fr hrugh gr kwg. g gg m, r rvry, h fmy. u, m f : - m rfm, r fu ffv r u. u h Exm ffy, x, ruvy, m, k grwh, r uy. q h mg y h u fr hrugh gr r f w ugh, g - h h. w my, rrg, kg. wr urury, mg y r hr N: 7. hrugh 4 u v rfm 4: y fu 4 u I rw. uu my uy, uh v, rg, r, r vry, mwk, hrg. kwg m, h Ir 5: fu 5 ug I g. h r gry, ru, uh u v, hr wr, vu hy, h gry. fr, y - r h h ru hum, jym,, rvy. mmm, ffr Mkg 6: r g fu 6 xr xg g I. mrg, uh u m, rh hg. u g Ou rrh,, rg uh, ur umr vrm vvm, mmuy mkg uy, wr, ffr. rv 7: k 7 r xr x m r g, I. wm, uh u m. humy, fgv, uh u Exry g u, j - rm rv g, gr. fuur h, rv,

h r N u B 4 r N Bu h h W v xm M rv, uur frm (BN) r N Bu kg By x. u fuur rqu urr r gu h u BN fu, r g g f gy - rm u: r h u. F hh m k F wh grwh f m r hv h hvur vr m grwh, r. F rfm, fu F ym hr hvur u r. rfm, m r hv vry ffv quy ru/rv. R khr xr E hghgh R khr Exr umr wh h r r u r h khr. xr r hv h hvur umr, wh rh m rg ur, mrk, rr. vu E gru v, vr Evu rg. m u r hv hr rr hvur, m m wy rv ru/ r, hkg. ru mh ru ry. vrm u h rg hvur m r hv r g rh y. mmuy uur fufm my r r h h. gru hr w rk u - : ru/eggm my r ru/eggm ru. mwr fg hvur u r h muu u gr, rg h my urg f r. r/ mmu fu hw r/mmu hw mkg mmu. h hvur u hw xr mkg gu xhg mmu hr. r fm Evrm uv uv r Evrm r f r fg my r h hvur u fry. r hw m r hv wh fr k r rg.