Review Material fr Eam # 1. a. Calculate the mlarity f a slutin made with 184.6 mg sample f ptassium dichrmate disslved in enugh water t give 500.0 ml f slutin. 1 g 184.6 mg K Cr O 1 mle K Cr O 7 7 1000 mg 94.181 g KCrO 7 = 1.55 10 3 M 1 L 500.0 ml 1000 ml b. What is the mlarity f ptassium in? K Cr O 7 (aq) K + (aq) + Cr O 7 (aq) 3 + 1.55 10 mle KCrO 7 mle K L 1 mle K Cr O 7 =.510 10 3 M K +. Calculate the mass f sdium hydride needed t make 50.0 ml f a 0.4000 M slutin. 0.4000 mle NaOH 39.997 g NaOH 0.500 L L 1 mle NaOH = 4.000 g NaOH 3. Hw wuld yu prepare 1.0 L f 0.50 M sulfuric acid frm cncentrated (18 M) sulfuric acid? 0.50 mle HSO4 1 L 1000 ml 1.0 L L 18 mle H SO 1 L 4 = 8 ml cncentrated H SO 4 diluted t 1.0 L 4. Predict the slubility f each substance in water using slubility rules. Write the inizatin reactin when each sluble substance is disslved in water. 1. All Li +, Na +, K +, and NH + 4 salts are sluble.. All NO 3, C H 3 O, ClO 3, and ClO 4 salts are sluble. 3. All Ag +, Pb + +, and Hg salts are insluble. 4. All Cl, Br, and I salts are sluble. 5. All CO 3, O, S, OH, SO 3, CrO 4, Cr O 7, and PO 3 4 salts insluble, ecept CaS, SrS, BaS and Ba(OH). 6. All SO 4 salts are sluble ecept Ca +, Sr +, and Ba +. a. Ba(NO 3 ) sluble () Ba(NO 3 ) (aq) Ba + (aq) + NO 3 (aq) b. ZnS insluble (5) c. (NH 4 ) CO 3 sluble (1) (NH 4 ) CO 3 (aq) NH + 4 (aq) + CO 3 (aq)
d. Fe O 3 insluble (5) e. PbCl insluble (3) f. NaClO 4 sluble (1) NaClO 4 (aq) Na + (aq) + ClO 4 (aq) g. BaCrO 4 insluble (5) h. FeBr sluble (4) FeBr (aq) Fe + (aq) + Br (aq) i. Ag SO 4 insluble (3) j. Ca(OH) insluble (5) k. Hg (ClO 3 ) sluble () Hg (ClO 3 ) (aq) Hg + (aq) + ClO 3 (aq) l. K 3 PO 4 sluble (1) K 3 PO 4 (aq) 3 K + (aq) + PO 3 4 (aq) m. Mg 3 (PO 4 ) insluble (5) n. NH 4 NO 3 sluble (1) NH 4 NO 3 (aq) NH + 4 (aq) + NO 3 (aq). ZnCrO 4 insluble (5) p. NiSO 4 sluble (6) NiSO 4 (aq) Ni + (aq) + SO 4 (aq) q. AlCl 3 sluble (4) AlCl 3 (aq) Al 3+ (aq) + 3 Cl (aq) r. AgI insluble (3) s. CaBr sluble (4) CaBr (aq) Ca + (aq) + Br (aq) t. CuS insluble (5) u. K SO 3 sluble (1) K SO 3 (aq) K + (aq) + SO 3 3 (aq) 5. Predict the prducts (include phase state), balance and write the net inic equatins fr each f the fllwing. Classify each as precipitatin, acid-base r idatin-reductin. Na 3 PO 4 (aq) + 3 AgNO 3 (aq) Ag 3 PO 4 (s) + 3 NaNO 3 (aq) 3 Ag + (aq) + PO 4 3 (aq) Ag 3 PO 4 (s) precipitatin K SO 4 (aq) + BaCl (aq) BaSO 4 (s) + KCl(aq) Ba + (aq) + SO 4 (aq) BaSO 4 (s) precipitatin Hg (NO 3 ) (aq) + CaCl (aq) Hg Cl (s) + Ca(NO 3 ) (aq) Hg + (aq) + Cl (aq) Hg Cl (s) precipitatin Pb(NO 3 ) (aq) + Na SO 4 (aq) PbSO 4 (s) + NaNO 3 (aq) Pb + (aq) + SO 4 (aq) PbSO 4 (s) precipitatin AgClO 3 (aq) + KCl(aq) AgCl(s) + KClO 3 (aq) Ag + (aq) + Cl (aq) AgCl(s) precipitatin 3 KOH(aq) + H 3 PO 4 (aq) K 3 PO 4 (aq) + 3 H O(l) H 3 PO 4 (aq) + 3 OH (aq) PO 4 3 (aq) + 3 H O(l) acid-base
ZnCl (aq) + H S(aq) ZnS(s) + HCl(aq) Zn + (aq) + S (aq) ZnS(s) precipitatin Na 3 PO 4 (aq) + 3 CaCl (aq) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) (s) + 6 NaCl(aq) 3 Ca + (aq) + PO 3 4 (aq) Ca 3 (PO 4 ) (s) precipitatin HBr(aq) + Ca(OH) (aq) CaBr (aq) + H O(l) H + (aq) + OH (aq) H O(l) acid-base Na(s) + S(s) Na S(s) Same red C H 6 (g) + 7 O (g) 4 CO (g) + 6 H O(g r l) Same red Mg(s) + Cu(NO 3 ) (aq) Cu(s) + Mg(NO 3 ) (aq) Mg(s) + Cu + (aq) Mg + (aq) + Cu(s) red 6. Determine the idatin state f each element and identify which element is idized and which is reduced. Identify the idizing and reducing agents. a. Fe O 3 + 3 CO Fe + 3 CO +3 + 0 +4 Fe reduced, C idized Fe O 3 idizing agent CO reducing agent b. PbS + 4 H O PbSO 4 + 4 H O + +1 1 + +6 +1 O reduced, S idized H O idizing agent PbS reducing agent c. 8 H O + 3 P 4 + 0 HNO 3 1 H 3 PO 4 + 0 NO +1 0 +1 +5 +1 +5 + N reduced, P idized HNO 3 idizing agent P 4 reducing agent
d. MnSO 4 + 5 PbO + 3H SO 4 HMnO 4 + 5 PbSO 4 + H O + +6 +4 +1 +6 +1 +7 + +6 +1 Pb reduced, Mn idized PbO idizing agent MnSO 4 reducing agent e. 3 Cu + HNO 3 + 6 HCl 3 CuCl + NO + 4 H O 0 +1 +5 +1 1 + 1 + +1 f. Bi(OH) 3 + 3 K SnO 3 K SnO 3 + Bi + 3 H O +3 +1 +1 + +1 +4 0 +1 N reduced, Cu idized HNO 3 idizing agent Cu reducing agent Bi reduced, Sn idized Bi(OH) 3 idizing agent K SnO reducing agent 7. If 30.0 ml f 0.150 M aluminum chlride is added t 15.0 ml f 0.100 M silver(i) nitrate, what mass f precipitate will be frmed? 3 AgNO 3 (aq) + AlCl 3 (aq) 3 AgCl(s) + Al(NO 3 ) 3 (aq) 0.150 mle AlCl3 3 mle AgCl 143.31 g AgCl 0.030 L L 1 mle AlCl 1 mle AgCl 3 = 1.94 g AgCl 0.100 mle AgNO3 1 mle AgCl 143.31 g AgCl 0.015 L L 1 mle AgNO 1 mle AgCl 3 = 0.15 g AgCl limiting 8. A 10.00 ml sample f barium hydride slutin was titrated with 31.4 ml f 0.150 M HCl. Calculate the mlarity f the barium hydride slutin. HCl(aq) + Ba(OH) (aq) BaCl (aq) + H O(l) 0.150 mle HCl 0.0314 L L 0.01000 L 1 mle Ba(OH) mle HCl = 0.1953 Ba(OH)
9. Calcium in bld is determined by precipitating calcium alate, CaC O 4, fllwed by disslving in acid and titrating the alic acid (H C O 4 ) with KMnO 4 : 5 H C O 4 (aq) + MnO 4 (aq) + 6 H + (aq) 10 CO (g) + Mn + (aq) + 8 H O(l) What is the cncentratin f Ca + (mg/dl) in a 10.0 ml sample f bld if 10.54 ml f 9.88 10 4 M KMnO 4 slutin is needed fr the titratin. 4 9.88 10 mle KMnO4 1 mle MnO4 5 mle HCO4 0.01054 L L 1 mle KMnO4 mle MnO4 0.01000 L + + 1 mle Ca 40.078 g Ca 1000 mg 1 L + 1 mle H C O 1 mle Ca 1g 10 dl 4 = 10.4 mg/dl 10. Acetylene is a gas used as a fuel fr sme welding trches. If 0.5 L f acetylene has a pressure f 184 trr, what is the pressure (in atms) if the vlume is decreased t 0.39 L? Byles Law: P 1 1 = P ; P P 1 1 3. atm 1 atm 184 trr 0.5 L 760 trr 0.39 L 11. A sample f carbn diide has a vlume f 19.4 L at 10.8 C. What is the vlume f the same sample f carbn diide at 14.6 C. Charles Law: ; 1 1 19.4 L (14.6 + 73.15) K 1 19.7 L 1 (10.8 + 73.15) K 1. A balln at 3 C cntains 0.3 mles f helium gas at 43 trr. he vlume f the helium is.43 L. If an additinal 0.14 mle f He is injected int the balln while hlding the temperature and pressure cnstant, what is the vlume f the balln? 1 n.43 L 0.46 mle 1 Avgadr s Law: ; n1 n n 1 0.3 mle 3.5 L 13. A sample f Ar has a pressure f 0.63 atm at 6.4 C and a vlume f 0.79 L. If the temperature is lwered by 5. C and the pressure is increased t 0.96 atm, what is the new vlume? L P P ; 1 1 1 0.63 atm0.79 L (6.4 5.) + 73.15 P P 0.96 atm 6.4+ 73.15 1 1 0.53 1
14. Magnesium metal reacts with hydrchlric acid t prduce magnesium chlride and hydrgen gas. What mass f Mg reacted with ecess hydrchlric acid if 55 ml f hydrgen gas is prduced at 756.4 trr and 5.0 C? 1 atm P 756.4 trr 3.76 trr 0.9640 atm 760 trr 1 L 55 ml 0.55 L 1000 ml n? R 0.0806 Latm mle K 5.0 C + 73.15 = 98.15K P = nr P n R 0.9640 atm0.55 L Latm 0.0806 98.15 K mle K = 0.01005 mle H Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl (aq) + H (g) 1 mle Mg 4.305 g Mg 0.01005 mle H 1 mle H 1 mle Mg = 0.44 g Mg 15. Styrene ide is a fairly simple armatic rganic cmpund that has a pleasant dr and is ften used in the perfume industry. If.07 g f the cmpund is vaprized cmpletely int a clsed 1.04 L flask at 435 ºC, the pressure in the flask is fund t be 735 trr. Calculate the frmula weight f styrene ide. 1 atm P 735 trr 760 trr 1.04 L g.07 g R 0.0806 Latm mle K 0.967 atm 435 C + 73.15 = 708.15 K FW? gr P FW
Latm.07 g 0.0806 708.15 K gr mle K FW = 10 g/mle P 0.967 atm1.04 L (3 sig. figs.) 16. a. A sample f dichlrethane, a dry cleaning slvent, is vaprized int a 66.4 ml flask at 99.8 C. Sme f the sample leaves the flask thrugh a pinhle thrugh the stpper until the pressure in the flask is the same as the utside pressure. A barmeter shws the pressure t be 745.3 trr. When the flask is cled, the mass f dichlrethane in the flask is measured t be 0.8447 g. Calculate the frmula weight f dichlrethane. 1 atm P 745.3 trr 760 trr 1 L 66.4 ml 1000 ml g 0.8447 g R 0.0806 Latm mle K 0.9807 atm 0.664 L 99.8 C + 73.15 = 37.95 K FW? gr P FW Latm gr FW = 98.95 g/ml P 0.9807 atm 0.664 L 0.8447 g0.0806 37.95 K mle K b. Is the frmula f dichlrethane CH Cl, C H 4 Cl, r C 4 H 8 Cl? 84.933 g/mle, 98.960 g/mle, 17.014 g/mle 17. Dibrane, B H 6, is a highly eplsive cmpund frmed by the reactin 3 NaBH 4 (s) + 4 BF 3 (g) B H 6 (g) + 3 NaBF 4 (s) What mass f NaBH 4 is required t give 1.00 L f dibrane at 0.0 C and 1.00 atm? P n? 1.00 atm 1.00 L
R Latm 0.0806 mle K 0.0 C + 73.15 = 73.15 K P = nr n P R 1.00 atm1.00 L Latm 0.0806 73.15 K mle K = 0.0446 mle B H 6 3 mle NaBH4 37.833 g NaBH4 0.0446 mle BH 6 mle B H 1 mle NaBH =.53 g NaBH 4 6 4 18. Fr the reactin, as written: S 8 (s) + 8 O (g) 8 SO (g) H = 368 kj a. Hw much heat is evlved when 5 mles f sulfur is burned in ecess ygen? 368 kj 5 mle S 8 1 mle S 8 = 5.9 10 4 kj b. Hw much heat is evlved when 75 grams f sulfur is burned in ecess ygen? 1 mle S 368 kj 8 75 g S 8 56.5 g S8 1 mle S8 =.54 10 3 kj c. Hw much heat is evlved when 150.0 grams f sulfur diide is prduced? 1 mle SO 1 mle S 368 kj 8 150.0 g SO 64.063 g SO 8 mle SO 1 mle S8 = 693.1 kj 19. In a calrimetry eperiment, 0.177 g f Mg ribbn was added t 00.0 ml 0.500 M HCl at 4.1 C. he water temperature increased t 7.10 C. Calculate H fr this reactin, as perfrmed, and H per mle f HCl. J g C H = 493.66 J H C (m HO s HO) (00.0 g 4.184 )(7.10 C 4.1 C) Mg(s) + HCl(aq) MgCl (s) + H (g)
1 mle Mg mle HCl 0.177 g Mg 4.305 g Mg 1 mle Mg = 0.0105 mle HCl needed 0.500 mle HCl 0.000 L L = 0.100 mle HCl available; Mg limiting 493.66 J H 37,491 J/mle = 37 kj/mle HCl 0.0105 mle HCl 0. A.50 g sample f sucrse (C 1 H O 11 ) was burned in ecess ygen in a calrimeter which cntained.19 kg f water. he temperature f the water increased frm 0.50 C t 5.01 C. Determine the mlar heat f cmbustin f sucrse. C 1 H O 11 (s) + 1 O (g) 1 CO (g) + 11 H O(g) J g C H = 41,34.9 J H C (m HO s HO) (190 g 4.184 )(5.01 C 0.50 C) 1 mle C H O 1 11.50 g C1HO 11 = 7.30 10 3 mle C 1 H O 11 34.97 g C 1 H O 11 41,34.9 J H 5,658,16.51 J/mle 3 7.30 10 mle C1H O11 = 5.66 10 3 kj/mle C 1 H O 11 1. he burning f 5.08 g benzene (C 6 H 6 ) releases enugh heat t raise the temperature f 5.00 kg f water frm 10.1 C t 19.6 C. Calculate the mlar heat f cmbustin f benzene. C 6 H 6 (l) + 15 O (g) 1 CO (g) + 6 H O(g) J g C H = 198,740 J H C (m HO s HO) (5000 g 4.184 )(19.6 C 10.1 C) 1 mle C H 6 6 5.08 g C6H 6 = 0.065 mle C 6 H 6 78.114 g C 6 H 6 198,740 J H 3,055,979.6 J/mle = 3.1 10 3 kj/mle C 6 H 6 0.065 mle C H 6 6
. Given the fllwing equatins and H values, H H 3 BO 3 (aq) HBO (aq) + H O(l) 0.0 kj H B 4 O 7 (s) + H O(l) 4 HBO (aq) 11.3 kj H B 4 O 7 (s) B O 3 (s) + H O(l) +17.5 kj calculate H rn fr the fllwing reactin: H 3 BO 3 (aq) B O 3 (s) + 3 H O(l) H 3 BO 3 (aq) HBO (aq) + H O(l) ( 0.0 kj) HBO (aq) 1/ H B 4 O 7 (s) + 1/ H O(l) ½( 11.3 kj) 1/ H B 4 O 7 (s) B O 3 (s) + 1/ H O(l) ½(+17.5 kj) +14.4 kj 3. he fllwing reactin is ne that ccurs in a blast furnace when irn is etracted frm its res: Fe O 3 (s) + 3 CO(g) Fe(s) + 3 CO (g) find H rn fr this reactin given the fllwing infrmatin: H 3 Fe O 3 (s) + CO(g) Fe 3 O 4 (s) + CO (g) 46.4 kj FeO(s) + CO(g) Fe(s) + CO (g) 9.0 kj Fe 3 O 4 (s) + CO(g) 3 FeO(s) + CO (g) 41.0 kj Fe O 3 (s) + 1/3 CO(g) /3 Fe 3 O 4 (s) + 1/3 CO (g) 1/3( 46.4 kj) FeO(s) + CO(g) Fe(s) + CO (g) (9.0 kj) /3 Fe 3 O 4 (s) + /3 CO(g) 6/3 FeO(s) + /3 CO (g) /3( 41.0 kj) 4.8 kj 4. Calculate H rn fr the fllwing reactin: C H 4 (g) + H (g) C H 6 (g) frm the fllwing infrmatin: H C H 4 (g) + 3 O (g) CO (g) + H O(l) 1401 kj
C H 6 (g) + 7/ O (g) CO (g) + 3 H O(l) 1550 kj H (g) + 1/ O (g) H O(l) 86 kj C H 4 (g) + 3 O (g) CO (g) + H O(l) 1401 kj CO (g) + 3 H O(l) C H 6 (g) + 7/ O (g) ( 1550 kj) H (g) + 1/ O (g) H O(l) 86 kj 137 kj 5. Give the frmatin reactins fr the fllwing cmpunds: Al O 3, NH 3, N O 5, C H 3 Cl. Al(s) + 3/ O (g) Al O 3 (s) 1/ N (g) + 3/ H (g) NH 3 (g) N (g) + 5/ O (g) N O 5 (g) C(s) + 3/ H (g) + 1/ Cl (g) C H 3 Cl(l)