Please do not write on this test packet. 1. The diagram below shows the index minerals of Mohs hardness scale compared with the hardness of some common objects. 2. Base your answer to the following question on Moh's mineral hardness scale and on the chart below showing the approximate hardness of some common objects. The hardness of these minerals is most closely related to the A) mineral's color B) mineral's abundance in nature C) amount of iron the mineral contains D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms Which statement is best supported by the diagram? A) A fingernail will scratch calcite but not gypsum. B) Calcite will be scratched by a copper penny. C) The mineral apatite will scratch topaz. D) A steel file has a hardness of about 7.5. Page 1
Base your answers to questions 3 and 4 on the diagram below, which shows the results of three different physical tests, A, B, and C, that were performed on a mineral. 7. The diagram below shows how a sample of the mineral mica breaks when hit with a rock hammer. This mineral breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because it 3. Which mineral was tested? A) amphibole B) quartz C) galena D) graphite 4. The luster of this mineral could be determined by A) using an electronic balance B) using a graduated cylinder C) observing how light reflects from the surface of the mineral D) observing what happens when acid is placed on the mineral 5. Which mineral will scratch fluorite, galena, and pyroxene? A) graphite B) calcite C) olivine D) dolomite 6. Two minerals made of pure carbon are diamond and graphite. Which statement best explains why diamond is so much more resistant to scratching than graphite? A) The atoms are lighter in graphite than in diamond. B) The atoms are heavier in graphite than in diamond. C) The atoms are bonded together more strongly in diamond than in graphite. D) The atoms are smaller in graphite than in diamond. A) is very hard B) is very dense C) contains large amounts of iron D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 8. Which characteristic do samples of the mineral pyroxene normally exhibit? A) yellow to amber color B) bubbling in hydrochloric acid C) cleaves at 56 and 124 D) hardness of 5 to 6 9. Differences in hardness between minerals are most likely caused by the A) internal arrangement of atoms B) external arrangement of flat surfaces C) number of pointed edges D) member of cleavage planes 10. Halite has three cleavage directions at 90º to each other. Which model best represents the shape of a broken sample of halite? A) B) C) D) Page 2
11. A mineral's physical characteristics, such as hardness, cleavage, and luster, are dependent on the A) size of the mineral sample B) age of the mineral sample C) method by which the mineral sample was broken D) internal arrangement of the mineral's atoms 12. Scratching a mineral against a glass plate and rubbing a mineral on a streak plate are helpful procedures for determining a mineral s A) density B) identity C) cleavage D) internal atomic structure 13. An unidentified mineral that is softer than calcite exhibits a metallic luster and cubic cleavage. This mineral most likely is A) galena B) pyrite C) halite D) pyroxene 14. Which mineral has a metallic luster, a black streak, and is an ore of iron? A) galena B) magnetite C) pyroxene D) graphite 15. Which of the following elements is not found in Plagioclase Feldspar? A) Na B) Al C) Si D) Pb 16. The diagram below represents the mass and volume of a mineral sample being measured. These measurements were used to determine the density of the mineral sample. What is the density of this mineral sample? A) 6 g/ml B) 24 g/ml C) 34 g/ml D) 60 g/ml Page 3
17. The photograph below shows a broken piece of the mineral calcite. 26. The photograph below shows a piece of halite that has been recently broken. The calcite breaks in smooth, flat surfaces because calcite A) is very dense B) is very soft C) contains certain impurities D) has a regular arrangement of atoms 18. Which mineral is commonly used as a food additive? A) calcite B) talc C) halite D) fluorite 19. The minerals talc, muscovite mica, quartz, and olivine are similar because they A) have the same hardness B) are the same color C) contain silicon and oxygen D) break along cleavage planes 20. The internal atomic structure of a mineral most likely determines the mineral's A) color, streak, and age B) origin, exposure, and fracture C) size, location, and luster D) hardness, cleavage, and crystal shape 21. Which mineral is the major component of drywall? A) talc B) calcite C) muscovite mica D) selenite gypsum 22. Igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks are usually composed of A) intergrown crystals B) fossils C) minerals D) sediments 23. Which element, found in both biotite mica and muscovite mica, makes up the greatest percent by volume of Earth's crust? A) nitrogen B) oxygen C) potassium D) silicon 24. Silicate minerals contain the elements silicon and oxygen. Which list contains only silicate materials? A) graphite, talc, and selenite gypsum B) potassium feldspar, quartz, and amphibole C) calcite, dolomite, and pyroxene D) biotite mica, fluorite, and garnet 25. A mineral s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral s A) hardness B) abundance in nature C) arrangement of atoms D) exposure to the hydrosphere and atmosphere Which physical property of halite is demonstrated by this pattern of breakage? A) hardness B) streak C) cleavage D) luster 27. The cleavage or fracture of a mineral is normally determined by the mineral's A) density B) oxygen content C) internal arrangement of atoms D) position among surrounding minerals Page 4
28. Base your answer to the following question on the two tables below and on your knowledge of Earth science. Table 1 shows the composition, hardness, and average density of four minerals often used as gemstones. Table 2 lists the minerals in Moh's Scale of Hardness from 1 (softest) to 10 (hardest). The hardness and density of each gemstone is based primarily on the gemstone s A) internal arrangement of atoms B) geologic time of formation C) oxygen content D) natural abundance 29. Although diamonds and graphite both consist of the element carbon, their physical properties are very different. The most likely explanation for these differences is that A) the internal arrangement of carbon atoms is different in each mineral B) graphite contains impurities not found in diamonds C) graphite contains radioactive carbon-14 but diamonds do not D) diamonds contain silicate tetrahedra but graphite does not 30. Which mineral shows no cleavage, has a hardness of 7, and a composition of SiO2? A) Graphite B) Garnet C) Halite D) Quartz 31. Which material is made mostly of the mineral quartz? A) sulfuric acid B) pencil lead C) plaster of paris D) window glass 32. The diagrams below show the crystal shapes of two minerals. Quartz and halite have different crystal shapes primarily because A) light reflects from crystal surfaces B) energy is released during crystallization C) of impurities that produce surface variations D) of the internal arrangement of the atoms 33. Which two properties are most useful in distinguishing between galena and halite? A) cleavage and color B) luster and color C) hardness and streak D) streak and cleavage 34. The mineral graphite is often used as A) a lubricant B) an abrasive C) a source of iron D) a cementing material Page 5
35. Which mineral has a greater hardness? A) Galena B) Olivine C) Garnet D) Biotite Mica 36. Which mineral has a hardness of 6, and shows cleavage? A) Olivine B) Talc C) Hematite D) Potassium Feldspar 37. Which mineral has a hardness of 2.5 3 and makes a good electrical insulator? A) Pyroxene B) Biotite Mica C) Gypsum D) Magnetite 38. Base your answer to the following question on the data table below and on your knowledge of Earth science. The table provides information about four minerals, A through D. Which mineral can scratch A, B, and C, but can not scratch D? A) talc B) selenite gypsum C) fluorite D) quartz 39. The graph below shows the hardness of four minerals. Which mineral is hard enough to scratch calcite but is not hard enough to scratch amphibole? A) muscovite mica B) fluorite C) olivine D) graphite Page 6
40. The table below shows some properties of four different minerals. The minerals listed in the table are varieties of which mineral? A) garnet B) magnetite C) quartz D) olivine 41. Which mineral is composed of Calcium and Fluorine? A) Amphiboles B) Calcite C) Hematite D) Fluorite 42. A human fingernail has a hardness of approximately 2.5. Which two minerals are softer than a human fingernail? A) calcite and halite B) sulfur and fluorite C) graphite and talc D) pyrite and magnetite 43. The diagram below shows a broken crystal of the mineral halite The shape of the halite crystal is a direct result of the A) internal arrangement of the atoms in the crystal B) emperature at which the crystal formed C) type of surface on which the crystal formed D) stream erosion that changed the crystal Page 7
Earth Science[Minerals Test[4/23/2015]]- Eduware Classification Total Questions: 43 9.THE FORMATION OF ROCKS (43) 9.A.Minerals (43) 9.A.ii.Characteristics (37) 9.A.ii.a.Physical and Chemical Properties (22) 9.A.ii.c.Structure (12) 9.A.ii.b.Chemical Composition (3) 9.A.i.Composition (6)
Answer Key Minerals Test 1. B 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. C 7. D 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. D 16. A 17. D 18. C 19. C 20. D 21. D 22. C 23. B 24. B 25. C 26. C 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. D 31. D 32. D 33. B 34. A 35. C 36. D 37. B 38. C 39. B 40. C 41. D 42. C 43. A Page 9