Chemistry 101
Matter - Anything that takes up space and has mass. Law of Conservation of Matter / Mass - Matter is never created nor destroyed, BUT its form can change. Forms of matter : solid, liquid, gas.
Which shows the molecules of matter as a solid, liquid and gas?
Atoms smallest particle of matter, building block of matter. Nucleus: Protons: Positive (+) charge Neutrons: Electrons Negative charge (-) Neutral charge
Parts of an Atom Example of a Nitrogen atom Nucleus: Protons : + charged Neutrons : Neutral Electrons : - charges Atomic Mass = # of Protons + # of Neutrons Atomic Number = # of Protons # of Electrons = # of Protons Which is smaller, an atom or molecule?
Element A substance made of one atom that cannot be broken down into any other substance. Elements are found on the Periodic Table (Ex. Carbon, Oxygen ) @110 known elements Element Song
Color Distinctive and can be used to describe a substance. Physical Properties (Characteristics) Usually visible - How something looks, smells, sounds, or tastes are all examples of physical properties. Melting Point temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid. Ice melts at 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Fahrenheit. Boiling Point temperature at which a liquid turns to a gas and forms bubbles. Water boils at 100 degrees Celsius and 212 degrees Fahrenheit. Density Heaviness or mass of volume & will stay the same no matter how large or small. Ex. Lead is heavy and dense / Aluminum is lighter and less dense.
Argon Ar Melting Point: -308.74 F Boiling Point: -302.8 F
Sodium Na Melting Point: 207.9 F Boiling Point: 1621 F
COPPER Cu Melting Pt: 1981.4 F Boiling Pt: 4652.6 F
Chemical Properties can only be recognized when substances react chemically with one another. Ability to rust reacts with oxygen and water slowly. Ability to burn reacts with oxygen quickly and releases heat and light energy. The matter has NOT been destroyed when they rust or burn, the form has just changed!!!!
Review 1. Which kind of property can you normally observe using your senses? 2. What are 2 chemical properties? 3. The heaviness of an item is known as. 4. The temperature at which a solid turns to a liquid is known as the point of that substance.
Matter Solid, liquid, gas Pure Substances Mixture separated by physical means Elements Compounds Separated by chemical means Heterogeneous
Compound A substance made of 2 or more different elements that can only be separated chemically. (Ex. Carbon Dioxide, Water) Molecule 2 or more atoms that combine.
Which is an element and which is a compound? 1. Silver Metal 2. Table Salt 3. Oxygen 4. Stainless Steel 5. Iron 6. Water
Matter Solid, liquid, gas Pure Substances Mixture separated by physical means Elements Compounds Separated by chemical means Heterogeneous
Define: Mixture - Heterogeneous Mixture- Homogeneous Mixture- Solution -
Mixture 2 or more substances put together physically. (Ex. Salad, mixed beans, Kool-aid)
Matter Solid, liquid, gas Pure Substances Mixture separated by physical means Elements Compounds Separated by chemical means Heterogeneous
Heterogeneous Mixtures heterogeneous mixture - the substances are not mixed evenly The substances in a heterogeneous mixture are usually easy to tell apart.
Homogeneous Mixtures A homogeneous mixture contains two or more substances that are evenly mixed & can t easily be seen. A type of homogeneous mixture is a solution.
Define solute and solvent. Solutions - mixtures where 1 substance is dissolved into another. In a hummingbird feeder solution, the solute is the sugar and the solvent is water.
Homogeneous or heterogeneous? 1. Chicken soup 2. Creamy peanut butter 3. Vegetable soup 4. Jello 5. Coffee 6. Smog
Atoms form Molecules
Classify the following as an element, compound, or mixture: 1. Gold ring 2. Sugar 3. Salad dressing 4. Helium 5. Sand
Intermission 1. Anything that takes up space and has mass is known as. 2. Everything living and non-living is made of. 3. How are compounds formed? 4. How are elements formed? 5. The only way compounds can be changed is by changes.
Intermission 6. A mixture where the substances are not mixed evenly is known as a heterogeneous or homogeneous mixture? 7. A solution is a type of mixture. 8. If you mixed Koolaid, which part would the water be considered?