theguardian.com Martin Elvis Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
Antonucci and Miller 1985 (1) Feedback needs 5% of AGN Hopkins et al. 2007 power deposited in Host ISM to stop star formation (2) Unified Scheme blocks 80% of AGN power to make Type 2 AGNs
Feedback assumes boiling off of ISM Unified Scheme assumes uniformity
Hopkins & Elvis, 2010, MNRAS, 401, 7
obscuration associated with Host Disk Lawrence & Elvis Malkan 1982 ApJ et al., 256, 1998 410 Keel 1980 Lawrence & Elvis 1982 de Zotti & Gaskell 1985 Thompson & Martin 1988 Kirhakos & Steiner 1990a,b Maiolino & Rieke 1995 Simcoe et al. 1997 Malkan et al. 1998 Risaliti et al 2006 log(hβ/l X ) Hβ absorbed See also: Smajic 2011: NGC7172 Edge-on Face-on See also Van der Laan: starburst rings
4:1 ratio required by: Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 X-ray background 1. X-ray Background (Gilli et al. 2007) 2. Bi-cone opening Angles +/- ~25 o Type 1 Type 2 Tadhunter & Tsvetanov 1989 Nature 341, 422
Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 Type 2 fraction No LINERS ~1:1 Type 2:type 1 ratio L(Bol)
Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 No LINERS Type 2 fraction L(Bol)
1 day NGC 1365 Suzaku Maiolino et al. 2010 N H Covering Factor
Risaliti, Elvis & Nicastro, 2002 N H variable in 23/25 AGNs Timescales of months to years
Das et al. 2005 Optical/X-ray mismatch of types
Elvis et al. 1994 ApJS, 95, 1 Major fraction high covering factor at 1-100 x r(dust sublimation) Radio IR Opt/UV EUV X-ray Dust emission accre(on disk α ox Peak~10µm T~200K Large Area ~10,000 A Short limit~1µm T~2000K Small area, A 18
Covering factor = L(Hot Dust)/L(Disk) Factor ~5 Unification: not so simple Don t over-average. >1 AGN IR template IR Bump 1 µm 40µm UV Bump 1 dex Roseboom et al. 2013 MNRAS, 429, 1494
Martin Elvis. 18 October 2008 Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 Absorbers/re-emitters Emitters Aligned with host Host Narrow Emission Lines (NELR) bicones Realignment? Cool Hot Dust Dust Broad Emission Lines (BELR) Low Aligned with disk Warm Absorber High Black Hole X-ray Continuum Optical/UV continuum
Isotropic accretion events Minor mergers, molecular clouds Volonteri et al. 2007 Warped Disks - Observed Low warps allow feedback Event dependent Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 NGC4258 Maser also Circinus Gal Center? NGC1068 CO disk Schinnerer et al. 2000 Rijkhorst et al. 2005
Predicts Observed: 1:1 Type1:Type2 ratio Jet-obscurer axis misalignments Correct distribution of type1 covering factor Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 Roseboom et al. 2013, MNRAS Type 1 Warped disk prediction
Feedback needs 5% of AGN power deposited in Host ISM to stop star formation Unified Scheme has 80% of AGN power blocked to make Type 2 AGNs Hopkins & Elvis, 2009, MNRAS, 401, 7 Lawrence & Elvis 2010, ApJ 714, 561 Roseboom, Lawrence, Elvis, Petty, Shen & Hao, 2013, MNRAS, 429, 1494
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Disk Tearing Nixon et al. 2012ApJ...757L..24N Isotropic accretion events misaligned disk black hole axes Bardeen-Petterson disk warping: vertical viscosty runaway warps r(inner) ~ 100-300 rg r(outer) ~ few pc counter-rotating: angular momentum cancels feeding
Donut Torus? Just say warps Rijkhorst et al. 2005