Scientific Revolution and the Enlightenment Introduction
Background What did the Renaissance do? The Renaissance sparked interest and curiosity about many things, allowing people to start to think for themselves What did the Reformation question? The Reformation led people to question and challenge the original views of God, the church, and salvation
At the same time as the Reformation Individuals began to challenge the way people viewed their place in the Universe. This became known as the Scientific Revolution.
What was the Scientific Revolution? The Scientific Revolution was a new way of thinking about the natural world. Based on: careful observation of nature a willingness to question widely accepted beliefs Reason Result: the expansion of scientific knowledge
How did they come up with these Scientific Method Created by Aristotle A logical procedure for gathering and testing ideas ideas?
Scientists of the Scientific Revolution Need to know for the SOLs Isaac Newton Nicolas Copernicus Johannes Kepler Galileo Galilei William Harvey Aristotle Rene Descartes
Processing What was the Scientific Revolution? What are two things the Scientific Revolution is based on?
The Enlightenment What was the Enlightenment? An intellectual movement where enlightenment thinkers tried to apply reason and scientific methods to the HUMAN world as well as to the rest of the natural world People wanted to build a society around the ideas of the Scientific Revolution
Examples of Enlightenment Ideas Freedom of speech Separation of powers: government should be divided on different levels so that no one level has all the power Example: England has a monarch and a Parliament Natural rights: life, liberty, property Freedom of religion
How did the movement spread? Salons wealthy women and men would gather to discuss ideas Encyclopedias published many Enlightenment ideas Pamphlets and newspapers helped to spread the word about new ideas
Enlightenment Thinkers Need to know for the SOLs John Locke Montesquieu Voltaire Beccaria Thomas Hobbes Jean- Jacques Rousseau Thomas Jefferson Mary Wollstonecraft
Results of the Enlightenment Stimulated religious tolerance Helped to start democratic revolutions around the world Rise of individualism thinking for yourself Rise of a more secular or worldly outlook
Speed Dating Starting next class, we are going to be researching for our speed- dating activity You and a partner will research and then become one of the individuals from either the Scientific Revolution or the Enlightenment Each of you will be responsible for being that person in a round of speed dating why would someone want to choose you to be the best influence on their country? J
Bellringer Sit at the tables in the center of the classroom. Take out your notes from last class Complete the Processing questions from your sheet. BJOTD: Why did the bank robber go see a chiropractor?
Leaders of the Scientific Revolution
Nicolaus Copernicus 1500s Did not agree with the geocentric model of the universe First to study the idea that the sun was at the center of the universe After 25 years, Copernicus proved that the sun was in the center of the stars and other planets Called the heliocentric theory sun- centered
Johannes Kepler 1600s Kepler expanded on Copernicus ideas he wanted to know why and how the planets orbit the way they do Proved that the planets revolve around the sun in elliptical orbits instead of perfect circles
Galileo Galilei 1500-1600 1609 he used a telescope to study the heavens 1610 wrote Starry Messenger, which described his observations Confirmed Copernicus theory of a heliocentric universe
Galileo Tidbits Galileo's ideas went against the church, so he was encouraged not to publish his book Taken to court by the Church and put to torture Under torture, he lied and claimed that Copernicus ideas were wrong Jailed until his death, but his ideas still spread.
Isaac Newton By 24, Newton was certain all physical objects on Earth and in space were equally affected by the same forces His big idea: linking motion in the heaven with motion on earth Called the Law of Universal Gravitation Every object in the Universe attracts every other object. The amount of attraction depends on the mass of the object and the distance between them.
William Harvey 1600s Wrote On the Motion of the Heart and Blood in Animals Showed the heart acts as a pump to circulate the blood throughout the body Described the function of blood vessels
Other Important Inventions Microscope Edward Jenner invented a vaccine for Smallpox First Fahrenheit Thermometer
Processing Which innovation do you feel was the most important, and why?