MICHIGAN STATE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE OF GSMTS
30-M PROJECTS GIANT MAGELLAN TELESCOPE (GMT) 7 mirrors, 8.5 m (24.5M eff. diameter) Chile THIRTY METER TELESCOPE (TMT) 30 m, segmented primary Canary Islands or Maunakea EUROPEAN EXTREMELY LARGE TELESCOPE (E-ELT) 39 m, segmented segmented Chile
INSTRUMENTATION TABLE EARLY-LIGHT INSTRUMENTS UNDERLINED & HIGHLIGHTED Type of Instrument GMT TMT E-ELT Near-IR, AO-assisted Imager + IFU GMTIFS IRIS HARMONI Wide-Field, Optical Multi-Object Spectrometer GMACS WFOS MOSAIC- HMM Near-IR Multislit Spectrometer NIRMOS IRMS MOSAIC- HMM Deployable, Multi-IFU Imaging Spectrometer IRMOS MOSAIC- HDM Mid-IR, AO-assisted Echelle MIRES METIS Spectrometer High-Contrast Exoplanet Imager TIGER PFI EPICS Near-IR, AO-assisted Echelle GMTNIRS NIRES SIMPLE Spectrometer High-Resolution Optical G-CLEF HROS HIRES Spectrometer Wide -Field AO-assisted Imager WIRC MICADO courtesy Luc Simard, via Mark Dickinson
ANGULAR RESOLUTION WITH ADAPTIVE OPTICS AND LARGE APERTURE Natural 0.5 HST 0.2 JWST 0.07 GMT 0.02 GMT Science Book
SPECTROSCOPIC SENSITIVITY 20-hr I-band spectroscopic limits for large telescopes Large telescopes will be able to study many LSST detections 5-sigma limits for some extragalactic imaging surveys GMT Science Book
RESOLUTION AND DISCOVERY SPACE Adap%ve Op%cs required Slide content from M.Dickinson/TMT
LARGE TELESCOPES Take us from colors to precision, from consistency checks to verification radial velocities of planets, of stars near central black holes, of the most distant galaxies abundances: yields of neutron star mergers, Pop III supernovae captured in low-metallicity stars, intergalactic gas metallicities sensitivity to diffuse gas (emission & absorption lines) Capture high S/N observations of distant, faint, and/or short-lived radiation sources. Explore a larger volume of the local universe, resolved study of not only more sources, but rarer and more extreme sources
ASTRO-SCIENCE HEADLINES OF 2020-2030? Precious metals created by neutron-star mergers Biology on other worlds: Ozone detected in the atmosphere of an Earth-like planet Astronomical records: most distant galaxy in the universe/most massive black hole/most massive star/smallest planet Surprises? The nature of dark matter and dark energy? Non-equilibrium biology on a planet unlike Earth? Slide graphic courtesy Rebecca Bernstein/GMT
GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS supermassive black holes baryons/gas baryons/stars dark matter How do galaxies form and regulate their own growth?
CLUSTERS AND GROUPS OF GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS baryons supermassive black holes stars dark matter
GALAXIES AS SYSTEMS supermassive black holes baryons stars dark matter
IGM TOMOGRAPHY TMT/WFOS spectroscopy down to R=24.5 with spectral resolution 5000 and S/N>30 100x more background galaxies than QSOs. Graphics from TMT
CIRCUMGALACTIC GAS IN EMISSION Donahue+15, Tremblay+15 Low-redshift (z~0.3) brightest cluster galaxies in rest-frame UV
THE EARLY UNIVERSE <200 pc at any redshift and ~10 pc or better when taking advantage of gravitationally-lensed galaxies Gravitationally-lensed galaxy at z~3
RESOLVED STELLAR POPULATIONS TO THE VIRGO CLUSTER Keck AO: Brightest AGB Stars TMT IRIS: Red Giant Branch Stars MDickinson/TMT
NEARBY GALAXIES: ANDROMEDA MDickinson/TMT
SCIENCE WITH GSMTS CLOSING THOUGHTS: THE ROLE OF SIMULATIONS, OBSERVATIONS AND THEORY Understanding how galaxy evolution happens requires watching the circumgalactic medium In simulations, the CGM varies wildly from one feedback prescription to the next, while getting the same solution for the stars Infall, outflow, AND recycling are features. Production, delivery and mixing of energy & metals are open questions in the simulations and in observations