Land and Water Summative Assessment Name Date Read each question carefully and select the best answer. 1. Abby built a model to study how rain changes the land. She shaped the land into single, smooth block, 20 centimeters long. Abby shaped and measured the block for each experiment. INQC Which explains why Abby shaped and measured the block? a. Clean and neat is important in science lab. b. Scientists measure with centimeter rules. c. It s important to conduct a fair test. d. Wet soil becomes soft and hard to shape. Use the picture below to answer questions 2 and 3. 2. Describe what is happening in the picture. ES2E 3. What is a possible solution to this problem?
ES2E 4. As fast moving water begins to slow down, gravel will settle out and go to the bottom of the stream first. As the flow of the water continues to decrease, which type of particle will settle to the bottom next? a. Clay b. Humus c. Sand d. Silt ES2E 5. On a hillside, which type of soil would be least able to reduce water runoff during a sudden heavy rainstorm? a. Gravel b. Humus c. Sand d. Clay ES2E 6. It s raining. The rain is hard and fast. On a hillside, which soil best protects the soil from runoff? a. Clay b. Gravel c. Humus d. Sand ES2B 7. How does freezing water cause the weathering of rocks? a. It holds them in place b. It makes them thicker c. It makes them longer d. It cracks them 8. Which would slow erosion? a. Planting grass along the hillside b. Putting up a wooden fence c. Building a hiking trail d. Cutting down older trees
Look at these drawings of two rivers. Use the drawings to answer questions 9 11. 9. Where is the water moving more slowly? a. 1 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 4 d. 4 10. Where in the drawings is erosion happening? a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 4 and 1 ES2D 11. Which of these happens when water slows down in a river? a. Sediment builds up. b. Riverbanks become steeper c. Riverbeds become deeper. d. More sediment gets carried away. 12. Which of these describe a fast moving stream? a. 1 and 2 b. 2 and 3 c. 3 and 4 d. 4 and 1
13. Stream 1 is located on flat land. Stream 2 is located on land that is sloped. Would Stream 1 or Stream 2 erode more soil? Explain your answer. 14. A town built a dam on a river. How might a dam help the town? APPA a. 1 b. 1 and 2 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 1, 2, 3 and 4 15. What is the difference between weathering and erosion? ES2B INQF 16. The stream table you built is a model of the interaction between land and water. Which of the following choices completes the statement about models that is true? Models are the real thing. a. a smaller version of b. exactly like c. easier to study in a classroom d. reproductions of complex things and are almost like
17. What does planting grass on a bare hill help conserve? How does it help? 18. Which of these is the reason why freshwater can be used again and again? a. Earth s water cycle b. Fast moving rivers c. Melting ice fields d. Rain and snowfall ES2D 19. The picture shows a stream that flows into the sea. The stream has two large bends in it and a delta where it enters the sea. Identify by labeling where the conditions listed below are located. A Slow moving water B Fast moving water C Erosion D Deposition
Look at the drawing below. Use it to answer questions 1 5. 20. What would be the best title for the drawing? a. How Water is Made b. Types of Erosion c. How Water Travels d. Types of Clouds Refer to the diagram above to correctly identify each of the following parts of the water cycle. Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Runoff 21. Which describes what is happening at arrow 1? 22. Which describes what is happening at arrow 2? 23. Which describes what is happening at arrow 3? 24. Which describes what is happening at arrow 4? 25. How does the water in the lake evaporate? a. Clouds make the lake water disappear. b. Wind blows the lake water onto the land. c. The sun heats up the lake water. d. The lake water seeps into the ground.
Use the picture of the water cycle to help match the terms with their meaning. Place the letter that is next to the term in front of the definition that it matches. Word Box: A. Groundwater B. Water Table C. Surface runoff D. Evaporation E. Precipitation F. Condensation Water changes from liquid to gas as it goes up into the atmosphere. Water changes from gas to liquid to form a cloud. Water falls to the ground as rain, snow, sleet, or hail. Water that moves over the ground without soaking in. Water that collects below the earth s surface. The upper level of water stored below the earth s surface.