Oxford Cambridge and RSA Wednesday 21 June 2017 Afternoon GCSE HUMANITIES B032/01 Application of Knowledge *5986624494* Candidates answer on the Question Paper. OCR supplied materials: None Other materials required: None Duration: 1 hour 15 minutes * B 0 3 2 0 1 * INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes above. Please write clearly and in capital letters. Use black ink. Answer all the questions. Read each question carefully. Make sure you know what you have to do before starting your answer. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page(s) at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Do not write in the bar codes. INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. The total number of marks for this paper is 50. You will be awarded marks in questions 5, 11 and 12 for the quality of written communication of your answer. This document consists of 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated. [L/501/5667] DC (LM) 124423/2 OCR is an exempt Charity Turn over
2 SECTION A Analyse and Interpret Different Types of Evidence Answer all the questions. Document A Democracy in crisis Item removed due to third party copyright restrictions. Adapted from http://www.economist.com/news/essays.21596796
3 Document B The rise of China Item removed due to third party copyright restrictions. Adapted from http://www.economist.com/news/essays.21596796 Document C A crisis of representative democracy? The arrival of new anti-establishment parties has caused something of a crisis even in long standing democracies. The new parties are concerned with accountability, democracy and giving more power to voters. Voters increasingly see themselves being distanced from, or with little connection to, the established political parties that they traditionally voted for. If there is a crisis of representative democracy it should really be seen as a long decline in traditional party politics. As parties moved away from their old relationship with voters, the voters turned to support the growth of, often short-lived, new parties. Often, especially in newer democracies such as in Central and Eastern Europe, this distance is created by the corruption, real or imagined, of politicians in power. Some anti-establishment parties in Central and Eastern Europe see themselves as anti-corruption parties. In Central and Eastern Europe electoral uncertainty has been particularly high. The parties that emerged after the fall of communism failed to establish strong organisations or forge strong ties with voters. This uncertainty has led voters to turn to new parties of all kinds. Adapted from http://blogs.lse.ac.uk/europpblog/2013/08/29/ Turn over
4 Study Documents A, B and C and answer the questions that follow. 1 State what the people of Ukraine wanted when they protested against the government... [1] 2 State the difference between the satisfaction levels of the people of China and the people of the USA with their systems of government... [1] 3 Use Document C to explain why anti-establishment parties have become so well supported in emerging and long established democracies... [3] 4 Use the information in Documents A and B to consider whether there is a better alternative to democracy. Use the evidence from both sources... [5]
5 5 The real aim of democratic governments is to enable their voters to enjoy an improving lifestyle with safeguards for their freedom clearly in place. Using all the documents to support your answer, explain how far you agree or disagree with this statement. Use your knowledge of research methods in your answer... [6] Turn over
6 SECTION B Using Different Types and Forms of Evidence Answer all the questions. 6 (a) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of using visual sources such as paintings, cartoons and photographs as methods of data collection as a basis for social research.... [5] (b) Describe the strengths and weaknesses of using questionnaires as a method of data collection as a basis for social research.... [5]
7 SECTION C Assess the Reliability and Utility of Evidence and Reach Reasoned Conclusions Answer all the questions. Document D The Big Bang Theory The Big Bang Theory came about after astronomers observed that the galaxies in the Universe seem to be moving outward from a distinct centre point in space. They calculated that about 13.7 billion years ago, all of the stars of the galaxies seemed to have come from that point in space. The theory was that all the matter in the Universe was concentrated in a sphere that exploded to form the stars and galaxies. That explosion was the beginning of time and is called the Big Bang. This idea of the Universe being created at a specific time has religious implications. It points to the idea that God created the Universe and our Earth at that time. A number of religions describe this creation story in their Holy Books. On the other hand, if evidence shows that the Universe did not start at a specific time, the idea of God creating the Universe seems less likely. The Big Bang Theory has great religious implications for a Supreme Being creating the Universe. Many groups in the Christian, Jewish, Muslim, Buddhist and Hindu religions accept the Big Bang concept. Other religions, such as Fundamental Christians, some Buddhist and Hindu sects, as well as some atheist scientists, are opposed to it. The concept of the Universe being billions of years old is contrary to their belief that the Earth is less than 7000 years old. Adapted from http://www.schoolforchampions.com/religion/ Turn over
Document E 8 Conflicting views of the origin of the Universe There are two views of the origin of the Universe. One of these is the supernatural explanation set out in the book of Genesis and other religious writings. These writings state that God created the whole of creation during a six day period of time. The second view of the beginning of the Universe is wholly materialistic. Modern scientism prefers to grapple with its problems without appealing to God. The Big Bang concept alleges that some twenty billion years ago (give or take ten billion), all of the matter in the known Universe was tightly packed into a microscopic cosmic egg. Where the cosmic egg came from no one seems to know. Some allege that the egg always existed. They speculate that it possibly resulted from some earlier Universe that collapsed upon itself. This assumes that matter is eternal. But this is undermined by our knowledge of physics, particularly the second law of thermodynamics which states that matter cannot be destroyed or created, only changed. The Big Bang scenario speculates that our marvellously ordered Universe randomly resulted from a gigantic explosion. Never in the history of human experience has a chaotic explosion been observed producing a complicated system which works. Adapted from http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/133-big-bang-theory-vs-gods-word-the
Document F 9 The Oscillating Universe Theory One implication of the Big Bang Theory is that the Universe will grow cold and dark and die an ultimate heat death. This will happen if the Universe expands forever. This would be the outcome if the expansion of the Universe were what scientists call open. In a closed Universe this expansion will end and the Universe will contract. Although contraction would be very slow at first it would get faster until it ends in the Big Crunch, in which it gets crushed out of existence. Some scientists think that the Big Crunch would not be the end. They believe that another Big Bang could follow the Big Crunch. The idea that Big Bangs follow Big Crunches in a never-ending cycle is called an oscillating Universe. Although no theory has been developed to explain how this could ever happen, it has an appeal to people who like the idea of a Universe without end. The science that suggests the oscillating Universe theory is limited to natural explanations. It does not consider any supernatural explanations such as God creating the Universe and having the ability to affect its future. This theory is not very popular. All recent evidence shows that the Universe is not closed and will expand forever. Also this theory ignores the second law of thermodynamics, which requires usable energy to continually decrease so the Universe will end. Adapted from http://www.allaboutcreation.org/oscillating-universe-theory-faq.htm Study Document D and answer the following questions. 7 State how many years ago the Big Bang is thought to have happened... [1] 8 State how old the Earth is, according to fundamentalist Christians... [1] Study Documents E and F and answer the following question. 9 State two explanations, other than the Big Bang Theory, for the origin of the Universe... [2] Turn over
10 Study Document E and answer the following question. 10 Describe the major arguments for and against the Big Bang Theory being correct... [4] Study Document E and answer the following question. 11 Explain the uses and limitations of Document E to a researcher studying the conflicting views of the origin of the Universe... [6]
11 Study Documents D, E and F. Use the documents and your own knowledge of research methods and evidence to answer the following question. 12 None of the explanations put forward to explain the origin of the Universe has enough evidential support to make it convincing. To what extent do you agree and disagree with this statement? [10] END OF QUESTION PAPER
12 ADDITIONAL ANSWER SPACE If additional space is required, you should use the following lined page(s). The question number(s) must be clearly shown in the margin(s).
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