QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE UNIT I - INTRODUCTION SYLLABUS X. Functional elements of an instrument Static and dynamic characteristics Errors in measurement. Y. Statistical evaluation of measurement data Standards and calibration. PART A I X 1 Define dynamic characteristics of an instrument? [AUC Nov/Dec 2008] I X 2 Differentiate Resolution from Threshold. [NOV/DEC 09] I X 3 How are the absolute and relative errors expressed mathematically? [NOV/DEC 09] I X 4 What are the static characteristics of measurement system? [APR/MAY 10] I X 5 Define static characteristics of an instrument. [NOV/DEC 10] I X 6 What is meant by absolute error of measurement? [NOV/DEC 10] I X 7 Define dynamic characteristics of an instrument. [APR/MAY 11] I X 8 List the functional elements of a measuring instrument.[ NOV/DEC 11] I X 9 What is drift? [NOV/DEC 11] I X 10 Define the term 'Sensitivity' of an instrument. [NOV/DEC 12] I X 11 I X 12 I X 13 The true value of a voltage is 100 V. The values indicated by a measuring instrument are 104, 103, 105, 103 and 105. Find the accuracy and precision of the instrument. [NOV/DEC 12] The expected value of the voltage across a resistor is 40V. However the measurement gives a value of 39V. Calculate the absolute error. [MAY/JUN 13] What are the various important functional elements of a typical measurement system? [MAY/JUN 13] I X 14 Define the terms precision and sensitivity. [NOV/DEC 13] I X 15 What is the significance of calibration? [NOV/DEC 13] I X 16 [MAY/ JUN 14] Define measuring lag and fidelity of dynamic characteristics of instrument.
I X 17 [NOV /DEC 14] I X 18 [NOV /DEC 14] I X 19 I X 20 I X 21 I X 22 I X 23 I X 24 Define limiting errors. Derive the expression for relative limiting error. Define linear time invariant and linear time variant systems. Give examples. What is meant by accuracy of an instrument? What is primary sensing element? What is calibration? When are static characteristics important? Define static error. Distinguish reproducibility and repeatability. Distinguish between direct and indirect methods of measurements. I Y 25. Write down the different Standards of an instrument. [APR/MAY 11] I Y 26. Give the international standards of instruments. [MAY/ JUN 14] I Y 27. What are primary standards? Where are they used? I Y 28. Define Gross and random errors [APR/MAY 2015] I Y 29. Illustrate the difference between Accuracy and Precision. [APR/MAY 2015] I Y 30. What is an error? How it is classified? I Y 31. How are static errors classified? I Y 32. How are systematic errors classified? I Y 33. Define static error and dynamic error. I Y 34. What are the sources of error? I Y 35. Define arithmetic mean and median. I Y 36. Define average deviation. I Y 37. Define standard deviation. I Y 38. What is the significance of calibration? [APR/MAY 10] I Y 39. Write down the different standards of an instrument? [Nov/Dec 2008] PART B 16 Marks I Y 1. A circuit was tuned for resonance by eight different students, and the value of resonant frequency in khz were recorded as 532, 548, 543, 535, 546, 531, 543 and 536. Calculate (i) the arithmetic mean, (ii) deviation from the mean, (iii) average deviation, and (iv) standard deviation. [APR/MAY 10, NOV/DEC 13] 10 Marks I X 1 Write a note on different types of errors. [NOV/DEC 09, NOV/DEC 10, NOV/DEC 11, I X 2 NOV/DEC 14] (10) Draw and explain the general block diagram and functional elements of measurement system. [NOV/DEC 09, APR/MAY 10, NOV/DEC 10, NOV/DEC 13, MAY/JUN 14, NOV/DEC 14] (10)
8 Marks I X 1 Define and explain the static and dynamic characteristics of an instrument. [NOV/DEC 09, APR/MAY 11, NOV/DEC 11, NOV/DEC 12, MAY/JUN 13, MAY/JUN 14, NOV/DEC 14] I X 2 What are the different types of error? Explain how to eliminate errors in instrument. [MAY/JUN 14] I Y 1 The probable values of two resistors and their S.D are specified as R1 = 18.62 Ω, S.D = 0.025 Ω, R2 = 74.48 Ω, S.D. = 0.05 Ω. Find the probable value and S.D for the two resistors when they are connected in Series and Parallel. [NOV/DEC 10] I Y 2 Discuss the different types of standards of measurements. [NOV/DEC 10, NOV/DEC 11, MAY/JUN 14, NOV/DEC 14] I Y 3 Explain the concept of static evaluation of measurement data. [APR/MAY 11, MAY/JUN 13] I Y 4 Describe the different calibration procedures of measuring instrument. [APR/MAY 11] I Y 5 How are histogram and arithmetic mean helpful in the statistical analysis of data? [NOV/DEC 11] I Y 6 Describe the various modes of statistical evaluation of measurement data. I Y 7 Discuss in detail about calibration. [NOV/DEC 12] I Y 8 For the given data calculate any three statistically analyzed values X1 = 49.7; X2 = 50.1; X3 = 50.2; X4 = 49.6; X5 = 49.7. [MAY/JUN 13] I Y 9 With a suitable illustration elaborate the significance of calibrations. [NOV/DEC 14] I Y 10 Describe the different types of calibration procedures. [NOV/DEC 2008] 6 Marks I X 1 Describe primary and secondary standards in instruments. [MAY/JUN 14] & [MAY/JUN 14] (6) I X 2 Define accuracy and reproducibility of an instrument and explain. [MAY/JUN 14] (6)
QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE UNIT II - ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS INSTRUMENTS SYLLABUS X. Principle and types of analog and digital voltmeters, ammeters, multimeters Single and three phase watt meters and energy meters. Y. Magnetic measurements Determination of B-H curve and measurements of iron loss Instrument transformers Instruments for measurement of frequency and phase. PART A II X 1 What is the essential torques required for operating an instrument? [NOV/DEC 09] II X 2 What is phase meter? Mention the types of phase meter. [NOV/DEC 09] II X 3 Write any four types of analog ammeter used for instrumentation. [APR/MAY 10] II X 4 Why are the ordinary watt meters not suitable for low power factor circuits? [NOV/DEC 10] II X 5 What is a phase sequence indicator? [NOV/DEC 10] II X 6 State the purpose of Shunts in the Voltmeter. [APR/MAY 11] II X 7 How does one extend the range of ammeter and voltmeter? [NOV/DEC 11] II X 8 A (0-25) A ammeter has a guaranteed accuracy of 1 percent of full scale reading. The current measured by this instrument is 10 A. Determine the limiting error in percentage. [NOV/DEC 12] II X 9 Draw the circuit of a basic DC voltmeter. [MAY/ JUNE 13] II X 10 Write any four types of analog ammeter used for instrumentation. [NOV/DEC 13] II X 11 How are basic instruments converted into higher range ammeter? [MAY/JUNE 14] II X 12 Define creeping in energy meter. [MAY/JUNE 14] II X 13 Why the PMMC ammeters are the most widely used instrument? [NOV/DEC 14] II X 14 An absolute electrometer has a movable circular plate 10 cm in diameter. Determine the potential difference across the plates if the plates during measurement are 6 mm
apart and the force of attraction is 4*10-13 N. [NOV/DEC 14] II Y 15. List out the methods used for measurement of iron loss in ferromagnetic materials. [APR/MAY 10] II Y 16. Classify different types of iron loss. [APR/MAY 11] II Y 17. Why do we do Ballistic tests? [NOV/DEC 11] II Y 18. Explain with example, the term 'Hysteresis'. [NOV/DEC 12] II Y 19. Discuss in brief about the hysteresis in B-H curve. [MAY/ JUNE 13] II Y 20. What are the different methods used for frequency measurement in power frequency range? [NOV/DEC 13] PART B 16 Marks II X 1 II Y 2 II X 1 II X 1 II X 2 II X 3 II X 4 II X 5 II X 6 Describe the construction and working of permanent magnet moving coil instrument. Also derive the expression for deflection. [NOV/DEC 13, NOV/DEC 14] Explain with neat sketch the classification of Instrument Transformers. Write a note on the errors affecting the characteristics of an Instrument Transformer. 12 Marks With a neat block diagram of a digital multimeter explain their working principle. [MAY/JUN 13] 8 Marks Describe the construction and working principle of single phase induction type energy meter. Write a short note on any two adjustments required in energy meters. [NOV/DEC 09, APR/MAY 11, MAY/JUN 14] With a neat diagram, explain the construction, working principle of single phase wattmeter. What is the importance of deflection torque in these instruments? [APR/MAY 10] What are the various types of digital voltmeters? With a neat sketch explain the working principle of any one type of a digital voltmeter. [NOV/DEC 10, APR/MAY 11] With a neat diagram explain the construction and its working principle of electrodynamometer type wattmeter. Also derive its torque equation. [NOV/DEC 10] Explain the working principle of operation of electrodynamometer type of instruments with its constructional diagram. [NOV/DEC 12, NOV/DEC 14] A PMMC ammeter gives reading of 40 ma when connected across two opposite corners of a bridge rectifier, the other two corners of which are connected in series with a capacitor to 100k, 50Hz supply. Determine the capacitance. [NOV/DEC 12]
II Y 7. Write short notes on: Use of current transformer for current and power measurement. II Y 8. Write short notes on: Working of Weston frequency meter. (8) [APR/MAY 10, II Y 9. NOV/DEC 13] Explain the method of measurements of B.H curve of a ring specimen with a neat diagram. [NOV/DEC 10, MAY/JUN 14] II Y 10. Describe the construction and working principle of digital frequency meter. [NOV/DEC 10] II Y 11. Describe the basic magnetic measurement using B-H curve. [APR/MAY 11] II Y 12. Explain the operating principle and characteristics of instrument transformer. [APR/MAY 11, NOV/DEC 14] II Y 13. How to measure the power using instrument transformers? Explain. II Y 14. How is multi-meter used to measure different parameters? Explain. [NOV/DEC 11] II Y 15. How do you determine the B-H curve using step by step method? II Y 16. What are the different methods used for the measurement of frequency? Explain any one method. [NOV/DEC 11] II Y 17. The coil of instrument has 42.5 turns. The mean width of the coil is 2.5 cm and the axial length of the coil is 2 cm. if the flux density is 0.1 Wb/m 2, calculate the torque on the moving coil in Nm. II Y 18. A 100/5A current transformer having a rated burden of 25 VA has an iron loss of 0.4W and a magnetizing current of 2 A. calculate its ratio error and phase angle error when supplying rated output current to a meter having a ratio of resistance to reactance 5. [NOV/DEC 12] 6 Marks II X 1 A PMMC ammeter gives reading of 40 ma when connected across two opposite corners of a bridge rectifier, the other two corners of which are connected in series with a capacitor to 100k, 50Hz supply. Determine the capacitance. [NOV/DEC 12] 4 Marks II Y 3 What are the main considerations in selecting a voltmeter? [MAY/JUN 13]
QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE UNIT III - COMPARISON METHODS OF MEASUREMENTS SYLLABUS X. D.C & A.C potentiometers, D.C & A.C bridges, transformer ratio bridges, selfbalancing bridges. Y. Interference & screening Multiple earth and earth loops - Electrostatic and electromagnetic interference Grounding techniques. PART A III X 1 State the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge. (Nov/Dec 2013) III X 2 How does Hay s bridge differ from Maxwell s bridge? What is its uniqueness? (May/June 2013) III X 3 State the condition for balance in a Wheatstone bridge? (Nov/Dec 2009) III X 4 What are the applications of potentiometers? (Nov/Dec 2013) III X 5 List the application of AC Bridges. (April/May 2011) III X 6 III X 7 III X 8 III X 9 What are the types of DC potentiometer? What are the types of potentiometer? What are the features of transformer Ratio Bridge? What is Wien Bridge? III X 10 What are the advantages and disadvantages of Anderson Bridge? III X 11 What is Owen Bridge and also draw the circuit diagram? III X 12 Draw the circuit diagram of Maxwell Bridge? III X 13 What are the two conditions must be satisfied to make an AC bridge balance? III Y 14. Draw the equivalent circuit and phasor diagram of a potential transformer. (Nov/Dec 2014) III Y 15. Write the working principle of a digital plotter. (Nov/Dec 2014) III Y 16. What is an isolation amplifier? Where is it used? (Nov/Dec 2013) III Y 17. Which instrument is used for measuring very high resistances found in cable insulations? (May/June 2013) III Y 18. What is an isolation amplifier? Where is it used? (Nov/Dec 2009)
III Y 19. What are the sources of electromagnetic interference? (Nov/Dec 2013) III Y 20. What is the need for screening? (April/May 2010) III Y 21. What are the merits and demerits of digital storage oscilloscope? (April/May 2010) III Y 22. Enumerate the principle of grounding. (April/May 2011) III X 1 III X 2 III X 3 III X 4 III X 5 PART B 16 Marks With a neat sketch describe a bridge to determine the unknown inductance and a bridge to determine the unknown capacitance. (16) (Nov/Dec 2009) Consider an unbalanced Wheatstone bridge. Calculate the current through the galvanometer. R1 = 1kΩ, R2 = 2.5kΩ, R3 = 3.5kΩ, R4 = 10kΩ, Rg = 300Ω, E = 6V. (May/June 2013) Explain how the inductance is measured in terms of known capacitance using Maxwell s bridge. Derive the conditions for balance. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) What are the difficulties associated with measurement of low resistance? Describe how low resistance is measured accurately by Kelvin s double bridge. (4+12) (April/May 2010), (April/May 2015) Explain the operation of Schering Bridge to determine the unknown capacitance. Derive the relevant equations andexplain the computation procedure using phasor diagram. (April/May 2011) III Y 1. Explain the grounding techniques in detail to reduce the ground loop interference signal. (16) (Nov/Dec 2009) 10 Marks III X 1 Give the construction of an Anderson s bridge and derive its balance conditions. (10) (May/June 2013) III X 1 8 Marks Explain the theory and working principle of Wheatstone s bridge. Derive the relation for finding unknown resistance. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) (Nov/Dec 2012) III X 2 Describe any one method for the measurement of high resistance. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) III X 3 Explain the comparison method of measurement of inductance by Maxwell s LC Bridge with its balance equations. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) III X 4 Explain the measurement of frequency by Wien s bridge. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) III X 5 III X 6 Describe the operation of A.C. potentiometer. With a neat bridge network, derive the equation for the general bridge balance with an a.c. bridge diagram. (April/May 2011) III Y 1. Describe in detail about: Interference and Screening. III Y 2. Describe in detail about: Multiple earth and earth loops. (April/May 2015) 6 Marks III X 1 Write a detailed technical note on grounding techniques. (6) (May/June 2013)
QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE UNIT IV - STORAGE AND DISPLAY DEVICES SYLLABUS X. Magnetic disk and tape Recorders, digital plotters and printers, CRT display, Y. Digital CRO, LED, LCD & dot matrix display Data Loggers. PART A IV X 1 Write the working principle of digital plotters. (Nov/Dec 2014) IV X 2 What are the types of printers according to printing methodology? (Nov/Dec 2013) IV X 3 What are the various components of a recording instrument? (May/June 2013) IV X 4 List any two storage devices.(april/may 2011) IV X 5 Differentiate the functions of printer and plotter. (April/May 2011) IV X 6 Give the functional difference between strip chart recorder and X-Y recorder. (April/May 2015) IV X 7 What is isolation probe? IV X 8 Brief up the working of a digital encoder. (Nov/Dec 2012) IV X 9 What is the principle of operation of an ink-jet printer? (Nov/Dec 2012) IV X 10 State the features of ink-jet printers? IV X 11 What are the various methods of recording data? IV X 12 What is recorder? How are they classified? IV X 13 What is the digital principle of working of Dot Matrix display? (April/May 2014) IV Y 14 What are the main parts of the cathode ray tube? IV Y 15 Reason out why today s commercial LED monitor has become more popular than their LCD counterparts. (May/June 2013) IV Y 16 Distinguish between LED and LCD. (Nov/Dec 2013) IV Y 17 What are the functions of data logger? (Nov/Dec 2013) & (April/May 2015) IV Y 18 What are the different types of amplifiers used for CRO s? IV Y 19 Give the principle of LCD type display device. IV Y 20 Write two advantages of LED on electronic displays? IV Y 21 What is the power requirement of LCD? IV Y 22 What are data loggers?
IV Y 23 What are functions of data loggers? IV Y 24 List out the main parts of cathode ray tube. IV Y 25 What is LED? (April/May 2014) PART B 16 Marks IV X 1 Describe the direct and frequency modulation magnetic tape recording types. Give its merits and demerits. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) IV X 2 What is the advantage of using a magnetic tape recorder? Explain how the tape recorder works with suitable diagrams.(16) (May/June 2013) (April/May 2015) IV X 3 With neat diagram, explain the basic components and working principle of magnetic tape recorder. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) IV Y 4 Describe the LED and LCD display devices (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) (Nov/Dec 2012) IV Y 5 Bring out how data loggers measure and record data effortlessly, accurately and quickly explaining the working of them. (16) (May/June 2013) IV Y 6 With the help of functional block diagram, explain the working principle of digital storage oscilloscope, mention its advantages over analog CRO? (16) (Nov/Dec 2013), (Nov/Dec 2012) & (April/May 2015) IV Y 7 With a help of simplified block diagram, explain the construction and operating principle of general purpose Cathode Ray Oscilloscope. (April/May 2011) (16) 8 Marks IV X 4 Discuss the working principle of a magnetic tape recorder. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) IV X 5 Explain the construction and functionalities of various components of a CRT display. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) IV X 6 Discuss the working of digital CRO. (8) IV X 7 Write a detailed technical note on dot matrix display. (8) (Nov/Dec 2012) IV X 8 Draw a neat diagram of X-Y recorder and describe it s working. (8) IV X 9 Explain the principle and working of CRT display with a neat diagram. (8) (April/May 2014) IV X 10 Write brief notes on: Magnetic disk and tape. IV Y 1 Write brief notes on: Recorders and printers. (April/May 2011) IV Y 2 Compare and contrast the construction, working principle and applications of LED and LCDs (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) IV Y 3 Write a detailed technical note on data loggers. Explain how they differ from Data Acquisition systems. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014)
QUESTION BANK DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING YEAR/SEM NAME OF THE SUBJECT NAME OF THE FACULTY : II / IV : EE6404 MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION : K.M.S.MUTHUKUMARA RAJAGURU, AP/EEE UNIT V - TRANSDUCERS AND DATA ACQUISITION SYSTEMS SYLLABUS X. Classification of transducers Selection of transducers Resistive, capacitive & inductive transducers - Piezoelectric, Hall effect, optical and digital transducers. Y. Elements of data acquisition system A/D, D/A converters Smart sensors. V X 1. PART A What is transducer? What is the difference between sensor and transducer? (Nov/Dec 2014), (Nov/Dec 2012) V X 2. Differentiate sensor from transducer. (Nov/Dec 2013) V X 3. What is known as thermocouple effect and how do you use it in a transducer? (May/June 2013) V X 4. What are the factors to be considered for selection of transducers? (Nov/Dec 2013) V X 5. Mention some examples of the active transducer which are used in the measurement of temperature. (Nov/Dec 2012) V X 6. Write the function of transducer. (April/May 2011) V X 7. V X 8. V X 9. Define Hall effect transducer. Write their uses. What is optical sensor? What are the major classes of fiber optics sensor and explain it. V X 10. Define inverse transducers with example. V X 11. How are the transducers classified? V X 12. What is an active transducer? V X 13. Mention some examples of active transducer. V X 14. Mention different types of strain gauges. V X 15. What is piezoelectric effect? V X 16. What are the applications of capacitive transducers? V X 17. How is the resistive transducer works? V X 18. How is a differential output taken from an inductive transducer? V X 19. Write the desired properties of thermocouple metals. (April/May 2015) V Y 20. Draw the block diagram for 4 bit ADC. (Nov/Dec 2013) V Y 21. When do you call an instrument to be intelligent? (May/June 2013)
V Y 22. Mention any four types of ADC? (Nov/Dec 2013) V Y 23. Give any two applications of Smart Sensors. (April/May 2011) V Y 24. What is smart sensor? V Y 25. Mention the importance of settling time in D/A converter? V Y 26. What are the advantages of successive approximation type ADC? (Nov/Dec 2014) V Y 27. What are the two ways that the DAS are used to measure and record analog signals? (April/May 2015) V X 1 PART B 16 Marks What are the selection criteria for the transducer? Explain the working principle of LVDT with neat sketch and characteristics. Give advantages, disadvantages and applications of LVDT. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) & (Nov/Dec 2012) V X 2 Explain the following : strain gauges, piezoelectric transducers and smart sensors (16) V X 3 V Y 4 V Y 5 (May/June 2013) Explain the classification of transducers and discuss about the selection criteria for them. (16) (May/June 2013) What are the performance parameters of Analog to Digital converter? Explain any two basic A/D conversion techniques in detail. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) Explain the following: grounding techniques causes of electromagnetic interferences in measurements. (16) (Nov/Dec 2013) 10 Marks V Y 7. (i) What is data acquisition system? With generalized block diagram, explain the functions of it. (10) 8 Marks V X 1 Explain the measurement of resistance using strain gauge. (8) V X 2 V X 3 Describe the various factors influencing the type of transducer for a particular application. (April/May 2011) Explain the principle of operation: Piezoelectric transducer. V X 4 Explain the principle of operation: A/D converter. (April/May 2011) V X 5 Write short notes on the following: Seeback effect. V X 6 Write short notes on the following: Piezoelectric transducer. V X 7 Write short notes on the following: Resistance thermometers. (April/May 2015) V Y 8. Describe in detail, the working principle of capacitive microphone (8)
V Y 9. Write in detailed technical note on smart sensors. Explain also the various built-in features of them compared to conventional sensors. (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) V Y 10. Explain the successive approximation type ADC with its characteristics. V Y 11. A 5-plate transducer has plates of dimensions 20mm*20mm and separated 0.25 mm apart. The arrangement is to be used for measuring displacement. Determine the sensitivity of the arrangement. Assume air medium. (Nov/Dec 2012) V Y 12. Explain the basic operation of A/D converter utilizing D/A converter. V Y 13. Explain the concept of Smart sensors. (April/May 2015) V Y 14. Explain in detail, the working principle of piezoelectric transducers. (8) V Y 15. Discuss any one method of D/A converter (8) (Nov/Dec 2014) 6 Marks V Y 1. Write short notes on smart sensors. (6) (Nov/Dec 2013)