BACTERIA BACTERIA
Bacteria are very small
Bacteria are very small compared to cells with nuclei
This is a pore in human skin and the yellow spheres are bacteria
BACTERIA LIVE ALMOST EVERYWHERE Hot springs
Volcanic vents on the sea floor
Chemosynthetic bacteria use the sulfur in the smoke for energy.
BACTERIA CAN LIVE WITH OR WITHOUT OXYGEN
BACTERIA WHERE: Everywhere--> *Food AGE: DESCRIPTION: *water *soil...probably the oldest life form on Earth *your BODY! *fossil bacteria found in rocks 3.5 billion years old! single-celled organism *prokaryotic WITHOUT A NUCLEUS
MORE BACTERIA! CLASSIFIED by SHAPE *COCCUS (round)
Coccus bacteria are sphere or ball shaped
CLASSIFIED by SHAPE -continued SPIRILLUM (spiral)
Spirillium bacteria have a corkscrew shape
CLASSIFIED by SHAPE -continued some more! Bacillus (rod)
Bacillus bacteria are rod or sausage shaped
These three shapes... usually form COLONIES, or GROUPS. DIPLO (pairs)
Colonies, continued... STREPTO (chains)
Colonies, continued... STAPHYLO (clusters)
Colonies, continued... TETRA (groups of four)
BACTERIA Names... given by the COLONY PREFIX and the SHAPE SUFFIX Examples STREPTOCOCCUS STREPTO= chains + COCCUS= round chains of round bacteria
BACTERIA THAT CAUSE DISEASE Some bacteria cause diseases. Disease causing bacteria are called pathogenic.
Diplo-bacteria occur in pairs, such as the diplococcus bacteria that causes a STD.
Staphylo - bacteria occur in clumps, such as this staphylococcus bacteria that causes common infections of cuts
A staph infection!
Streptobacteria occur in chains of bacteria, such as this streptococcus bacteria that causes some types of sore throats
STREP THROAT
WHITE BLOOD CELL ABOUT TO EAT A BACTERIA! What is the shape of the bacteria?
DENTAL CAVITIES
Helicobacter pylori is the pathogenic bacteria that can causes ulcers
Leprosy is a bacterial infection that decreases blood flow to the extremities resulting in the deterioration of toes, ears, the nose and the fingers.
TUBERCULOSIS
GRAM STAINING BACTERIA The Gram stain classifies bacteria into gram-positive and gram-negative
The Gram Stain Gram-Positive THE CELLS WILL BE PURPLE Gram-Negative THE CELLS WILL BE RED
Gram Stain Gram-positive bacteria tend to be killed by penicillin and detergents. Gram-negative bacteria are more resistant to antibiotics.
Examples of Gram Stains Gram Positive Rods and Cocci Gram Negative Rods and Cocci
What color are the Gram positive bacteria? Figure 3.11b
BACTERIA Survival... --> Most bacteria obtain food from other living things (like us) --> some eat dead things -DECOMPOSERS --> some are PARASITES -. live off other living things *these may cause DISEASE *or may actually HELP the host! --> Example of helping Bacteria: Bacteria in your intestine helps with digestion and produces vitamin K.
Helpful BACTERIA -->FOOD PREPARATION butter I mean Yogurt! cheese fermentation
Harmful BACTERIA FOOD SPOILAGE Botulism caused by Clostridium botulinum Salmonella E. coli found in beef-->
Controlling the growth of BACTERIA How to limit BACTERIA REPRODUCTION ** TEMPERATURE (Pasteurization) (Pasteurization) *boil *steam heat kills bacteria **CHEMICALS *Bleach *iodine Louis Pasteur
Controlling the growth of BACTERIA (more!) ** Removing MOISTURE *No water, no bacteria! SALTING **RADIATION *use of radiation to zap bacteria!
BACTERIAL STRUCTURE
STRUCTURE OF BACTERIA Structure Cell Wall Gelatinlike capsule Cell Membrane Cytoplasm Chromosome Ribosome Flagellum Function Protects and gives shape Protects against antibodies Helps the bacteria stick to things. Regulates movement of materials Contains DNA, ribosomes, essential compounds Carries genetic information Makes proteins Moves the cell 43
CLASSIFICATION OF BACTERIA Bacteria are classified into two kingdoms. Eubacteria Archaebacteria
KINGDOM: EUBACTERIA Blue-green bacteria are CYANOBACTERIA. They are producers.