Disaster Management and Spatial Data An Experience of Sri Lanka for Joint project team meeting 2012 1
by Padma Kumara Withana Provincial Surveyor General Uva Province 2
Out line ü Introduction ü Natural Disasters and Sri Lanka ü Need of Spatial Data in Natural Disaster ü Past Experience ü Challenges ü Potential ü Recommendation 3
Introduction Loction 4
Sri Lanka has a long coastline of 1660 km Low, mid & up country with a peak about 2300 m Major Crops u 739,903 ha for Paddy cultivation (staple food) 45% - major irrigation 24% - minor irrigation 31% - rain-fed u 188,971 ha Tea and 157,100 ha Rubber 103 river basins (20 in wet zone) u 320 - dams in Sri Lanka 80 (large in size) u 15,000 minor tanks 5
Disaster Natural Man Made and man Induced 1. Earthquake 2. Flood & Cyclone 3. Land Slides 4. Droughts 5. Tsunami 1. Terrorism 2. Home & Building Fires 3. Accidents 4. Structural Collapses 6
Disaster ü Geologically Sri Lanka is situated relatively in stable position on the Australian-Indian plate. Due to this the risk of occurring an earthquake is less and also earthquakes have been not recorded over 400 years. 7
Distribution of epicenters of earthquakes greater than magnitude 5.0 in South East Asia and Indian Ocean 8
Disaster ü There is no evidence for volcanic eruptions in the past and there is no sign for it in the future too. ü So Sri Lanka is a natural hazard free country! Is it true? 9
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Sri Lanka is affected by different kinds of natural hazards such as floods, cyclones, droughts, landslides, coastal erosion and Tsunami 10
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Floods: ü Major floods are associated with the two monsoons. ü Most of tanks spill over during this period 11
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Floods: ü South west monsoon season (May-September) the western, southern, Sabragaumuwa provinces are vulnerable. ü North-east monsoons (December-February) the eastern, northern and northcentral provinces are prone to flooding. 12
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Floods: Major floods recorded in the years of 1913, 1940, 1947, 1957, 1967, 1968, 1978, 1989, 1992, 2003 2011 and 2012 with loss of human lives, properties and the environment 13
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Landslides: ü Excessive rainfall, typical landform and geology, deforestation and unplanned land use practices combine to create this natural disaster. ü The districts of Badulla Nuwara Eliya, Ratnapura, Kegalle, Kalutara, Kandy and Matale are the most prone to landslides. ü In 2003, landslides in Matara,Galle and Hambantota districts caused massive damages to human settlements and the environment. 14
land slides: Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka 15
land slides: Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka 16
Past Experience Landslides Sabragamuwa Province 17
Past Experience Landslides Sabragamuwa Province 18
Past Experience Landslides Sabragamuwa Province 19
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka droughts: Major droughts recorded in the years of 2011 and 2012 with severe damage to cultivation and the environment. 20
droughts: Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka 21
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Cyclones: ü The eastern and north-eastern parts of Sri Lanka are highly vulnerable to cyclones especially in the months of November and December. ü Some parts of north-central and northwestern areas have also subject to occasional cyclone impacts in past decades. ü Major cyclones have been experienced in the years 1907, 1922, 1964, 1978, 2000 & 2011 (November) 22
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka Tsunami: ü Sri Lanka was one of the countries most effected by 2004 Tsunami ü More than 30 000 dead, 1 million people affected and 70, 000 houses were completely damaged ü Geophysical experts have identified three possible earthquake locations in Indian Ocean, which could result future Tsunami in Sri Lanka 23
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Past Experience Tsunami u Maps prepared after Tsunami 25
Past Experience Tsunami u Maps prepared after Tsunami 26
Rail Track after tsunami 27
All distroied but Load Dudhdha? 28
Natural Disaster and Sri Lanka People affected by different disaster in Sri Lanka 29
Spatial Data in Natural Disaster ü In Natural Disaster Management decision makers have to find the answers for three questions such as Who affected? Where affected? And What affected? ü Spatial data with spaced based information technology will answers these questions 30
Past Experience in use of Spatial Data ü To identify vulnerable areas and to make precautions to people ü To identify affected areas with numbers of houses and buildings ü To indentify affected Tanks, roads and bridges ü To identify potential locations (school, public buildings, etc) which are appropriate for supporting for affected people ü To identify area where large numbers of refugees camp can be established based on the terrain condition 31
Past Experience in use of Spatial Data ü To determine how many tents will be needed in each refugee camp based on the locations of populations with spatial data ü To identify staging areas and incident command posts to provide logistical support for public safety personnel ü To identify safety supply route to have access to water and other resources necessary to support large numbers of people ü To identify land for resettlement of spatially displaced people ü To laid down the safety buffer zones 32
Challenges Faced ü Who is responsible for Spatial Data? Sri Lanka Survey Department? ü Incompatibility of data from different institution ü Lack of coordination among the institutions ü Non availability of timely updated data ü No common platform to receive spatial data 33
Potential ü Long professional experience of country s national Mapping agency Sri Lanka Survey Department with huge spatial data ü Geomatic Education ü Institute of Surveying and Mapping, Diyatalawa under Survey Department ü Faculty of Geomatic, Sabragamuwa University of Sri Lanka ü Professional Institute; Surveyor Institute of Sri Lanka ü Human Resource; well trained and qualified people in the department 34
Recommendation ü The development of web-based system which facilitates sharing, accessing and use of spatial data in disaster management 35
Recommendation ü Space based technologies such satellite images, Global Positioning System(GPS) and satellite communication should be incorporated with disaster risk reduction in real time 36
Recommendation ü Geomatic professional people should be upgraded and admired to use new technology in disaster management with spatial data ü Researches should be carried in relevant context which exposed to international level 37
My Special Thanks To all personal in KARI, JAXA & Sentinel Asia Secretariat 38
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