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4-3.8. 1. Which of the following instruments is used to directly observe objects in the sky? 4-3.1. 2. Earth is a rocky planet that resides close to the Sun. Recognize the list of planets below that has a surface that is unlike the earth s surface. (A) Mars, Saturn, and Uranus (B) Mars, Jupiter, and Saturn (C) Mercury, Venus, and Mars (D) Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune 4-3.1 3. Which of these is the center of our solar system? (A) Mars (B) Moon (C) Jupiter (D) Sun 2012-2013 Key # 12434 1

4-3.3. and 4-1.1 4. Joanna is working on a research project on the effects that the Sun s energy has on life on the Earth. Which statement below would be a qualitative observation that she could make about the Sun s energy on the Earth? (A) The Sun s energy is stored in fossil fuels. (B) The Sun gives off its own light that helps plants grow. (C) The energy created by the Sun makes life fun on Earth. (D) The Sun is the source of almost all of the Earth s energy. 4-1.7. 5. Which is the safest way to observe the Sun? (A) using dark sunglasses (B) using a pinhole viewer (C) using glasses with colored lenses (D) looking when the Sun is low in the sky 4-3.8. 6. Which instrument makes objects in the sky appear brighter and closer? (A) hand lens (B) telescope (C) microscope (D) magnifying glass 4-3.2. 7. This object has a surface full of glowing gases that are extremely hot. The atmosphere glows and gives off light. What is the object? (A) Venus (B) Earth (C) Moon (D) Sun 4-3.2. 8. What are the locations of the Earth, Moon and Sun? (A) The Sun orbits the Earth while the Moon rotates around the Earth. (B) The Earth revolves around the Sun while the Moon orbits the Earth. (C) The Moon orbits the Earth and the Earth revolves around the Moon. (D) The Earth revolves around the Moon and the Sun revolves around the Earth. 2012-2013 Key # 12434 2

This Moon Phase Chart shows three phases of the moon for January 1 st, 3 rd, and 5 th. January 1 st 3 rd 5 th 9. Which of these would you predict the moon to look like on January 7 th? (A) (B) (C) (D) 4-3.4. The diagram below shows the tilt of the Earth s axis and the revolution around the Sun. 10. Explain how the seasons of the year are based on this diagram. (A) The two hemispheres have the same seasons. (B) When the tilt is away from the Sun, the season is summer. (C) The part of the Earth that is tilted toward the Sun has summer. (D) The seasons are based on the distance the Earth is from the Sun. 2012-2013 Key # 12434 3

4-3.4. 11. What are the two factors that affect the seasons? (A) Earth s axis and the revolution around the Sun. (B) Earth s distance to the Sun and revolution around it. (C) The Moon s pull on the Earth and the Earth s rotation. (D) The Moon s pull on the Earth and the Earth s revolution around the Sun. 4-3.1. 12. What is the correct order of the planets in relationship to the Sun? (A) Earth, Mercury, Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (B) Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune (C) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Saturn, Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune (D) Mercury, Mars, Venus, Earth, Uranus, Saturn, Neptune, Jupiter 4-3.3. 13. What type of energy is given off by the Sun? (A) only heat energy (B) only light energy (C) heat and light energy (D) heat and sound energy 4-3.4. 14. How long does it take for Earth to rotate on its axis seven times? (A) one day (B) one year (C) one week (D) one month 4-3.4. 15. What is the correct sequence of the seasons? (A) Fall, Spring, Winter, Summer (B) Summer, Spring, Winter, Fall (C) Summer, Fall, Winter, Spring (D) Spring, Summer, Winter, Fall 2012-2013 Key # 12434 4

4-3.5. Use the following illustration to answer question 16. 16. Which statement is true about the Earth? (A) Point 2 and 4 are experiencing night. (B) Point 1 and 3 are experiencing night. (C) Point 1 and 2 are both experiencing daylight. (D) Point 3 and 4 are both experiencing daylight. 4-3.5. The diagram below shows a view of Earth. 17. The arrows at the North Pole represent Earth s (A) gravity. (B) revolution. (C) rotation. (D) weather. 4-3.7. 18. What is the reason that shadows change shape? (A) They change shape because of the size of the Earth. (B) The Earth casts shadows on the Sun so shadows change shape. (C) Shadows change shape because of the Sun s position in the sky. (D) Shadows change shape due to the position of the Moon in the sky. 4-3.7. 19. When the Sun is higher in the sky, (A) shadows are shorter. (B) objects are invisible. (C) shadows appear longer. (D) objects cast long shadows. 2012-2013 Key # 12434 5

Use the diagram below to answer questions 20 and 21. 20. What causes the tides to change? (A) The Sun s pull on the Moon. (B) The Earth s pull on the Sun. (C) The Earth s pull on the Moon. (D) The Moon s pull on the Earth. 21. What type of tide is represented in area 2? (A) low tide (B) high tide (C) small tide (D) moderate tide 4-1.3. 22. Three friends decide to see who can throw a Frisbee the farthest during recess. To make it fair, each person throws a Frisbee in the same direction, from the same place. The friends begin to argue about the size, shape, and weight of the different Frisbee giving unfair results. Which of the following will give the fairest results? (A) Everyone should throw the same Frisbee. (B) Everyone should throw a Frisbee with the same shape and weight. (C) The Frisbee that everyone throws should be the same shape and size. (D) The Frisbee should be the same size and weight for everyone to throw. 2012-2013 Key # 12434 6

Gillian made drawings of how the Moon looked. The white areas are where the Moon looked bright. The black areas are when the Moon was dark. She put the pictures in order and numbered them 1 8. Use her diagram to answer questions 23 and 24. 23. What phase of the Moon is shown in picture 2? (A) Full Moon (B) New Moon (C) Quarter Moon (D) Crescent Moon 24. What phase of the Moon is shown in picture 5? (A) Full Moon (B) Half Moon (C) New Moon (D) Crescent Moon 2012-2013 Key # 12434 7

4-1.1. Study the picture and the chart below it. Read each piece of evidence (left) and what can be inferred (right). Observations (Evidence) The clock reads 11:00, but no one is in the classroom. The calendar indicates the day is/was Wednesday, March 1. The view through the window is dark. Only 5 student desks are shown. The desks are empty, and there is no writing on the board. Inferences It must be night because people are in the classroom at 11 o clock during a school day. This day is not a school holiday. It would be light at 11 o clock in the morning. The view shows only a part of a classroom. The classroom has been cleaned up for the day. 25. Which statement best explains your interpretation of the data? (A) (B) (C) (D) It is 11:00 a.m. It is 11:00 p.m. Twenty-five students attend class in this room. There is no school today because it is Saturday. 2012-2013 Key # 12434 8

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