Generation Date: 12/07/2015 Generated By: Tristan Wiley Title: Bio I Winter Packet 1. Many natural ecosystems have been destroyed by human activity. To better manage our remaining natural ecosystems, we must first understand how the ecosystems are structured. One way to do this is to determine how the organisms in the ecosystem obtain the matter and energy they need to survive. The figure below shows a simplified food web. Use the figure to answer the following questions. Based on the figure, how would the owls most likely respond if the mice all died out? A. The owls would start eating foxes. B. The owls would eat more green plants. C. The owls would starve. D. The owls would eat more squirrels and rabbits. 2. Many natural ecosystems have been destroyed by human activity. To better manage our remaining natural ecosystems, we must first understand how the ecosystems are structured. One way to do this is to determine how the organisms in the ecosystem obtain the matter and
energy they need to survive. The figure below shows a simplified food web. Use the figure to answer the following questions. Which of the following correctly shows one pathway for the flow of energy to an owl? A. green plants--->squirrels--->owls B. owls--->green plants---mice C. green plants--->mice--->squirrels D. owls--->squirrels--->foxes 3. Why does an enzyme function as a catalyst in a reaction? A. It maintains the proper temperature needed for the reaction. B. It decreases the amount of energy needed for the reaction. C. It creates the right ph needed for the reaction. D. It provides the extra energy needed for the reaction. 4. What is the advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual reproduction in organisms? A. shorter reproduction time B. more variety of reproduction methods
C. greater genetic diversity D. fewer parent organisms needed 5. The interrelationships of organisms play a vital role in the balance of any given ecosystem. Which event might increase the carrying capacity for rabbits in a prairie ecosystem? A. a period of drought B. a season of extra rain C. a decrease in the number of predators D. a new predator species moving in 6. The Earth's carbon cycle consists of the flow, cycling, and recycling of all of the carbon on the Earth. Every living organism's composition includes the element carbon. How does carbon become part of living organisms? Producers take in carbon directly from the soil through their roots, A. and consumers eat the producers. Carbon is a part of sunlight and enters through the skins of all B. organisms. C. D. Consumers take in carbon dioxide from the air, and producers eat the consumers. Producers take in carbon dioxide from the air, and consumers eat the producers. 7. Daniel wants to know how much water is best to give a pepper plant. He plans to buy 5 similar pepper plants in pots and put them all in the same area of his patio, in the sunshine. He will number each pot, 1-5, and water them according to their number:
Pot #1 he will water every day, pot #2 he will water every second day, pot #3 he will water every third day, and so on. He will record his observations once each week. After 6 weeks, he plans to evaluate the health of each plant, recording his results. What is the variable in Daniel's planned experiment? A. where the plants will be located B. how frequently the plants will be watered C. the initial size of the plants D. the number that will be put on the pots 8. Which of these is a hypothesis that can be tested through experimentation? A fish's ability to taste food is affected by the clarity of aquarium A. water. Tadpoles' fear of carnivorous insect larvae increases as the tadpoles B. age. C. The number of times a dog wags its tail indicates how content the dog is. D. Bacterial growth increases exponentially as temperature increases. 9. Which of the following is most likely to cause an increase in a predator population? A. a reduction in competition B. fewer prey C. more parasites D. a period of drought
First Position (5') U C A G Codon Chart Second Position U C A G Phenylalanine Phenylalanine Isoleucine Isoleucine Isoleucine Methionine Valine Valine Valine Valine Proline Proline Proline Proline Threonine Threonine Threonine Threonine Alanine Alanine Alanine Alanine Tyrosine Tyrosine Stop Stop Histidine Histidine Glutamine Glutamine Asparagine Asparagine Lysine Lysine Aspartic acid Aspartic acid Glutamic acid Glutamic acid Cysteine Cysteine Stop Tryptophan Glycine Glycine Glycine Glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G Third Position (3') 10. 5' AGAUCGAGU 3' 5' ACAUCGAGU 3' The chain above represents three codons. Which of the following changes would be expected in the amino acid chain if the mutation shown above occurred? A. The amino acid sequence would be shorter than expected.
B. The identity of one amino acid would change. C. The identities of more than one amino acid would change. D. The amino acid sequence would remain unchanged. 11. Ten different types of culture media were inoculated with the same strain of bacteria and incubated at the same temperature. Nine of the cultures grew. Which of these conclusions can be drawn from this information? A. One of the media lacked the nutrients needed for the bacteria to grow. B. The temperature varied greatly during the experiment. Only the culture that failed to grow bacteria was inoculated C. properly. D. The media used in the experiment are all capable of sustaining bacterial growth. 12. In Central America there is a tree called bullhorn acacia (Acacia cornigera) that provides both food and shelter to a certain species of ant (Pseudomyrmex ferruginea). The ants live within the tree without causing it harm. In fact, the ants protect the tree by vigorously attacking and stinging other animals that try to eat it. This relationship is an example of A. predation B. mutualism C. parasitism D. commensalism
13. Which of these characteristics might help a plant species survive in an area with limited sunlight? A. large leaves B. bright flowers C. short stems D. thick cuticles 14. Plants have internal biological clocks that influence growth, development, and response to stimuli. An example of the effect of a biological clock is seen in a bean plant's response to the time of day. During daytime hours, the leaves of a bean plant are arranged in a horizontal position relative to the stem. At night, the leaves fold down toward the stem. This response occurs even if bean plants are kept in total darkness throughout the day. This observation suggests that biological clocks in plants A. only work in the dark. B. can work independently of external stimuli. C. can be "reset" to adjust to a different night and day cycle. D. only work if exposed to light. 15. In a certain breed of cats, having black hair is the result of two dominant alleles for hair color (HH). The heterozygous genotype (Hh) produces a cat that has black and white spots. Having two recessive (hh) genes results in a white haired cat. The Punnett square below shows the results of a cross between which two cats? H H H HH HH
A. two spotted cats B. a black cat and a spotted cat C. two black cats D. a spotted cat and a white cat h Hh Hh 16. Giraffes have longer necks than other herbivores. This trait is probably most important for... A. conserving water during droughts. B. gaining access to different food sources. C. detecting prey at great distances. D. sleeping while standing up. 17. Robert Koch In the nineteenth century Robert Koch scientifically investigated the transmission of diseases. He proposed a procedure that would enable a person to determine if a specific microorganism caused a given disease. The first four steps of this procedure are listed below: 1. Microbes must be isolated from an infected host organism. 2. The isolated microbes are then grown in a pure culture. 3. The microbes from the pure culture are injected into a new host. 4. If the new host contracts the disease, the microbes must be isolated from the new host and grown in a new culture. What final step should be taken to prove that these specific microbes cause the given disease? A. Mix the microbes from the new and old cultures.
B. Inject diseased organisms with the microbes from the new culture. Inject an organism immune to the disease with microbes from the C. new culture. D. Compare the original microbes with the microbes in the new culture. 18. How does comparing physiological similarities of living species provide evidence of evolution? A. Physiological similarities indicate the species evolved through punctuated equilibrium. Physiological similarities suggest the species evolved from the B. same ancestor. C. Physiological similarities show changes in organisms' forms. Physiological similarities suggest that natural selection played a D. role in the evolution of the species. Answers 1. D 2. A 3. B 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. B 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. A 12. B 13. A 14. B 15. B 16. B
17. D 18. B