ExoPlanets Imaging Camera Spectrograph for the European ELT Simulations Christophe Vérinaud,Visa Korkiakoski Laboratoire d Astrophysique - Observatoire de Grenoble, France and EPICS consortium EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 1
Contributors ESO: M. Kasper, N. Yaitskova, F. Kerber, P. Martinez LAOG: J.-L. Beuzit, V. Korkiakoski, C. Vérinaud LAM: K. Dohlen FIZEAU: L. Abe LESIA: P. Baudoz, A. Boccaletti, R. Galicher ETH Zurich: H.M. Schmid Obs. Padua: R. Gratton, Dino Mesa, J. Antichi Univ. Oxford: N. Thatte, G. Salter, M. Tecza IAC: R. Rebolo, B. Femenia EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 2
Contents EPICS scientific objectives Overview of EPICS system study Simulations: towards end-to-end modeling Preliminary results on speckle rejection with IFS EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 3
Direct imaging from ground: today Imaging: Direct detection of planet photons Precise determination of orbit, mass, chemical composition, temperature, 5 planet-mass objects discovered (NAOS, VLT) contrast 10-2 10-3 QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (LZW) sont requis pour visionner cette image. QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (non compressé) sont requis pour visionner cette image. QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (LZW) sont requis pour visionner cette image. QuickTime et un décompresseur TIFF (non compressé) sont requis pour visionner cette image. EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 4
Direct Imaging from ground: next steps Parameters for direct imaging: α α : angular separation I I = C= Contrast in luminosity SPHERE (VLT), GPI (GEMINI), 8-m telescope : 2011 Angular separation: 0.1 < α < 1 arcsec Contrast (1.6 microns): 10-4 -10-6 (young gas planets) EPICS (E-ELT), PFI (TMT), 30-40-m telescope :~2020 Angular separation: 0.03 < α < 1 arcsec Contrast (1.6 microns): 10-7 -10-9 (mature gas planets and massive rocky planets) EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 5
EPICS Science Objectives TMT/PFI perf. prediction EPICS TLR Courtesy: B. Machintosh EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 6
EPICS Science cases 1. Young self-luminous gas giants in star forming regions or young associations 2. Detection and characterization of mature jovian gas giants in reflected light 3. Imaging and characterization of warm Jupiters known by radial velocity 4. Detection of warm Neptunes and massive rocky planets, ultimately located in habitable zone TLRs Brightness ratio at Distance [mas] 30 (goal 20) 100 300 Limiting stellar magnitude I band Science Case 1 10-6 10-6 10-6 9 (goal 10) 2 10-9 (goal 10-9) 10-9 (goal 4 10-10) 7 (goal 8) Science Case 2 Science Case 3 10-8 10-9 10-8 7 (goal 8) Science Case 4 2 10-9 (goal 10-9) 10-9 (goal 4 10-10) 5 10-10 (goal 2 10-10) 5 (goal 6) EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 7
EPICS phase A Phase 1: November 2007 - July-2008 Intensive Development of modeling tools E-ELT optics XAO and coronagraphy Instruments: IFSs, Diff. Pola, Self Coherent Camera Signal extraction (IFS) Trade-off study System: instruments concept vs. science objectives Coronagraphy and WF control: review of existing concepts and new ideas Phase 2 workplan preparation Experiments preparation EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 8
EPICS phase A Phase 2: September 2008- November 2008 Conceptual Design (Baseline + further generation?) Opto-mechanical design Risk and cost estimate, Schedule Performance analysis Detailed end-to-end simulations for 1st generation EPICS Extrapolation for next generations Experiments (FP7 preparatory phase) Extreme AO on an ELT HOT bench (ESO): Woofer-Tweeter, co-phasing residuals, etc. Speckles active correction (LAOG, LESIA) Coronagraphy: ESO, LESIA, LAM, FIZEAU Integral Field Spectroscopy Oxford Univ.: SLICER IFS Padua Obs.: BIGRE IFS Differential polarimetry: ETHZ EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 9
EPICS simulations strategy PESCA (LAOG) OCTOPUS (ESO/LAOG) - End-to-End modeling of EPICS system - End-to-End XAO modeling -Uncorrelated phase screens -Correction of atmospheric turbulence (temporally correlated phase screens) -Precise modeling of telescope and EPICS Instrumental optical defects (common and differential errors) -Correction of instrumental errors on top of AO residuals (post-corono WFS) - Precise modeling of instrument, signal extraction and detection noise Scale of real time simulated : ~seconds (Christophe Vérinaud, Visa Korkiakoski) (Christophe Vérinaud, Visa Korkiakoski) Scale of real time simulated : ~hours Phase screens generation Model Adjustments Analytical model for high contrast imaging (IAC/LAOG) -XAO analytical modeling Model Adjustments -AO residuals power spectra (à la PAOLA or CAOS_SPHERE) -Signal extraction analytical modeling - Based on photon noise (SNR/integ. time) and speckle noise ( hard limit) - Explore large parameter space beyond EPICS -DRM EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO (Bruno Femenia, Christophe vérinaud) C. Vérinaud 10
EPICS simulations High contrast imaging modeling is very complex Needs time to develop code Needs time to run it Different level of approximations The simplest (the one used up to now) AO Analytical modeling : Photon noise limit imposed by AO halo 1D model Need of 2D model cross-checked with simulations (collab. IAC) Wll be used for de-correlated phase screens generation The critical issues investigated in priority in phase 1 : Detailed simulations of Fourier Optics: speckle noise limit Static aberrations Coronagraphy Science Instruments modeling and Signal extraction: IFS EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 11
Photon noise limit: assumptions Seeing: 0.6, 10 hours on-source integration (or 30 hours for 1 seeing) Overall efficiency to science detector: 10% Observations: dual-band imaging in J-band with 100nm bandwidth XAO system main characteristics Pyramid WFS : optimal for ELT and halo rejection at small angular separations. 0.2-m actuator spacing (~30.000 actuators for 42-m ELT) 3 khz EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 12
Photon noise limit 10 H integration. Seeing 0.6 arcsec (photon noise limit). 1600-nm, 100nm bandwidth 10 10-6 0-7 0.05 Gl 581c 5σ Contrast G2V 10 10 10 K0-8 M0 0.1 Separation ["] 0.15 0.2 0.25 Earth size in HZ Jupiter at 5 AU < 6.7 pc < 33.9 pc < 8.2 pc Gl 581d < 11.1 pc < 25.9 pc 0.3 < 19.5 pc -9 EPICS contrast -10 0 0.5 1 1.5 EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO Separation [AU]C. Vérinaud 2 13
Speckle noise Main contributor: Static optical errors Also: speckle lifetime about 1 sec. on a 42-m (not yet implemented) Error source Nominal values Comments Seg. Piston and tiptilt 90-nm rms Can be directly scaled by rms improv. ratio Seg. Mis-figure 30-nm rms 90-nm Can be rms directly scaled by rms improv. ratio EELT 5 mirrors HF sqrt(5) *20 nm rms Can be directly scaled by improv. 30-nm ratio rms XAO static in band 5-nm rms Typical f 0 (phase meas.) Reflectivity 1% rms Scaling must be dispersion applied on dispersion and not on overall value Error source Seg. Piston and tiptilt Seg. M is-figure EELT 5 mirrors HF Nominal values sqrt(5) *20 nm rms Amplitude errors Wave-Front errors Point Spread Function XAO static in band 5-nm rms Reflectivity dispersion 1% r ms EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 14
Coronagraphic image after XAO 1.2 arcsec Image at 1000-nm Almost «ideal» achromatic coronagraph, not optimized for spider Seeing : 0.85 arcsec, i0=3ms XAO: Pyramid, 200x200, 3 KHz SR=80% at 1000-nm E-ELT E-ELT on the on moon Earth EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 15
IFS parameters Field of View: 2.4 arcsec Nb of pixels: 1024 1024 Spectral range: ~950-1735 nm Spectral resolution: R~ 500-900 from shortest to longest wavelength (440 monochomatic images) IDEAL IFS: no diffraction or chromatic differential errors EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 16
Beating the speckle noise: IFS 1.2 arcsec Coronagraphic image at shortest wave-length + bright point sources EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO «Ideal» IFS Coronagraphic images: movie from 950-nm to 1735-nm C. Vérinaud 17
Integrated image: speckle elongation Integral of 440 monochromatic images from 950 to 1735 nm EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 18
Signal extraction «classic» method Differential imaging using CH4 spectral feature Scaling, integration over 2 bands Subtraction I 1 - I 2 Fake exoplanet spectrum I 1 I 2 QuickTime and a TIFF (Uncompressed) decompressor are needed to see this picture. EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 19
Signal extraction method 1 Use of spectral feature (CH4 in H band) Symetrical subtraction + Differential imaging in and out absorption and 10-5 EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 20
Signal extraction method 2 Speckle Spectral fitting (Sparks and Ford, 2002): Scaling wrt. wavelengths, fitting the speckles spectrum, subtract, de-scale Speckle spectrum SCALING Sum of all monochromatic images EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 21
Signal extraction method 2 10-8 10-7 10-5 1.2 arcsec 10-9 10-10 10-9 EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 22
Signal extraction method 2 10-8 10-7 10-5 1.2 arcsec 10-9 10-10 10-9 EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 23
Next steps Effect of Spectral resolution (IFS feasibility) Chromaticity: ADC residuals, chromatic beams shifts, Fresnel diffraction (Talbot) Include Coronagraphy end-to-end model Apodized Lyot Dual Zone Multi-4 quadrant Binary pupil Include IFS end-to-end model: LENSLET vs SLICER EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 24
Other Instrument concepts ~V-R band instruments Interferential image synchronization (khz) polarizer S polarization signal modulator modulated S(t) polarization signal demodulating CCD detector modulated I(t) intensity signal DIFFERENTIAL POLARIMETER SELF-COHERENT CAMERA EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 25
Conclusions Major effort done on simulation work: static speckles E-ELT optics model well advanced End-to-end model of IFSs on the way Signal extraction: On an ELT speckle elongation is important IFS with high Resolution looks very promising (achromatic case) Next step: include chromaticity (corono, ADC, Talbot, IFS errors ), jitter, AO,etc. In theory, better the R and λ range, better the speckle rejection Constrains on IFS are important: > 10Kx10K detector Trade-off for optimized design is complex: IFS optics, read-noise, etc Result presented here are preliminary! Need to add several other error sources before: Beeing able to specify EPICS instrument Beeing able to give feed back on Compliance of telescope specifications Important effort on signal extraction methods with system priors needed. EPICS for the E-ELT, 20/05/2008, E-ELT DRM, ESO C. Vérinaud 26