Square Kilometre Array: status Philip Diamond SKA Director-General 16 th September 2013
Great Observatories for the coming decades E- ELT E- ELT oop(cal/ p(cal/ir IR Construc(on Construc(on approved approved
Great Observatories for the coming decades Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA): mm/submm Chajnantor Plateau @ 17,000 F Early science now Inaugurated on 13th March 2013
Great Observatories for the coming decades James Webb Space Telescope: due for launch in 2018
Great Observatories for the coming decades Square Kilometre Array: radio ConstrucTon start 2017/18
Smaller-scale projects EUCLID: ~ 1B, launch 2020
Smaller-scale projects CTA ~ 200-300M, operatonal 2015?? EUCLID: ~ 1B, launch 2020
Smaller-scale projects CTA ~ 200-300M, operatonal 2015?? EUCLID: ~ 1B, launch 2020 LSST ~$750M, operatonal ~2020
SKA: the project
SKA2 Key Science Drivers ORIGINS Neutral Hydrogen in the Universe from the Epoch of Re-ionisation to now When did the first stars and galaxies form? How did galaxies evolve? Dark Energy, Dark Matter Astro-biology FUNDAMENTAL FORCES Pulsars, General Relativity and gravitational waves Origin and evolution of cosmic magnetism TRANSIENTS (new phenomenon) Science with the Square Kilometre Array (2004, eds. C. Carilli & S. Rawlings, New Astron. Rev., 48)
SKA1 Key Science Drivers ORIGINS Neutral Hydrogen in the Universe from the Epoch of Re-ionisation to now When did the first stars and galaxies form? How did galaxies evolve? Dark Energy, Dark Matter FUNDAMENTAL FORCES Pulsars, General Relativity and gravitational waves Science with the Square Kilometre Array (2004, eds. C. Carilli & S. Rawlings, New Astron. Rev., 48)
SKA Phase 1 (SKA1) Cost > 400M, construction start 2017 Southern Africa SKA1_MID 254 Dishes including: 64 x MeerKAT dishes 190 x SKA dishes Australia SKA1_LOW Low Frequency Aperture Array Sta(ons SKA1_SURVEY 96 Dishes including: 36 x ASKAP 60 x SKA dishes
SKA Phase 2 (SKA2) Cost TBD; construction start 2022 Southern Africa SKA2_MID 2500 Dishes Australia SKA2_AA Mid Frequency Aperture Array Sta(ons SKA2_LOW Low Frequency Aperture Array Sta(ons
SKA: the structure
SKA Members and Governance Australia (DIISRTE) Canada (NRC-Herzberg) China (MOST) Germany (BMBF) Italy (INAF) Netherlands (NWO) New Zealand (MED) South Africa (DST) Sweden (Chalmers) UK (STFC) India (Tata/DAE) UK Company Limited by Guarantee (Expedient solution to enable SKA project to proceed; long-term governance structure under review)
SKA Members and Governance Finance Commiaee ExecuTve Commiaee Science & Engineering Commiaee > 97.2M Strategy & Bus. Dev. Commiaee Science Working Group Group
SKA Office Organisational Chart SKA Office: 48 Design consorta: > 350
SKA: the design process
Design process Design of SKA to be undertaken in global consortia, which act as contractors to the central office. SKA Office will run system engineering, receive and review designs from consortia, monitor progress, analyse Earned Value. Request for Proposals was issued 12 th March to identify consortia: 10 work-packages. SKA Office issued a baseline conceptual design as part of Request for Proposals to serve as starting point for design, based on previous work and CoDRs. 12 proposals were received on 10 th June. 2 were noncompliant; remaining 10 are what we expected.
Work Packages Led by SKA Office Management Science System Design and system engineering Maintenance & Support and OperaTons Carried out by Work Package ConsorTa Dish Array Aperture Arrays Signal and Data Transport (including synchronisaton and Tming) Central Signal Processor Science Data Processor Telescope Manager Infrastructure, including power Assembly, IntegraTon and VerificaTon Advanced InstrumentaTon Programmes (to be integrated with Dish & AA WPs) Mid Frequency Aperture Array Wide Band Single Pixel Feeds RfP
Baseline design: boundary conditions Members decision May 2012: SKA1-low Australia SKA1-survey Australia SKA1-mid South Africa Incorporate precursors to re-use as much existing infrastructure as possible SKA Board has now set a cost-cap for SKA1 construction System Engineering review outcomes à development of the Baseline Design.
Science Case, DRM, Requirements Science Case Lays out overarching goals, full suite of science Design Reference Mission Set of science observatons to set envelope of science requirements SCI-SYSR-0010! SCI-SYSR-0020!! SCI-S-REQ-0110! SCI-S-REQ-0120! SCI-S-REQ-0130! SCI-S-REQ-0140! SCI-S-REQ-0150!! SCI-T-REQ-0110! SCI-T-REQ-0120! SCI-T-REQ-0130! SCI-T-REQ-0140! SCI-T-REQ-0150!! OPS-REQ-0010! Baseline Design! Requirements Document Input from science, but from other areas as well
Design Process up to PDR Derived Science Requirements Traceability Full SKA Science Case Baseline Design Science Assessment Workshops System Cost Analysis => Cost Cap New Baseline (More Detailed) Detailed Design Design Reference Mission: Primary Science Sub- systems (Consor(a) 1st Order Design, CosTng, Interface DefiniTon Sub- system refinements System Technical Requirements Traceability PDR Eventual Technical SpecificaTons ~1 yr
Baseline design: summary Parameter SKA1- low SKA1- survey SKA1- mid Science focus HI for EoR Deep line & contnuum surveys Receptors ConfiguraTon ~250,000 log- periodics Majority < 1km 3 spiral arms 45km max baseline 60 15m SKA1 dishes + 36 ASKAP dishes. SKA1: capable 20GHz Equipped for 1/ 3 PAFs Core < 2km 3 spiral arms 50km max baseline Pulsars Local HI 190 15m SKA1 dishes + 64 MeerKAT dishes. SKA1: capable 20GHz Equipped for 3/5 bands Core ~1km Random to ~3km 3 spiral arms to 200km max baseline Frequency range 50MHz 350 MHz 650MHz 1670MHz 350MHz 3050MHz in 3 bands Instantaneous bw 250 MHz 500 MHz Up to 1000 MHz Field of view 20deg 2 18deg 2 N/A
Log-Periodic Test Array Cambridge-ASTRON-ICRAR & industrial partners 16 log periodic dipole antenna array Configured as an MWA station 25
Offset- OpTcs Antenna Design Multiple Feeds to cover multiple bands 15-m Effective Diameter 13.5-m Diameter MeerKAT dish design
SKA1-mid Preliminary Dish Receiver Bands 1.2 1 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0 300 600 1200 2400 4800 9600 19200 Band 1 Band 2 Band 3 Band 5 MK UHF MK L- Band MK- X- Band Band 4 Band Sky Freq. Sampled Bands Streams x bits Total per Band 1 350 1050 MHz 1 x 1 GHz 2 x 8 bits Antenna 48 Gbit s - 1 Band 2 0.95 1.76 GHz 1 x 1 GHz 2 x 8 bits 48 Band 3 1.65 3.05 GHz 1 x 2.5 GHz 2 x 8 bits 120 Band 4 2.80 5.18 GHz 1 x 2.5 GHz 2 x 4 bits 60 Band 5 4.6 13.8 GHz 2 x 2.5 GHz 4 x 4 bits 120 27 SKA1
SKA: status
Milestones and momentum Formation of SKA Organisation Selection of Jodrell Bank as SKA HQ Site Selection (May 2012): SKA to be constructed on sites of ASKAP and MeerKAT precursors Appointment of Director-General Confirmation of pre-construction funding (>120M ) Receipt of Proposals for participation in design process: 10 th June. Recruitment underway: 24 positions advertised. Agreement of principles for Hosting Agreements Agreement of principles for SKA1 funding framework
Key decisions from recent Board meeting Approval to proceed to negotiate Statements of Work with design consortia Series of meetings starting Sept 10 MoUs, Consortium Agreements signed for October Board Mtg Board set a cost-cap of 650M capital for construction of SKA Phase 1 Imposes discipline on design process Design consortia will be given target unit costs (where appropriate) Evolution of design guided by scientific and engineering assessments Provides solid basis on which to raise construction funding. Top-level principles of Concept of Operations approved.
Updating the baseline design Science Assessment Workshops (by invitation, will be webcast): March 26-28: Cosmic Dawn and EoR July 17-19: Pulsars September 9-11: Continuum observations September 23-25: Low-redshift HI Fast transients? Cosmology? Cosmic Magnetism? Cradle of Life? October 7-11: All-project engineering meeting Q2 2014: project-wide science meeting Science Engineering Advisory Committee 5/6 December Q2 2014 Cost-cap from Board will be a major driver. Baseline design freezes as SKA Architecture at PDR Q4 2014.
Timeline
Redefining the state-of-the-art Aeff/Tsys: x6 x6 x16 Survey Speed x74 x22 x520
Thank-you for your attention Philip Diamond diamond@skatelescope.org www.skatelescope.org