AP Biology Summer Assignment 2017-2018 Welcome to AP biology! AP Biology is an intense course with a lot of material that needs to be covered. Although AP Biology is a huge commitment, we will have a lot of fun. I look forward to working with each one of you next year! Here are a few items of interest before you get started on the summer assignment. I know the words summer assignment tends to send chills down any high school student s spine, but I think that you will find this assignment to be beneficial to you as we start the school year in the fall. The reason I am giving you a summer assignment is to keep your mind sharp so you are ready to hit the ground running! # TIMELINE ASSIGNED TASK Email Mrs. Perry at perryb@luhsd.net (Email Assignment) Welcome to AP Biology! We are going to spend a lot of time together next year, so it s best if I get a head start on learning a bit about you. Also we will use the Internet and the Web a lot next year for this course, so let s get you used to communicating with me via e-mail. 1 Due ASAP Draft an e-mail to me following these rules: 1. Use complete sentences. 2. This is a professional communication like you would have with a college professor, so let s practice for the future! 3. Make the Subject: AP Bio: Introduction to <Insert Your Name Here> 4. Begin the e-mail with a formal salutation, like Dear Mrs. Perry, 5. Now introduce yourself (your name) and tell me a little bit about yourself, like: a. What do you like to do (hobbies, sports, music, interests, etc.)? b. Who was your previous biology teacher? What did you like/dislike about your last biology? c. What is your motivation for taking AP Biology? d. What are you most anxious about in AP Biology? e. What do you want to do when you graduate high school? f. Are there any special circumstances I should know about you or your life? 6. Send the email to perryb@luhsd.net 2 June 2017 Check out an AP Biology Textbook and Test Preparation Book 3 Ongoing 4 Login to YouTube and Subscribe to Bozeman Biology Mr. Anderson has a series of AP Biology podcasts. You should watch his podcasts regularly. Experimental Design Assignment [below] Take notes on Experimental Design Power Point on my HHS websites [AP Biology Notes]. Notes must be neat and organized. Complete the attached experimental design assignment. 5 6 7 8 Graphing 101 Assignment [attached] Take notes on Graphing 101 Power Point on my HHS website [AP Biology Notes]. Notes must be neat and organized. Complete the attached graphing assignment. Evolution Unit Notes Read evolution unit in your AP Biology Test Preparation Book [not textbook]. Take notes on evolution unit. Notes should be detailed and organized. Evolution Guided Notes [attached] Complete Guided Notes using the Ch 20, 17, 18, 19 Power Points on my school website. FREE RESPONSE QUESTION [attached] Do not attempt this assignment until you have completed the Evolution Unit and Guided Notes. Your response must be handwritten.
Assignment #4: Experimental Design I would like to give you the opportunity to review and practice your experimental design skills prior to entering the. This assignment is due the second day of. It should be word processed and include answers to the following questions: 1. What is a hypothesis? 2. What is the difference between a control group and an experimental group? 3. Why is it vital to work with large sample sizes of organisms in an experiment? 4. What is an independent variable (IV)? Dependent variable (DV)? Controlled variables (CVs) or constants? 5. Why is it important to have a limited number of independent variables? 6. What is the difference between a control group and controlled variables? 7. Given the following scenario and hypothesis, design an experiment to test that hypothesis. Do not actually set up and perform the experiment. Your experimental design should include the following: Title - give your design an appropriate title Introduction summarize background information Problem what question are you trying to answer Hypothesis use if/then/because format and identify IDV, DV and CVs Materials list all needed supplies Procedure number your steps Data describe data you would collect (no real data will be collected, but you might want to design a data table) Scenario: Dr. Albert read that there is a species of small blue butterfly whose caterpillar lives on wild cherry leaves that have been infected with a gall-producing mite. The caterpillars do not eat the leaves, only the galls. The gall is made of leaf tissue, and should provide similar nutrition to the leaf. Dr Albert suspects that when the caterpillar eats the gall it also eats the mites inside, and he further suspects that eating the mites may be necessary for the proper development of the butterfly.
Name: Per: Assignment #5: Graphing 101 Review the Graphing 101 Power Point on my website. Take notes must be neat and organized. Complete this assignment graphing and questions. The assignment is due the second day of. 1. Baby chickens, like all baby birds, require a constant source of food. As chick grow, more energy is required for daily activities, and their food requirements increase. The following data table reports the average food eaten by a group of 10 chickens over a 5-day period. Baby Chicken Food Consumption Questions Food Day Consumed (g) 1. Identify the independent variable. 0 0.0 1 1.0 2 3.2 3 --- 4 10.6 5 15.4 2. Identify the dependent variables. 3. How much grain did the chicks eat on day 3? 2. The data below summarizes the results of a scientific experiment on the effects of a growth hormone (gibberellic acid) on plant height. A 0.1 molar solution was used in all experiments. Gibberellic Acid and Plant Height Gibberellic Acid (0.1 M) (ml) Plant Height at 1 Week (cm) 20 18.5 30 20.7 40 45.2 50 62.3 60 10.6 Questions 1. Identify the independent variable: 2. Identify the dependent variable: 3. Estimate the plant height at 10 ml gibberellic acid. 4. Estimate the plant height at 25 ml? 5. Explain why the plant height at 60 ml is not consistent with the rest of the data.
4. A team of scientists wanted to test the effects of temperature on the germination rate of pinto beans. They placed three sets of 100 pinto bean seeds in temperature-controlled chambers: Chamber A was set at 15 o C, chamber B at 20 o C, and chamber C at 25 o C. Their results are shown in Table 1 below: Day Germination Rates of Pinto Beans % Germination (15 o C) % Germination (20 o C) % Germination (25 o C) 0 0 0 0 2 2 10 10 4 10 30 50 6 20 40 80 8 20 60 90 Questions: 1. Identify the independent variable: 2. Identify the dependent variable: 3. Compare and contrast the growth rate of pinto beans at the different temperatures. 10 35 70 90 4. Summarize the experimental results. 5. A scientist designed an experiment to determine the effect of temperature on enzyme activity. The data are shown in Table 1 below. Be sure to include the error bars on your graph. Questions: 1. Identify the independent variable. 2. Identify the dependent variable. 3. Summarize the experimental results.
Assignment #7: Evolution Guided Notes Use the Evolution PPT s on my website to fill in the guided notes. Name Per Chapter 20: Origin of Life 1. Identify the time frame, conditions, and evidence for each of the following steps leading to current life forms on earth. a. Origin of the earth b. Prokaryotes c. Oxidizing atmosphere d. Eukaryotic cells e. Multicellular life 2. Describe the theory of endosymbiosis. 3. What is special about chloroplasts and mitochondria? 4. Describe the hypothesized conditions on earth when life arose. 5. Based on the hypothesis about the origin of life, list the 4 events that are thought to be required for the formation of life. d.. 6. Why is RNA now thought to be the first genetic code? 7. What did Oparin, Haldane, Miller and Urey do to support the various theories of life? 8. What is the basis of the ification system developed by Linneaus? 9. Why is taxonomy considered a work in progress? 10. What are two problems with the five kingdom system of ification? 11. Which prokaryote is closer to the eukaryotes? List several reasons for your answer. 12. Place the following metabolic processes in an order that fits this hypothesis for the origin of life: Photosynthesis, Aerobic Respiration, Fermentation, Nucleic Acid replication (RNA or DNA), Membrane transport
13. Label the diagram to explain the Miller and Urey experiment to test the Abiotic Synthesis hypothesis. 14. Label the diagram to indicate the major events, the time frame, of the origin of life on Earth. Chapter 17: Darwin, Evolution and Evidence 15. Describe Lamarck s theory of evolution. 16. How did the observations during his voyage on the Beagle influence Darwin s theories? 17. What was so important about the Galápagos Islands in Darwin s observations? 18. What is the driving force behind the evolution of the 14 species of finches on the Galapagos? 19. What were the five inferences Darwin made after visiting the Galapagos? d. e. 20. How did Darwin s experience with artificial selection influence his theories of evolution? 21. What is the primary mechanism for evolutionary change? 22. What is another name for a successful trait? 23. What are the three conditions in nature that must be met to drive natural selection?
24. Briefly discuss how artificial selection leads to new species 25. What is a Homologous structure and how do they support the theory of evolution by Natural Selection? 26. What is an Analogous structure? 27. What is parallel evolution, give an example 28. Compare and Contracts Convergent and Divergent evolution, give an example of each. 29. How does the molecular record support the theory of evolution by means of Natural Selection? 30. For each of the following, indicate how it is used as evidence of evolution by natural selection. a. Paleontology b. Biogeography c. Homologous structures d. Vestigial organs e. Embryology 31. How are pesticide resistance and drug resistance evidence of Natural selection? 32. List the different types of Natural selection and give an example of each 33. Discuss how a Lion s Mane leads to great fitness. Chapter 18: The Evolution Of Populations 34. What is another name for favorable traits? 35. What are (3) sources of mutations? a. b. c. 36. What are the (5) agents of evolutionary change? a. b. c. d. e. 37. Describe in detail how mutation leads to a change in relative fitness. 38. Why is genetic variation important to evolution? 39. What is the role of mutations to forming variation?
40. What factors of sexual reproduction lead to variations within a population? 41. Population genetics puts a mathematical approach to the study of microevolution. Define each of the terms commonly used in population genetics. a. population: b. gene pool: c. allele frequency: 42. How does genetic drift apply to each of the following? Give an example of each. Founders effect: Bottleneck effect 43. List the five conditions that must be met by populations to insure stability (no evolution). d. e. 44. Assuming Hardy-Weinberg distribution of genes in a population, write the equation that describes genotype frequencies. 45. Define the following: a. p= b. 2pq= c. q= 46. How does Hardy Weinberg account for large numbers of people that are heterozygous for Sickle Cell? a. What is that called? b. What do sickled cells provide an advantage? Chapter 19: The Origin Of Species 47. Define the term species. 48. Define and give an example for each of the following mechanisms that produce reproductive isolation. a) Geographic isolation b) Temporal isolation c) Behavioral isolation d) Gamete isolation e) Postzygotic Mechanisms f) Hybrid inviability g) Hybrid sterility 49. Define allopatric speciation. 50. Define sympatric speciation
Assignment #8: Free Response Question Name Per Due the 2 nd day of AP Biology Answers must be in essay form (no intro or conclusion paragraphs required for Biology FRQs). Please letter your response to make grading easier but outline form is not acceptable. Labeled diagrams may be used to supplement discussion, but in no case will the diagram alone suffice. It is important that you read the entire problem completely before you begin to write your response. Write all answers on a sheet of notebook paper (answer must be handwritten). To determine the likelihood that a patient with a bacterial infection who is in the intensive care unit (ICU) of a hospital could be successfully treated with antibiotics, researchers investigated the frequency of antibiotic resistance in bacteria taken from patients in ICUs in the California from 2004 to 2010. The data from the investigation are shown in the table, along with the overall change in the frequency of bacterial resistance in patient samples from 2004 to 2010. INCIDENCE OF ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE IN PATIENTS ADMITTED TO ICUs FROM 2004 TO 2010 Antibiotic Percent of All Samples Demonstrating Antibiotic Resistance in 2010 Overall Change in Percent Resistance to Antibiotics from 2004 to 2010 Ciprofloxacin 19 +10 Keflex 22 +6 Ampicillin 65 +3 Levaquin 11 +1 Zithromax 22 0 a) A patient was admitted to the ICU in November 2010 with an unidentified bacterial infection. Based on the data from the study, identify the following: The antibiotic that was most likely to be effective for treating the infection. The antibiotic that was least likely to be effective for treating the infection. b) Using the data, provide justification for the claim that antibiotic resistance may arise in bacterial species. c) Describe 3 different processes by which antibiotic resistance develops in bacterial cells. d) Describe 2 features of natural selection that lead to the spread of antibiotic resistance in a population over many generations. Give 1 reason that the development of antibiotic resistance is an example of evolution.