Grades 3-7. Light. Learning Lapbook with Study Guide. A Journey Through Learning

Authors-Paula Winget and Nancy Fileccia Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning Pages may be copied for other members of household only. For group use, please see our website to purchase a classroom/co-op license. Please check our website at: www.ajourneythroughlearning.com While you are there, sign up for our email newsletter and receive a FREE lapbook! You ll also receive great discount codes, special offers, find out what s new and what s to come! Join us on Facebook! Clipart is from www.clipart.com with permission Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 2

Things to Know Hamburger Fold-Fold horizontally Hotdog Fold-Fold vertically Dotted Lines-These are the cutting lines. Accordion Fold-This fold is like making a paper fan. Fold on the first line so that title is on top. Turn over and fold on next line so that title is on top again. Turn over again and fold again on the next line so that title is on top. Continue until all folds are done. Cover Labels-Most of the booklets that are folded look nicer with a label on top instead of just a blank space. They will be referred to as cover label. How Long Does it Take to Complete the Lapbook? Doing a study guide page and mini-booklet a day, a 3-folder lapbook takes about one month to complete. However, you can expand the study portion and make it last as long as you like! That s the beauty of homeschooling! Do it YOUR way! Lapbook Assembly Choices (see photos on how to fold and glue your folders together) We recommend using Zip Dry Glue or Elmer's Extreme. Choice #1 -Do not glue your folders together until you have completely finished all three folders. It is easier to work with one folder instead of two or three glued together. Choice #2 -Glue all of your folders together before beginning. Some children like to see the entire project as they work on it. It helps with keeping up with which folder you are supposed to be working in. The choices are completely up to you and your child! How do I know where to place each template in the folder? Folder 1 This placement key tells you the template goes in the first folder at the top of the left flap. Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 3

Folding a Lapbook Base Original fold line Gather the number of folders required for the project. Fold them flat as seen here. For each folder, fold the left and right sides inward toward the original line to create two flaps. Crease so that the highest part of each flap is touching the original line. It is important not to let the two flaps overlap. You may want to take a ruler and run it down each crease to make it sharper. Glue your folders together by putting glue (or you may staple) on the inside of the flaps. Then press the newly glued flaps together with your hands until they get a good strong hold to each other. Follow this step to add as many folders as you need for your project. Most of our lapbooks have either 2 or 3 folders. G L U E Highest part of flap. G L U E G L U E G L U E Photo of a completed lapbook base Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 4

Supplies and Storage *Lapbook Pages *3 Colored File Folders *Scissors *Glue *Stapler *Brads (not needed for every lapbook. If brads are not available, a stapler will do.) *Hole Puncher (again, not needed for every lapbook.) To make the storage system (optional) See details below about the use of a storage system. *Duct tape (any color) *One 3-ring binder *Hole Puncher My child has made several lapbooks. Can I store all of the lapbooks together in one place? Yes! A three-ring binder serves as a great place to keep your lapbooks. This method of storage not only keeps your lapbooks from getting lost but also keeps them neat and readily available to share with dad, grandparents, friends, etc. When you are through sharing your lapbooks, just place the three-ring binder back on your bookshelf! Below are step-by-step directions of how to prepare each lapbook to be placed a in a three-ring binder. Close the lapbook. Measure a piece of duct tape that is as long as the lapbook. Place the edge of the duct tape on the top edge of the lapbook. Then fold the duct tape over so that it can be placed on the bottom edge. Make sure to leave enough duct tape sticking out from the edges to punch three holes. Be careful when punching the holes that you do not punch the holes in the folder. If you do, that s okay. Then place in three-ring binder. Depending on the size of your three-ring binder, you can store many lapbooks in it. Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 5

Folder 1 Electromagnetic Energy The Science of Light Ultraviolet Light Electromagnetic Waves Light as a Wave Light as a Particle Other Waves Infrared Light Folder 2 Light is Color Refraction Fun Facts Electromagnetic Spectrum Ahazen Einstein Word Search Reflection Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 7

Table of Contents Light Electromagnetic Waves Infrared and Ultraviolet Light The Other Waves Dual Nature of Light Light is Color Refraction Reflection Alhazen Albert Einstein Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 8

Light For thousands of years, people have been wondering about light. Although it s one of the most ordinary and everyday parts of life, scientists have always wanted to unravel its mysteries. What is light? Where does it come from? Why does it do the things it does? Ancient scientists studied light and did experiments. They showed the characteristics of light- reflection and refraction- through their tests. However, they had many different ideas about why light acted the way it does, and what it is. One mathematician, Pythagoras, thought light came from the eyes of people and bounced off things. Another scientist, Epicurus, said it was the opposite- the light came from the objects and traveled to people s eyes. During the dark and middle ages, not many new things were discovered, especially in Europe. In the continent of Asia, however, science grew during this time. Scientists in western Asia and the middle east made important discoveries about light. An Arabian scientist, Alhazen, wrote over two hundred books, including a book on optics that was translated into Latin. His experiments explained more about refraction and reflection, and studied the anatomy of the human eye. He concluded that eyes certainly don t project light rays, but rather receive light that bounces off other things. Later, during the 17 th century, more progress was made. Isaac Newton and Christian Huygens each had different theories for the nature of light. Interestingly enough, the two theories contradicted each other but they both had compelling evidence. It wasn t until turn of the 20 th century that the question began to be resolved. Quantum theory is now the standard scientific explanation for the behavior of light, and has been reinforced again and again in the last century. Light is now known to be on a spectrum of electromagnetic energy, the power that emanates from the sun and stars. Other parts of the electromagnetic spectrum produce other kinds of energy, such as heat, microwaves, and x-rays. It s hard to believe that all these things are different parts of the same energy that allows us to watch a beautiful sunset over the sea. Light is one of the most obvious things around us, but has been one of the most difficult to discover and prove. The study of light has allowed us to reach out of our world and discover galaxies hundreds of millions of miles away. It has given us the power to study things so small that for hundreds of years no one even knew they existed. Light has given us telescopes and microscopes, cameras and moving pictures, and even everyday reading glasses. Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 10

Folder 1 Cut out each piece on this page and the pieces on the next page. Stack with title page on top and tabs in order. Staple down left hand side. Glue into lapbook. Directions: Write about each topic in the booklet. Ancient Theories The Science of Light Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 11

Electromagnetic Waves Light is one form of electromagnetic energy. This energy comes from the sun, but it can also come from other things, like a burning flame or a light bulb. This energy is the source of all light on earth. As energy reaches earth, it fuels the growth of plants and animals, and causes the heating of water and air, which gives us weather. Light is the kind of electromagnetic energy that we can see, and so it is called visible light. There are other kinds of electromagnetic energy that we cannot see. X-rays, gamma rays, ultraviolet light, microwaves, and radio waves are all different types of electromagnetic energy, and they are all at different wave-lengths, or frequency. You might know that different frequencies on your radio cause different stations to come over the speakers. These are actually differences in the length of the radio waves. Electromagnetic energy travels as a wave. The wave itself travels at the same speed, no matter what type of electromagnetic energy it is. This is known as the speed of light, although all the other types of electromagnetic energy also travel at that speed. The speed of the waves changes as it passes through different materials, but it is the same for all the different types of energy. So radio waves, light waves, and microwaves all travel through water at the same speed. This is confusing, but imagine it as a wave on the ocean. The speed that the waves are moving toward land is similar to the speed that light travels. However, the distance between the waves themselves is similar to the different types of energy. While visible light and gamma rays travel at the same speed, the distance between the waves of the gamma rays, is much faster then the frequency of the visible light waves. Visible light is actually a very tiny part of the spectrum, or spread, of electromagnetic waves. Out of the whole electromagnetic spectrum, visible light is only one-thousandth of one percent. On one end of the spectrum, radio, microwave, and infrared light have longer frequencies then visible light. On the other end, gamma rays, x rays, and ultraviolet light have faster frequencies. Another characteristic of electromagnetic radiation is the amount of energy it contains. Faster frequencies mean there is more energy contained in the ray. As you get farther up the spectrum into faster and faster wave lengths, some forms of electromagnetic energy can hurt or even kill people. Slower frequencies, like radio waves, have less energy because the waves are farther apart. These waves can actually be measured with inches or even yards between each wave. Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 13

Folder 1 Read Electromagnetic Waves Cut out the booklet as one piece. Hotdog fold in half. Glue into lapbook. Directions: Write what you learned. Electromagnetic Energy Copyright 2014 A Journey Through Learning 14