EKC 212 Fluids Flow For Chemical Engineering [Aliran Bendalir Kejuruteraan Kimia]

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UNIVERSITI SAINS MALAYSIA First Semester Examination 011/01 Academic Session January 01 EKC 1 Fluids Flow For Chemical Engineering [Aliran Bendalir Kejuruteraan Kimia] Duration : 3 hours [Masa : 3 jam] lease check that this examination paper consists o SIX pages o printed material and FOUR pages o Appendix beore you begin the examination. [Sila pastikan bahawa kertas peperiksaan ini mengandungi ENAM muka surat yang bercetak dan EMAT muka surat Lampiran sebelum anda memulakan peperiksaan ini.] Instructions: Answer ALL (4) questions. [Arahan: Jawab SEMUA (4) soalan.] In the event o any discrepancies, the English version shall be used. [Sekiranya terdapat sebarang percanggahan pada soalan peperiksaan, versi Bahasa Inggeris hendaklah diguna pakai.] /-

- - [EKC 1] Answer ALL questions. Jawab SEMUA soalan. 1. [a] The pressure rise, Δ across a centriugal pump rom a given manuacture can be expected to depend on the angular velocity o the impeller (ω), the diameter (D) o the impeller, the volume low-rate (Q), and the density o the luid (ρ). By using the method o Buckingham i Theorem, show that Kenaikan tekanan, Δ melalui pam empar yang diberi oleh pengilang dijangka bergantung kepada halaju sudut (ω), garis pusat pendesak (D), jumlah kadar aliran (Q), dan ketumpatan bendalir (ρ). Dengan menggunakan kaedah Teorem i Buckingham, tunjukkan bahawa ρω D Q = Φ ωd 3 A model pump having an impeller diameter o 0.00 m is tested in the laboratory using water. The pressure rise when tested at an angular velocity o 40π rad/sec is shown in Figure Q.1.[a]. am model yang mempunyai diameter pendesak 0.00 m diuji dalam makmal dengan menggunakan air. Kenaikan tekanan apabila diuji pada halaju sudut 40π rad/saat ialah seperti ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S.1.[a]. Figure Q.1.[a]. Rajah S.1.[a]. What would be the pressure rise or a geometrically similar pump with an impeller diameter o 0.35 m used to pump water operating at an angular velocity o 80π rad/sec and at a low rate o 0.070 m 3 /s? 3/-

- 3 - [EKC 1] Apakah kenaikan tekanan yang dijangkakan untuk pam yang serupa secara geometri tetapi dengan diameter pendesak 0.35 m dan digunakan untuk mengepam air pada halaju sudut 80π rad/saat dan kadar aliran sebanyak 0.070 m 3 /s? [15 marks/markah] [b] Incompressible luid lows steadily between two parallel plates, as shown in the Figure Q.1.[b]. At the inlet, the low is uniorm, with velocity, u = U 0 = 8 cm/s, while the low develops into the parabolic laminar proile at downstream with u = az(z 0 z), where a is a constant. I z 0 = 4 cm and the luid is SAE 30 oil at 0 o C, what is the value o u max in cm/s? Bendalir tidak termampat mengalir di antara dua plat selari, seperti yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah S.1.[b]. ada salur masuk, aliran adalah seragam dengan halaju, u = U 0 = 8 sm/s, manakala aliran berbentuk parabola dalam proil lamina berlaku di hiliran dengan u = az (z 0 - z), di mana a ialah pemalar. Jika z 0 = 4 sm dan bendalir tersebut ialah minyak SAE 30 pada 0 o C, apakah nilai U max dalam sm/s? [10 marks/markah] Figure Q.1.[b]. Rajah S.1.[b].. [a] Data were obtained rom measurements on a vertical section o old, corroded, galvanized iron pipe o.5 cm inside diameter. At one section the pressure was 1 = 700 ka; at a second section, 5.5 meters lower, the pressure was = 500 ka. The volume low rate o 0 o C water was 11. m 3 /hr. What percent savings in pump power would result i the pipe was restored to its new, clean relative roughness? Data diperolehi daripada pengukuran paip menegak tergalvani besi yang lama, berkarat dan bergaris pusat dalaman.5 sm. ada satu bahagian, tekanan 1 = 700 ka, pada bahagian kedua, 5.5 meter lebih rendah, tekanan = 500 ka. Kadar alir isipadu air pada 0 o C adalah 11. m 3 /jam. Berapakah peratusan penjimatan kuasa pam akan diperolehi jika paip baru dengan kekasaran relati baru dan bersih digunakan? [15 marks/markah] 4/-

- 4 - [EKC 1] [b] A gas with speciic heat ratio o 1.4 lows along a circular pipe with a diameter, D o 35 mm. The Mach number at the entrance to the pipe is 0.. Assume adiabatic low conditions with riction loss coeicient given by = 0.005. Calculate the distance rom the entrance o the pipe to the section at which the Mach number will be 0.6. For compressible and adiabatic low, does the wall riction accelerate or decelerate the low? Explain. Gas dengan nisbah haba tentu 1.4 mengalir di sepanjang paip bulat dengan diameter, D, 35 mm. Nombor Mach pada kemasukan paip ialah 0.. Andaikan keadaan aliran adiabatik dengan pekali kehilangan geseran, = 0.005. Kira jarak dari kemasukan paip ke bahagian paip di mana nombor Mach adalah 0.6. Bagi aliran boleh mampat dan adiabatik, adakah geseran dinding mempercepatkan atau menurunkan kadar aliran? Terangkan. [10 marks/markah] 3. [a] A spherical particle is settling in still air at 30 o C and 1 atm. The particle has a density o 150 kg/m 3 and a diameter o 8 μm. Take air density and viscosity as 1.1 kg/m 3 and 1.7 x 10-5 kg/ms, respectively, calculate: Satu zarah berbentuk sera jatuh di dalam persekitaran udara tenang 30 o C dan 1 atm. Zarah tersebut mempunyai ketumpatan 150 kg/m 3 dan berdiameter 8 μm. Dengan mengambil ketumpatan dan kelikatan udara masing-masing 1.1 kg/m 3 and 1.7 x 10-5 kg/ms, kirakan: [i] [ii] [iii] [iv] article terminal velocity Halaju terminal zarah Drag orce Daya hela Buoyancy orce Daya apungan Drag coeicient ekali hela [14 marks/markah] [b] Water is lowing at a velocity o 0.0 m/s in a pipe o 0.5 m in diameter. In the pipe, there is an oriice with a hole diameter o 0.15 m. Take water density and viscosity as 1000 kg/m 3 and 1.0 x 10-3 kg/ms, respectively, calculate the pressure drop across the oriice? Air mengalir pada kelajuan 0.0 m/s di dalam suatu paip berdiameter 0.5 m. Di dalam paip ini terdapat sebuah oriis berdiameter 0.15 m. Dengan mengambil ketumpatan dan kelikatan air masing-masing 1000 kg/m 3 dan 1.0 x 10-3 kg/ms, kirakan kejatuhan tekanan di sepanjang oriis tersebut. [6 marks/markah] 5/-

- 5 - [EKC 1] [c] Using velocity guidelines, what is the optimum pipe diameter or 165 gpm water? Dengan menggunakan garis panduan halaju, apakah diameter paip optimum untuk air 165 gpm? [5 marks/markah] 4. [a] A partial oxidation is carried out by passing 0. m/s air containing 1 mol % hydrocarbon through 40-mm ID m height vertical tubes packed with 1 mm catalyst pellets. The air enters the bed rom the bottom at 00 o C and atm. The density o the catalyst pellets is 100 kg/m 3 and their sphericity is 0.9. The reactor operates at 00 o C. The air viscosity and density are.6 x 10-5 a.s and 1.54 kg/m 3, respectively. Assume voidage o packed bed = 0.45; engoksidaan separa dijalankan dengan mengalirkan 0. m/s udara yang mengandungi 1 mol % hidrokarbon melalui tiub menegak berketinggian m dan ID 40-mm dan ianya dipadatkan dengan pelet mangkin 1 mm. Udara memasuki lapisan dari bawah pada 00 o C dan atm. Ketumpatan pelet mangkin adalah 100 kg/m 3 dan keseraannya 0.9. Reaktor beroperasi pada 00 o C. Kelikatan dan ketumpatan udara masing-masing.6 x 10-5 a.s dan 1.54 kg/m 3. Anggap lompangan untuk lapisan terpadat = 0.45; [i] [ii] Calculate outlet pressure rom the packed bed. Kirakan tekanan keluaran dari lapisan terpadat. Calculate the air lowrate that just enough to luidize the solids. Kirakan kadar aliran udara yang secukupnya untuk membendalirkan pepejal. [iii] Calculate velocity required to expand the luidize bed by 30%. Kirakan halaju yang diperlukan bagi mengembangkan lapisan terbendalir sebanyak 30%. Given : Diberi : Φ s ε 3 m = 1/14 [15 marks/markah] [b] What is the dierence between required net positive suction head (NSH R ) and available net positive suction head (NSH A )? Apakah perbezaan di antara turus sedutan positi bersih yang diperlukan (NSH R ) dan turus sedutan positi bersih sedia ada (NSH A )? [3 marks/markah] 6/-

- 6 - [EKC 1] [c] A luid at 85 o F is pumped through the system shown in Figure Q.4.[c] at the rate o 100 gpm. The speciic gravity o luid is 1., and its vapour pressure is 1.44 psi. The reservoir is at atmospheric pressure o 14.7 psi. The luid level below pump centerline is 5. eet. The riction head is known to be 3.54 eet. I the pump manuacturer speciies a required NSH o 18 eet, will the pump be suitable or this service? Suatu bendalir bersuhu 85 o F dipamkan melalui sistem seperti yang ditunjukkan pada Rajah S.4.[c]. pada kadar aliran 100 gpm. Graviti tentu bendalir adalah 1. dan tekanan pemeruapan adalah 1.44 psi. Takungan adalah pada tekanan atmosera 14.7 psi. Aras bendalir dari bawah garis tengah pam adalah 5. kaki. Turus geseran ialah sebanyak 3.54 kaki. Sekiranya pengilang pam menetapkan turus sedutan positi bersih yang diperlukan adalah 18 kaki, adakah pam ini sesuai bagi perkhidmatan tersebut? [7 marks/markah] Figure Q.4.[c]. Rajah S.4.[c]. - ooooooo -

- 7 - [EKC 1] Appendix Isentropic Flow dv V da 1 = A (1 Ma ) T To = 1+ 1 [( k 1) / ] Ma o = 1 + 1 [( k 1) / ] k k Ma 1 Fanno Flow 1 (1 k Ma ) k + 1 + ln Ma k 1 [( k + 1) / ] + [( k 1) / ] Ma = Ma * ( ) D T T * = 1+ ( k + 1) / [( k 1) / ] Ma * 1 = Ma 1 + ( k + 1) / Ma [( k 1) / ] 1/ Isothermal low ( X T X D M ) = ln (1 kma ( DMa ) + ) kma a b = G ρ a RT ln + ρ b ( L L ) b r H a Moody Chart /-

- 8 - [EKC 1] Dimensionless number Approximate hysical roperties o Water at Atmospheric ressure 3/-

- 9 - [EKC 1] Equivalent Sand Grain Roughness, k s, For Various ipe Materials Immersed body, u t ρ s g d p 1 3 ρ d p = ; Fd = 3πµ d put ; FB = π ( ) ρ. g ; 18ν 6 C d 4µ = ρ u d t p ρu 4 For oriice; = (1 ) ; β C D d β = d 1 4/-

- 10 - [EKC 1] For velocity guidelines 1 t 3 = 7.4805 gallon For luidization; S L m ( 1 ε ) 150µ V 1.75ρ ( V ) 1 ε = x + x ; 3 3 = ( 1 ε m )( ρ p ρ ) g L φ D ε φ D ε L (1 ε ) = (1 ε ) m L S m ;.31x pressure Head = ; where head in t and pressure in psi. SG NSH A = (h p h vapor ) h + Z s