Geography and Environmental Studies The subject includes all aspects of research - conceptual, substantive and applied - conducted within the disciplines of geography and environmental studies, as broadly defined. This research embraces a wide range of enquiries into natural, environmental and human phenomena, and their interrelationships in particular systems, contexts and locations. It includes the fields of physical and human geography (eg, geomorphology, biogeography, Quaternary science; and economic, social, cultural and historical geography), as well as those of environmental geography and environmental studies (eg, environmental governance, management and economics). It includes work on the history of geographical and environmental enquiry, as well as on technologies that are central to some research in geography and environmental studies, such as remote sensing and geospatial analyses. The subject is therefore broadly based in its intellectual scope and substantive content, and is inherently interdisciplinary. 42
Geography and Environmental Studies 43
German, Dutch and Scandinavian Languages The subject includes the languages, literature, cultures and societies of the German-speaking countries, the Low Countries, Scandinavia and Iceland, and relevant communities elsewhere, from the earliest times to the present day; Yiddish language and literature; and translation studies. 44
Health Services Research The subject includes: research that can be applied, theoretical and methodological. It focuses on healthcare, healthcare systems, services and policy. Health services research informs decision making in healthcare, health services and policy, and may include research from any healthcare discipline including: medical sociology, medical statistics and biostatistics, health psychology, clinical psychology, health economics, modelling, clinical trial methodology and organisation, community-based clinical trials, medical anthropology, medical geography, medical ethics, medical education, healthcare policy evaluation, health service organisation and management, health technology assessment, patient experience, clinical epidemiology and decision analysis, methodologies for complex interventions and health informatics. 45
History The subject includes all aspects of the study of the past except those specifically falling within the remit of other subjects.the subject covers all areas of history, including but not limited to (listed alphabetically): business history, cultural history, economic history, environmental history, historiography,history of Britain, Ireland and Continental Europe (late Roman to the present) history of ideas, history of North America, South America, Africa, Asia and Australasia, history of science,technology and medicine, imperial/colonial history international history, local and regional history, media history, military history, oral history, political history, public history religious history, social history,women's and gender history. This list is illustrative rather than exhaustive: it does not reflect any judgements about the relative significance of the subject areas, nor does it specify 'fields.' 46
History 47
History of Art, Architecture and Design The subject encompasses the history, criticism, theory, historiography, pedagogy and aesthetics of art, design and architecture in their widest chronological and geographical framework. The subject covers all areas of the history of art, architecture and design, including but not limited to: visual and material culture applied and decorative arts, and craft dress and fashion photography, time-based and digital media landscape and garden design museology and curatorship conservation and technical art history work in cognate fields such as cultural, social and gender studies, and archaeology and anthropology, where these relate to the visual arts. 48
Iberian and Latin American Languages The subject covers Iberian and Latin American languages, literatures, cultures and social and cultural histories, political, social and historical studies, from medieval times to the present day. This might include: lusophone studies; Hispanic linguistics; translation and translation studies; film, media and theatre studies; gender studies; literary and cultural theory; comparative literature; cultural studies; thought and philosophy; pedagogic research. 49