Safe use of nanomaterials Good examples from Finland SweNanoSafe Fokusmöte Nanomaterial i arbetsmiljön, World Trade Center, October 24, 2017; Kai Savolainen, MD, Research Professor, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 1
ENGINEERED NANOMATERIALS IN FINNISH WORKPLACES It is not exactly known how many workers are currently exposed to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) in Finland; exposure to other nanosized particles is more common. The estimated number of enterprises associated with nanotechnologies and ENM exceeded 800 in 2013; marked growth since 2006 when the number was < 40 The estimated number of workers associated with tasks somehow connected to nanotechnologies was about 22,000 in 2013 in Finland Results of individual ENM exposure assessment campaigns exist, but not systematic data of exposure to ENM in Finland; the measured exposures have usually been low in Finnish companies 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 2
Industry sectors using ENM in Finland The main areas of the use of ENM include: Paint production, construction industry, production of car tires Cosmetic products: eye liners, sun-block creams, skin lotions Some more exotic applications: Multi-walled carbon nanotubes to produce films for mobile phone and computer screens Nano-diamonds for industrial uses, e.g. for oil lubricants in engines Atomic layer deposition to prevent oxidation of silver jewelry 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 3
NANOPARTICLES IN MY WORKPLACE? 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 4
SCAFFOLD: Innovative strategies, methods and tools for occupational risks management of manufactured nanomaterials in the construction industry EU FP7 2012-2015 www.scaffold.eu-vri.eu 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 5
VENTILATION PRINTERS SMALL OFFICE EQUIPMENT 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 6
COOKING BAKING FLOUR DUST 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 7
WELDING: RELEASE OF NANOPARTICLES SIMILAR TO ENGINEERED ONES, HUMAN EXPOSURE OLD FINDING ABRASION: A PORTFOLIO OF PARTICLE SIZES INCLUDING NANO-SIZED PARTICLES DIESEL-TRUCKS: LARGE NUMBER OF PARTICLES INCLUDING NANO-SIZED MECANICAL PROCESSING: PRODUCTION OF PARTICLES INCLUDING NANO-SIZE 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 8
Use of ENMs in the construction industry Most commonly used NMs Carbon based materials: nanotubes, nanofibers, C 60 fullerene Metal oxide NPs: SiO 2, TiO 2, Fe 2 O 3 Metal NPs: Ag, Cu Main applications Cement based construction materials (12%) Noise reduction and thermal insulation (7%) Surface-coatings (68%) Fire protection Generally, very limited information is supplied on the nanoadditives in the Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS) of the products. Carbon NF SiO 2 NPs C 60 9
COMBUSTION PROCESSES HOT AND HIGH-ENERGY PROCESSES 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 10
Integrated stainless steel production unit in Tornio, Finland (source: Anna-Kaisa Viitanen. Järvelä, M. et al. 2016. Characerization of particle exposure in ferrochromium and stainless steel production. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene. 13, 558-568. It seems that during stainless steel production number concentations of ENM tend to be high.
VAPORIZING CHEMICALS HANDLING OF MATERIALS IN POWDER FORM HANDLING OF NANOMATERIALS 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 12
>10 000 particles/cm 3 <10 000 particles/cm 3 ~10 000 100 000 particles/cm 3 ~10 000 5 000 000 particles/cm 3 Target level for engineered Viitanen, A.-K. ym. 2017. Workplace measurements of Ultrafine Particles - a Literature Review. Annals of Work Exposures and Health. 61, 749-758. Teollisesti tuotettujen nanomateriaalien tavoitetasoperustelumuistio. Työterveyslaitos 2013. nanomaterials 40 000 particles/cm 3 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 13
IMPORTANT TO IDENTIFY AS A PART OF RISK ASSESSMENT 13.9.2017 FIOH Anna-Kaisa Viitanen www.ttl.fi 14
2. QUICK GUIDES: 1.Risk Prevention 2.Risk Assessment 3.Risk Protection 4.Risk Management 3. TOOLKIT (Integration) Library of solutions for Risk Management 1. HANDBOOK (Project knowledge, Inputs from partners) 4. STANDARDIZATION (CEN TC 352/WG 3/PG 5/Scaffold) 15
Hierarchy of control (ISO/TS 12901-1:2012)
Best practices for prevention: SCAFFOLD recommendation Avoiding exposure by: Substitution of MNMs by conventional particles or by non hazardous MNMs Confinement of MNMs in the process, product, or matrix Isolation of potentially hazardous tasks and materials Best practice guide for risk prevention: http://scaffold.eu.vri.eu 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 17
Best practices for protection Collective protection Personal Protection Exposure register model Best practice guide for risk protection: http://scaffold.eu.vri.eu 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 18
Best practices for risk assessment Recommendations for: Hazard evaluation Exposure evaluation (control banding, measurement techniques) Limit values Best practice guide for risk assessment: http://scaffold.eu.vri.eu 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 19
Provisional nano-reference values Based on the precautionary principle! Not directly health-based. Used for making decisions on RMMs. First proposed in Germany by IFA (Institut für Arbeitsschutz der Deutschen Gesetzlichen Unfallversicherung) in 2009 http://www.dguv.de/ifa/en/fac/nanopartikel/beurteilungsmassstaebe/index.jsp The Netherlands (2011): SER (Social and Economic Council) http://www.ser.nl/~/media/files/internet/talen/engels/2012/2012_01/2012_01.ashx van Broekhuizen et al. (2012) Ann Occup Hyg, 56, 515-524 Finnish Institute of Occupational Health: Target levels for engineered nanomaterials; based on the nano-reference values. 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 20
Provisional nano-reference values Nanomaterial Reference value Examples Carbon nanotubes for which effects like those of asbestos are not excluded Biopersistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm; density >6000 kg/m 3 Biopersistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm; density <6000 kg/m 3 Non-biopersistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm 0,01 fibres/cm 3 (8h) SWCNT and MWCNT for which asbestos-like effects are not excluded 20 000 particles/cm 3 (8 h) Ag, Au, CeO 2, CoO, Fe, Pb, SnO 2 40 000 particles/cm 3 (8 h) Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, TiN, TiO 2, ZnO, nanoclay, carbon black, fullerenes also: CNT for which asbestos-like effects are excluded Applicable OEL Fats, NaCl, siloxane IFA, SER 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 21
FIOH target levels Nanomaterial Carbon nanotubes for which effects like those of asbestos are not excluded Bio-persistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm; density >6000 kg/m 3 Bio-persistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm; density <6000 kg/m 3 Non-bio-persistent granular nanomaterial 1-100 nm Bio-persistent granular nanomaterial mainly occurring as agglomerates (>100 nm) Reference value 0,01 fibres/cm 3 (8h) 20 000 particles/cm 3 (8 h) 40 000 particles/cm 3 (8 h) Applicable OEL 0.3 mg/m 3 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 22
http://scaffold.eu-vri.eu/filehandler.ashx?file=13742 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 23
Remember The use of nanomaterials is increasing within the construction sector (and other sectors) The product information seldom tells that nanomaterials are included Basic protective measures work well for nanomaterials The risk assessment should cover all chemicals and dusts ENM are just a part of that! 27-10-2016 FIOH Stockmann-Juvala www.ttl.fi 24
Thank you! Acknowledgements for many of the figures to Dr. Helene Stockmann-Juvala and Dr. Anna-Kaisa Viitanen, Finnish Institute of Occupational Health ttl.fi @tyoterveys @fioh tyoterveyslaitos tyoterveys Tyoterveyslaitos