Evaluation of Different Software Packages in Flow Modeling under Bridge Structures

4*6 $ " $D )>2A " B*C )(=(@$1 )'2/ &35 &/( L!1' 2 (// QR4 /d/d G*) T)!MIKE11 54 /'# 4 G(%?,J # ( A# # /; ( 7;# F K u S E# 5#/ 7#%5. #<8> 5"# " D#P 7"#B4 <P ISIS ( HECRAS 4 7"#B4!> t (. 54 J# D#/;8n J#<n 5#nR 7/ hh J8, F " 5#/ # v*b %#nr#". 1(#/ D#P (!> % 7"#B4. #> # US BPR X > # 4[ U/; > 7n ( #% ( > G #" <P.O 8 (? ( ;# #%?, J " M# ^#/ (,O #" #" ( U D [ ( % N%.,O ;# 54 7O5" # # #%?,J T 54 B# ). V 0 #%?,J #. 1(#/ #<. T 54 2 ^#/ G! 7"#B4 4[ U/; ( 7#<8> " D#P #?,J D#R 7/R ( # (HECRAS v#m') ISIS ( HECRAS?,J (! > " D#P 7"#B4 <P U/; > " D#P 7"#B4 #.4 %#nr#". ^#/ # 7#" 8M#, 8 MIKE11 " M# ^#/ G # n?, J ( # ;# HECRAS " M# ^#/ N % w 2 E ^#/?, J %!4[. F? %#nr#". MIKE11 ISIS =9 '>5 : 36 517+ 89 : 5 ; < ; < : 36 :&6A).HECRAS Evaluation of Different Software Packages in Flow Modeling under Bridge Structures Mohammad Taghi Dastorani 1 (Received Sep. 7, 2005 Accepted Nov. 8, 2006) Abstract This study is an independent and a comparative research concerning the accuracy, capability and suitability of three wellknown packages of ISIS, MIKE11 and HECRAS as hydraulic river modeling software packages for modeling the flow through bridges. The research project was designed to assess the ability of each software package to model the flow through bridge structures. It was carried out using the data taken from experiments completed by a 22meter laboratory flume at the University of Birmingham. The flume has a compound cross section containing a main channel and two flood plains on either side. For this study a smooth main channel and a smooth floodplain have been assumed. Two types of bridges are modeled in this research; a multiple opening semicircular arch bridge and a single opening straight deck bridge. For each bridge, two different simulations were carried out using two different upstream boundaries as low flow and high flow simulations. According to the results, all three packages were able to model arch and US BPR bridges but in some cases they presented different results. The highest water elevation upstream the bridge (maximum afflux) was the main parameter to be compared to the measured values. ISIS and HECRAS (especially HECRAS) seem to be more efficient to model arch bridge. However, in some cases, MIKE 11 produced considerably higher results than those of the other two packages. To model USBPR bridge, all three packages produced reasonable results. However, the results by HECRAS are the best when the outputs are compared to the experimental data. Keywords: Flow Modeling, Under Bridge Flow, Software Packages, Hydrodynamic Modeling, Bridge, ISIS, MIKE11, HECRAS. 1 Assistant Prof., Natural Resources Department, Yazd University, mdastorani@yazduni.ac.ir mdastorani@yazduni.ac.ir V U' V3,A _. T' V#; &L 29

8P'! $w d* ' ; HM$.[x] <'1 A 1.Z F*A 0 g' 5% 5. h? 2 6Q9H 8@3 5*'Z < 0; 1*H03=< 8!'= 03=< 0?.<< <'A 23 1%? F 6* < $ D H C)? ($ 1 $3#@: F*A $w d*?m$ )A $ 0= 2E3 I&H 13 9; <'Q & 1I&$H #UU, 2;) ISIS : _ [ ( Y93< d&$h?s) MIKE11 ( (FQ3 < j 6* d* H.( I*4 k 6?$ ) HECRAS <? <' F*A #P< 5. )A 1!= H2E3 < F*A 1I&$H ) 1? )A L& $ H< 1 ^ 0&U 6*.$3< <'= * " 09A H? * < F*A? 0@ < 2 E3 0? 6* d* H 1*3' ^ 1* <' <* 1< V; 1< G^' < # 5" S'3 < *<U 23 Q*$I* H2 E3 6* 5!. *3.$H< 1 $, 5, 0*U <' QJ*4 < $ $3.)? AO3 I Q )D 1G3 1HQJ*4 #UU, 5!. H<< TU, 6* < QJ3< < E' d* < $ 0=? 1I*2 M$ d* < E' 6*.[ ] )? $*< <? FQ3 EQ )< < +? < 1! M3; d* 0; )? h; GBU RB? 1J 5!. H << 6*.)? 0 ^ F4 NZ < < 1? 1UU, O" š* < 0 )? 1 Hk*4 0 : F4 < 0 $ E73 E' 6* <? ) 23 1< # *<U (5" # I EP.)? $ G^ <? <' 23 M3 H FUU, 0 1'J. TU, S 5@^ 0 )? r 0 ' L H << h? ),! )^< ) E73 '2 Z *3 M$ *3 0*U )A) TU, 6* < <? )A E' 6* GBU 1*93 a 5.$ 5!. F 9Z (1HQJ*4.$H<1 FJ3 < $ <? V; '9H E' TU, 6* < : $3#@: 0; ) ^?0@ <' # 5" S'3 (03H< < ) 1?'^ 5" 1 Halcrow /Wallingford Software 2 DHI Water and Environment 3 US Army Corps of Engineers H1? #@?, : 03=< 5" d* 1.Z <? 5, < F*A 1I&$H ) T^< 1? (? (4 S 1< #] 5 1I&$H 9 <4 'Z 0 1I *<$H H3 23 1QJ4 LQ'? ($ H V;. 0H4 $*" 0; 1': )= 1; 5': 1? H1< S'^ k*? H$*$".)? 0&B $ H FA gu3 19 < " h* #= 1! < $ # 3 )UU. < 23 5': 6* 1 &$H 1? (F4 :.[[] )?H? S'3 6* $*" f < FA gu3 < #=? 5': 34 )=? 1.Z < 0 0?'" S'^0 1*".[_] )? $J3 1? 0&B 1'= 0 1 &$H #!'= 0; $3'1 h* FA?? < 0&? H <* " 5': ku3 6Q3 /3 < 5&< 0 0I (? 5*P< 0 03 hc 5': 6* T^< 1* )A.$1 " 1.Z < 1I&$H $1 * M'9 1 (M$ <? (1.Z?0 5, M$ )=? )A 3 <' #: Z ()&. 6* <.[j] 0&B 5!. *3? <'1 )< 1! O".< 1 ^ <? <' 1! O" 1.Z )A (M$.$ ' ; * 1I*2 ( 1* M$ d* $3'1 M$ hc 6I& ($3< 0/. 5^ )^< $ D H 1I*2 HM$ 5. )A ' ; HM$.$ H )^ 0 *2H" 1U * 1 (03=< 1?$ 0 g' 5% 0.)? << FJ3 <'= 23 1@? 1*4; 8@&c 0; <'1 $*< 0 0 6* < 23 <$ H2 E3 (): 69H < 0 ^ <? <' 3< gu3 < 0; )? $* 0; 19 0>.[m l] )? << 0% 1'= *3 23 <' 6* 1*4; F 9Z < ^ 0A' <' 0 6* < )A 34 +?' 0; )? 17*3 0 1; <9: H2E3 Q ()3 6* C<' 1 0% +* < 1.Z Q*$I* 34 *3 0*U 0 6* < EP #UU, E73.1HQJ*4 * 1^ *3 23 ), (1@Z M3 š* F' : 0 03=< < 4 F*A 5, 1? ): 69H 0 0 ^ <$ 5': f{ F*A $ D H.[u o] )? <'= 1!= 1$X" 23 F4 hc < 6I& ()? $w 0? 1? < 03=< < 4 $. k $w 0? ' ; M$ H<; J <' RB? T9: 1 Q3 )&. L& $ 1 )^ $X" F4 $w d* M$ d* 073 < <'1 0 /3 < 30

0*" 0? < 0: VU 5" 23 5" 6*.)? $ << FJ3 v 5I < 5" 6* < F*A1< $U < <? #?0@ <.)? $ E73 <* F*A V; F*A F' : ), 0@.$H<1 FJ3 5" S'3 6* 0 g' < (_ 5I F*A F' : ), F*A 1< $U < 5" 6*? (03f < & jl/lj) <* F*A (03f < & _ / u) V;.)? 0 E73 ' 40.73 FX/UE ' N 5 ' FX/ 40.73 UE ' 39.8 EW/V TU, 6* < $ <? E' GBU 1*93 )v 9. 5 cm 23 cm 5 cm 17 cm 40.73 cm 19 cm 19 cm 40.73 cm 03H< < 1?'^ 5" GBU )v cd efb xh 12 B b 23 cm 5 cm 17 cm 40.73 cm 39.8 cm 40.73 cm 0*" 0? < 0: VU 5" GBU E )v TU, 6* < $ <? H2 E3 #J *+ (==w 3 FQ3 < I&H 13 9; <'Q & 1I&$H #UU, 2; Y93< d&$h?s I*4 k 6?$ (Version)0$' (p a 0*'3O) p (_ [ b) ~ ~p (p a0*') 3.1.0(Beta) :?' ISIS MIKE11 HECRAS 31

0.35 ArchBridge Plan: Plan 07 Birmingham 18mflume Legend 0.30 EG PF 1 l g3 () 0.25 0.20 0.15 WS PF 1 Crit PF 1 Ground Left Levee Right Levee Obs WS PF 1 0.10 0.05 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 BU )^' 9H 0 E' 1&'Z GBU F )v c $3 F*A S'3 < H )? <^ 2 E3 6*.)? )A 1I *< 8 ; 1 ISIS.$*93?0@ $3 _ F4 < 0; <1 ; 0 F3 6? #P< <$: 5..<'1 <? 0BU3 l H0I@ 69*" R*! 1?'^ 5" * 4 $. S 0 g' #@?, ISIS <'Q & d&$h #UU, 2; +?' 0; 1 <? 5!. *3 e? 6*.$H<1 E73 )? $ 0% <?? $ V/ QJ*4 < 1I*2 HM$ ),! F'4 <' FQ3 < <'A' " 0 g' H<< d* 1?'^ " * 4 $. S.)? 0 ^ 1* ^ 0@?, <' 1'! 0 6* < 03H< $ D 03H< " < " F' : ), 12 < F4 #%2A 0; <1 6* < 0; )? ;r 0 EP.[a ] )? $*< R*J,"1?'^ $ RB? 23 ; H03H< d* H * RB? ( j 0@?, )? '9? e'^ 5I 0; W 6* e'^ S g' 7 23 5" P <A 0 g' F*A.[a ] <<1 (<'193 0 /3 < 6* < (? L *)? 0 2*? 0 g'?0@ H$. F'1 E2& #'! < 6* F<< k'" '/ 0 )? <'A' 2 E3 < 0 L*.<; 0 M$ 0 <' 0@?, )A 1 ISIS (< 0: VU " <' < d&$h ; < 0; <1 ; 0 5" * 4 $. S )? EP 6* <.[aa] )? $*< R*J 5" H0H4 " ;$. 0; 1*A 8,A) 5" )?<P < GBU RB? d* 0; 5" )?< 6*" < 23 GBU RB? d* (V*< 4 1< < (E' < GBU RB? 6*=4) )?< 6*" +* GBU RB? <$: k.$ << ^ "M3 T9:" ) a~ ( /y ( /v ( ( 5!' < $ $3 h 0 /y /v GZU 0; $ * E' $ )A.$3<' 0 ^ 5" )?< 6*" )?< P < 0! )?< P 8!'= (J gu3 < 4 RB? }93 $3 <? 23 1 GBU RB? <$ (5" )?< 6*".$ 0 /3 < 1* F 03 6*=4 0; ($*< 1? *? 0@ E73 )A << <? (<' <'A' TU, S F < 0; H2E3.<Q3 #'! $ <? 03 < 1ƒ*' TU, F*".$H<1 FJ3 H2 E3 6* #J a M$A $3 GBU RB? k : ($ 0 'Z F9H M$ 0 1*F #'! 0 23 Q*< GBU RB? [l ('2 i$ BU RB? (E' )?< 6*" )?<P )9^ <.$*< 0 13 )9^ < 0; 1&. < ($ 0 /3 < d* 5!' (<'1 5 5" *"? 0; j <$. M'Z < E'.(y 5 ) $ << M$ 0 V3 5!' BU RB? ISIS :?' * 5.? 0@ )A 0; )? ' ; 2 E3 d* ISIS $w d* )&. < F*A d&$h 0 g' 5% 5IJ 1 H03 * <'= <'1 G^ <? <' #UU, 2; +?' YJ #'! 0 2 E3 6*.)? $ [ $ $&' FQ3 < I&H 13 9; <'Q & d&$h 2 St.Venant Equations 1 HR Wallingford 3 Springing Level 32

0rA 3 ( YIB! 0 g'?0@ ( 6*.$ ;1? 0@ V 9 0&< < 1I&$H F*< 5': ; <'1?0@ 23 4 1< " #f ( 6* < 734.$H< ^ 1? <' )?< 6*" +* << A )A $3'1 L& (<; 1'" VJD 1? * 5': 6* 0; H3 0; <' < 6 X9H.$ h? 4 1< " 5, 14 J3 0; 1&. < * $ H V )U 0 g' 1'"VJD 1? * #] F'1 $1 \ 5? '.$1 h? (<; 3 = y I 6 M< W e? F*A #@?, ( 6* 6*.$H<1 E73 0rA YIB! H3 )? h? 4 1< " #f F$ <* h H03=<.[ap] $193 4 1< " #f?0@ 0 <^ 0; D [ 1I *< ' F4 < 0; MIKE111I *<$H k (F3 6? #P<) 1Q?'" V 9 0&< ($ $ 3 e? #P< 6* 5..$ 1 5. 1 M9:.<'1 E73 R*! <$, 5 MIKE11 < < 1?'^ 5" < F*A #@?, _ '&< * $3#@: 0; )? $ 0@ < 4 S '&< * <.<'Q & #UU,?s.<1 ^ <? <' 5" )?< 6*" GBU )?< P GBU <'1 0@?, _ 0B )?<P T9: e? F*A 1< 1/ 2 3 / 2 Q = 0.7083C (2g) Y D us 2 Y * b 1 0.1294 us 0.0177 r Y us r 4 :F4 < 0; (p) (( /zam/s 2 ) 0rA : g ( 1< 0 g' h* :C D ($ 23 5" )?<P 1< " $3 < 0; F*A T9: :Y us j,3 S :r 0 ( e'^ S 5, < 03H< W: :b 0 5" e'^ )&. 6* < 0 )? r 0 EP.)? 0 e'^ /3 < 1B #'! 0 03=< M3 GBU *$93 #'!.<<1 0@?, 4 T9: <'1 0 MIKE112 E3 (< 0: VU H5" <' < T9: +* W F*A <4 RB? 0 g' #@?, < ( H 1 (4 S ;$. )&. 6* <.$H<1 E73 M3 1 MIKE11 HD 2 Biery and Delleur 3 Spring Line M$ < ($?1 M3 T9: )&. 0 F*A 0; 1*A 8,A) )?<P < 4 1< " RB? #@?, )A.$ $ 0@ <'1 <? [ B < 0: VU 5" d* < 5" 2 2 2 A A VB a B h ka B = + 2 1 2g A 4 A 1 2 V B 2g :F4 < 0; 1< " :h (a) (1 1< " 0 g' h* :k (1 O3 h* :a 2 ()?<P GBU < 1J@ A O3 h* :a 1 ): 0 03=< W: 0 1*A) $ <J GBU < 1J@ A ( ( /x[ m/s 2 ) 0rA :g (($ V; 5" F9=? F*A GBU RB? :A B ($ <J GBU < ):? 6Q3 :V B )?< 6*" GBU < F*A GBU RB? :A 4 ($ <J GBU < $U 0; )? )?<P GBU < F*A 1; GBU RB? :A 1 2*? 1&9. F*A.<1 < 23 1< " 5!. 0; 1'! < 0Q3 ^ /3$ )&. 6* < 5" P $ 0 g' $. d* 0; )? EP $ V;. 1 6 D 0 5" #' 0 ()? <'A' 2 E3 < 0;) 2*??M$.[a ] << <2 M$ MIKE11 :?' * E $&' Y93< d&$h 0?s +?' 0; MIKE11 2 E3 0@ )A 1?$ 0. 2 E3 d* G^ < ()? $ H03=< (@ < '? MU3 4 ); (F*A? 0@ )A 2 d*?? 2 E3 6*.)? 4 HM3; HV? < A )**$ (1.Z '/ 0 $w d*? )A 27 0? F4 < )? $X" <? 03=< 34 $3'1 0> +* 0 ; 0; $ 0@ F*A 5, : $3#@: 0? 6*.[aa] $*93 3 = y I H3 $3 < 0; V 9 5; 0&< 6* < +* )&. 6*.<1 ^ <? <' $1 23 $ H< )? G*? #] < 0; 1Q H F*A?0@ )A.$*931 5 )? V;. $ 2A )&. 0 1Q H 23 0 4 1< " }93 0 g' #@?, )&. 6* < 6 X9H 0; )? h? 13 6* 3.<1 E73 1. <' < 23 )? V FI F < F*A 1? * #] 6 X9H )? $ 2A F*A?0@ 0 3 0; )U ; h (4 RB? h 0; 1*H03=<.[ap] $ 1 dd'; ($3' k") J3 ' 33

<? )9^ 6* F*A 0@?, )A 2*? <$3? 0&< 2 E3 23 $*41 P ($. J F*A 0 1&. <.<'1 #@?, < 2*? 1$\c ) d' 'Z 0 #@?, < <'= 0 <'= 2 E3 )&. 6* <.$H<1 )&=<.[ay] <'1 O3 0&< e? O3 ) $H 0 1*H" 0B < M$ F'?@& 0 )? 1*$ < M$ F'?@&.)? V << F'?@& 0 3 M$ H" 0 g' *<U? 0 <4 )UU. +* F4 M$ 0 'Z 0 )? <? <' +* 0 0A' < $ $3 *<U 8@&c )&. 6* <.$ $"? <'1 1? <<1 <? QJ*4 * )@Z $HJ *<U 0 M$ 1A= (M$ H" $U?0 0A'. TU, <.<< š*<23 ($ $3) $ 0 g' +* 0 $ <? 1HQJ*4 E' š* 0 * 0 F*A (Q*< NZ <' F * F4 9^ E9 < GBU <* 1$X" M$ F'?@& ()? $ 0 /3 < $3 H2E3 < M$ )=? " (TU, 6* <.)< $H'3 8!'= (M$ < <? <' H" $*< 1? +* (M3 H M< ) <? #P< 0 g' h* 6 X9H E' *" 0 g' 1 )^< F*A 1< T9: 0@?, )A H2E3 < $ $3 H<< ('/ 6* 0.<' << M$ 0 <4? 0@ " 0 #'! 6*$ ($*< <? ' L E' < 34 < 5"? F<< ^ 5@^ H2E3 š*h < E' (1A= M$ H" V/ < F*A 1< F< < $*< š*<23 *" < $ $3 *<U 0 M$.$? E' +* M$ 0? 6*$ * %+ N < (<0: VU 5" 1?'^ 5" 0 g' HM$ <.$ E73 <* F*A 1< V; F*A 1< <??0@ T9: )&. < E' *" ) ($ 23 8 @^ 0; 'ZF9H E' *" H<< ISIS 2 E3 <.) ^ M3 <.<'1 $&' 2 E3 <'= +?' M3 T9: )&. M3 T9: 0 g' H<< <7* FI ( MIKE 112E3 L& ()3 *L"FI 2E3 <'= <? E' *" ) $ < M$ < $*< 0@?, 1?< #'! 0 *<U 6* FI 1. 0 HECRAS 2E3.( t 3 0B <? <'1 0@?, j 0B <? 5" )?<P GBU 2 2 2 2 a V A A V k * 2 N2 N2 N2 N2 H 1 = + a (v) 1 2g A A 2g 4 1 :F4 < 0; RB? < +?' ):? :V N2 ( 1 1< " h* :k* T9: )&. < F*A GBU RB? :A N2 (M3 T9: < 5" GBU ((5" )?<P) [ GBU < F*A GBU RB? :A 1 (M3 :g ((5" )?< 6*") l GBU < F*A GBU RB? :A 4 h* :a ):? G*' h* :a ( ( /x[ m/s 2 2 1 ) 0rA.)? ):? G*' e9 < 5" 03H< U? )9^ F*A RB? 0; 1&. ), <'@3 <4 RB? )&. < F*A )UU. < ()? 5; Q*< #P< MIKE11 )&. 6* <.<<1 ', J 0 $H<1 ^ <? <' 5" * < F*A 0@?, )A.)? <'A' o GA < <' 6* < J #: Z HECRAS :?' * F k +?' $ <? TU, 6* < 0; HECRAS = 3 k 6?$ O'&$H 1?$ 2; < 03=< 5, d*?0@ )? <^ 2E3 6*.)? $ 0% I*4 4 RB? }93 #@?, 23 $3c $3 F*A $w [ g' F*A V*O 23 13, \' (13, * )&. < 1I&$H #@?, E73 )A 2E3 6*.[av] $H< E73 1@Z H03=< 5; V? $w d* F*A <.[ay] )? $ 1.Z? )?< HM3; $w d* 5. d* #@?, 1! $ *4 HECRAS 0 GBU RB? d* O3 0&<.)? '? O3 0&< )A <$3? E 0 E <? $ GBU RB? $H 6 X9H 2E3 6*.<'1 5. 4 RB? }93 0@?, f < 23 (t 3 0&< 0? 0) YIB! f < O3 ).$H<1 ^ 1* <' 03=< W: F$ <* V; " ($*931 <'= 5" 03H< U? 0 $4 P 4 0 1&. <.$1 J ), F*A )UU. < $1 \ 4 1<.$H<1 E73 )&. < #@?, 2 E3 ()&. 6* ^ 4 e9 < +U 5" 03H< U? 0; )? 13 (M )&. 03H< 0L 23 $. 6* 0; )? 13 (E< )&. <1 F*A 0; 1&..<< ^c )&. )? " 89 5" ($ ;1 M] 5" <A Q*< #@: 0 * $ ;1 2*? 5" 1 Mixed Flow 34

(V F*A 1< 1?'^ 5"? 0@) $ $3 *<U 0*U < 4 RB? S 0B < H2 E3 š* H 5!. () ( %@(&'./pa./paz./pp ()HECRAS S './pap./pap./pap./pap./pap./pap ~ a z ~ z () MIKE 11 S ' ~ ~ ~ ~ () ISIS S ' a z y p y y a a z y p *3 *+ a p v y ~ /~ /v /yv z z/~ a aa ap av ay a~ (<* F*A 1< 1?'^ 5"? 0@) $ $3 *<U 0*U < 4 RB? S 0B < H2 E3 š* H 5!. () ( %@ (&'./p ~./p ~./p z ()HECRAS S './pay./p ~ v v a z ~ () MIKE 11 S ' v a () ISIS S './pay./pay./pay y a ~ v a a p v y ~ /~ /v /yv z z/~ a aa ap av ay a~ *3 E *+ 35

V F*A 1< < 0: VU 5" M$ < $ $3 $?0@ 4 RB? S F *+ () ( %@ (&'./pa./pa./paz./paz./paz./pa./pa./pa./pa v z ()HECRAS S './pay./pay p p p a ~ () MIKE 11 S ' ~ ~ ~ () ISIS S ' a a z y p a p v y ~ /~ /v /yv z z/~ a aa ap av ay <* F*A 1< < 0: VU 5" M$ < $ $3 $?0@ 4 RB? S N *+ () ( %@ (&'./p~./p~./p./p./p~./p~./p~./p~z./p~a z a z z z ()HECRAS S './p~y./p ~ ~ y v p a () MIKE 11 S ' v v a a () ISIS S ' y a ~ v a a p v y ~ /~ /v /yv z z/~ a aa ap av ay F*A?0@ 5!. *3.$H<1 FJ3 (<' <'A' 0; y &$A < h 0 <0: VU 5" <' < <* V; k*93 z ~ I < 4 RB? }93.)? $ << k*93 ~ P < 4 RB? }93 0 g' ~ I.)? $ << }93 6* (z I )? 1?'^ 5" )?< 6*" )?< VU 5" <* V; F*A *?0@ < h 0 VH M3 T9: )&. < E' *" ) F<< ^ +?' ) 6* 5 1< 0B 0 'Z 0 (<?1.<<1 < M$ < $ 0@?, 2 E3 <'= RO S ' E V; F*A?0@ 5!. *3 h 0 v p &$A <' <) $HJ *3 9H 0 1?'^ 5" < <* F*A 36

() xh 12bb l g3 0.50 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 #w, + z zf )C 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 ISIS MIKE11 HECRAS 89: ;< 8=>9> $ $3 *<U H2E3 š* H 5!. *3 e? 4 RB? }93 N )v V F*A 1< 1?'^ 5"?0@ < () xh 12b l g3 0.70 0.65 0.60 0.55 0.50 &, + z zf )C 0.45 0.40 0.35 0.30 0.25 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 ISIS MIKE11 HECRAS 89: ;< 8=>9> $ $3 *<U H2 E3 š* H 5!. *3 e? 4 RB? }93 T )v <* F*A 1< 1?'^ 5"?0@ < 1*3 GBU RB? < F*A 1< M GBU RB? < F*A H 0; << FJ3 1* 6* 073.)? $ 0*U?0@ H 0 < 1< <; 59: '= <' 6* < 2E3 0?.<$3 13$ D N = V? 1A= 1< V? 0 <^ 2 E3 0? H $ DH 0; ) F'1 1; 'Z 0 *3 1& ($3<' < 0: VU 5" 1?'^ 5"?0@ < 0; 14 V7. (4 RB? S :.$H<1 FJ3 <0: 0*U 1* <' 23 <L1 V? J F d* <? TU, 6* < *?0@ 0I * 0 0A'.) ^ 1* )A * 13 < ()? 0 #'! $3 F*A 0*U +U 1* 6* L& <$3 13$ D E' 4 V7. 1< (Q*< #@: 0 C)? 0 E73 1A= < F*A 37

0.25 #w, + z D #$ )C 0.20 () xh 12b l g3 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 ISIS MIKE11 HECRAS 89: ;< 8=>9> $ $3 *<U H2 E3 š* H 5!. *3 e? 4 RB? }93 U )v V F*A 1< < 0: VU 5"?0@ < 0.35 0.30 &, + z D #$ )C 0.25 () xh 12b l g3 0.20 0.15 0.10 0.05 0.00 0.0 1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0 7.0 8.0 9.0 10.0 11.0 12.0 13.0 14.0 15.0 16.0 ISIS MIKE11 HECRAS 89: ;< 8=>9> $ $3 *<U H2 E3 š* H 5!. *3 e? 4 RB? }93 V )v <* F*A 1< < 0: VU 5"?0@ < d*<23 QJ*4 < $ $3 *<U 0 Q*< 2 E3 0/. 5^ $U 0 <' 6* < MIKE11 *3.)? )? $ $3 *<U 23 Q*< 2 E3 < P $3 *<U 6*" 1;$3 ISIS 0? 0 $ 0% *3 0? 0 $ 0% *3 23 < 0: VU 5" <' <.$1 <' <.)? $ $3 *<U 0 d*<23 8 ; HECRAS # 0/. 5^ 'Z0 <' 1= < 34 $ L= ):? 23 5" )?< P < $ 0@?, 4 S 6*P.<' *3 < 0; <' 1*H" 6*1! F' : 0 0Z' FJ3 M$A < *<U 6*.$1 # H2E3 < <'1 $HJ M$A 6* < 0; 'Z F9H.)? $ << < 0*U < HECRAS +?' $ 0% *3 1?'^ 5" <' 38

D #$ )C %& c $ E73 *?0@ < 5" )?<P < F4 0 g' ):? S $. T *+ f )C %& c ( ' ^ )D () l g3 (' ^ )D () l g3 :?' <* 1< V 1< <* 1< V 1< <* 1< V 1< <* 1< V 1< /a / z /va /pvy /a /aa /pay /a a ISIS /av / /p~y /pay /av / /p~v /pav HECRAS /a /ap /pav /a /y / y / vv /y MIKE11 /ap~ / v /p /pa /ap / v /p /pa $ $3 *<U %@ 8' F $3#@: 0; 1I&$H $ 0= 2E3 0? TU, 6* < $w d*?0@ )A MIKE11 HECRAS (ISIS ^ 1* <' <0: VU 1?'^ " * < F*A +* F' : 0 F*A # $U < 5" H <' <.) TU, 5!. *3 0 0A'.) ; 0 )?<P :) F'1?0@ )A EP #3I 2E3 0? H $ D H a FJ3 1 *3 1& ($3< 5" S'3 < H * < F*A.$3<< *<U H2E3 6* +?' $ 0% *3 0*U p 5" * < F*A?0@ )A 0; ) $* $ $3 )^< 1*3' (HECRAS 8!'=) ISIS HECRAS (1?'^ <* 0! MIKE11 *3 1& C$3<< FJ3 J.<< 1^ *3 <0: VU 5" * < F*A?0@ 0B < v 5!. *3 0; $ D H ($3<< 0% 1&'U *3 2E3 0? H *<U 0 h 0 Q*< 2 E3 < 0*U < HECRAS.)? d*<23 $ $3 1*3' 23 <? 1. ( *3 )^< 0 0A' y 2E3 HECRAS 0 $ J TU, 6* <,1I.$ 1 5" * < F*A? 0@ )A h? MIKE11 0? 0 $ 0% *3 1?'^ 5" I: 5" S'3 6* *3 0; 1&. < ()? $ $3 *<U 6*" 1;$3 13 #$ /3.$1 P $U ISIS +?' $ 0% N! 2 E3 0? š* H < M$ A 6=? )A 0; < HECRAS ISIS 2 E3 < 0; ) $* ()? $ 0?0@ 0< EP 9; F MIKE11 0*U?0@ 59 F<; A 0; 1&. < $3<< E73 1. $*"?0@ <' 3 J F MIKE11 HB= E" )*< 5&< 0 2E3 6* F<;;.< E73 0 )? 1&. < 6*.)< 13 # )^< 0 3 1"" $3Q3 2 E3 0? H # 1@^ 07 F2 MIKE11 23 1I *3' /3.)? <' 0J @*U ($H<193 k*93 1I #'! 0 $ <7* 5" GBU RB? 8!'= $ H<1 E73 59: 6* Q*< 2 E3 < 0; 1&. < <'= <&\' 1*3' 0 6* < HECRAS 0 H2 E3 *3 N = ): 1J $?1 /3 0.$1 0 0 34 < 0 )? 1 1@?, 5&< ): 0 23 1J $ 0&U 1@^ 9^ < 0 <'1 A 17? ()=? < 2 E3 '< * )&'? 1*3 *3 0 1*B= )? 6 9 )&. 6* < 0 $1 M$.<' 59, H2E3 1= ]+ N 1 Transport Association of Canada. (2004). Guide to bridge hydraulics, 2 nd Ed., Thomas Telford Ltd Press. 2 Hamill, L. (1999). Bridge hydraulics: theory and practice, 1 st Ed., E & FN Spon press..!b[! cd 456" 6 " 1+ VW %2 =Y _!(+8! <3 aa".(h) `?. 39

4 Kwan, T.L., YaoHsien, H., and YuhJu,C. (2006). Bridge blockage and overbank flow simulation using HECRAS in the keeling river during the 2001 Nari Typhoon. J. of hydraulic engineering, 132 (3), 319323. 5 Rodriguez, A., et al. (2000). Hydraulic analyses for a new bridge over the Parana river Argentina. International journal of sediment research, 18 (2), 166175..#" 6 " U+ VW #M3,8% \!(+8!.(H) `?..e f ".#% 456" 6 " 1%W VW U"[ \!(+8!.(H).g 4 \W[ +..# EA.* @8i #,& 6 " `6/ VW U"[ \!(+8!.().1.@!= +.h M6$ H 9Atabay,S., and Knight, D.W. (2002). Bridge afflux experiments in compound channels, A report written and presented to the JBA consulting engineers and UK Environmental Agency. 10 Wallingford and Halcrow. (2000). ISIS User Manual, UK. 11 Bradley, N. J. (1978). Hydraulics of bridge waterways, US Federal Highway Administration, Bridge Division, USA. 12 MIKE 11 User Manual. (2002). DHI, Denmark. 13 US Corps of Engineers. (2002). HECRAS User Manual, USA. 14 US Corps of Engineers. (1999). HECRAS Hydraulic Reference, USA. 40