www.xtremepapers.com Cambridge International Examinations Cambridge Ordinary Level * 6 7 7 2 4 1 7 0 2 4 * GEOGRAPHY 2217/12 Paper 1 October/November 2014 Candidates answer on the Question Paper. Additional Materials: Ruler Protractor Calculator 1 hour 45 minutes READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your Centre number, candidate number and name in the spaces provided. Write in dark blue or black pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. Do not use staples, paper clips, glue or correction fluid. DO NOT WRITE IN ANY BARCODES. Write your answer to each question in the space provided. If additional space is required, you should use the lined page at the end of this booklet. The question number(s) must be clearly shown. Answer three questions, one from each section. The Insert contains Photographs A, B, C and D for Question 2, Photographs E and F for Question 3, and Photograph G for Question 4. The Insert is not required by the Examiner. Sketch maps and diagrams should be drawn whenever they serve to illustrate an answer. At the end of the examination, fasten all your work securely together. The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 28 printed pages and 1 Insert. DC (ST/SW)108689 [Turn over
2 Section A Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 1 1 (a) Study Fig. 1, which shows information about some of the factors which influence population density. LOW DENSITY extreme climate high steep land remote and difficult to get to lack of resources temperate climate flat low land good transport network industry and natural resources HIGH DENSITY Fig. 1 (i) What is the difference between a high and a low population density?...[1] (ii) Using Fig. 1 only, state the relationship between: access and population density; relief and population density....[2]
3 (iii) Explain how variations in climate can influence population density....[3] (iv) Explain how industry and natural resources can lead to a high population density in an area....[4] [Turn over
4 (b) Study Fig. 2, which shows information about the population structure of Japan (an MEDC) in 2005 and 2020 (estimated). male Japan 2005 female 80+ 75 79 70 74 65 69 60 64 55 59 50 54 45 49 40 44 35 39 30 34 25 29 20 24 15 19 10 14 5 9 0 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 population (in millions) male Japan 2020 (estimated) female 80+ 75 79 70 74 65 69 60 64 55 59 50 54 45 49 40 44 35 39 30 34 25 29 20 24 15 19 10 14 5 9 0 4 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 population (in millions) Fig. 2 (i) Describe the changes which are expected to take place in the population structure of Japan between 2005 and 2020. You should refer to the young dependents, economically active, and old dependents. Young dependents Economically active Old dependents...[3]
5 (ii) Suggest reasons for the expected changes in Japan s population structure between 2005 and 2020....[5] (c) For a named country you have studied, describe the problems caused by overpopulation. Name of country.............................................[7] END OF QUESTION 1 [Total: 25 marks] [Turn over
6 QUESTION 2 2 (a) Study Fig. 3, a map of Gdansk, an urban area in Poland (an MEDC), along with Photographs A, B, C and D (Insert). Bay of Gdansk N A 0 5 km Key CBD boundary built up area Fig. 3 (i) (ii) Write the letters B, C and D into the correct boxes on Fig. 3 to show their likely location in the urban area. The location of Photograph A has been done for you. [1] Give two pieces of evidence from Photograph A that the area shown is part of the CBD (Central Business District). 1... 2...[2]
7 (iii) Describe the causes of traffic congestion in the CBDs of major urban areas....[3] (iv) Explain how the problems of traffic congestion in cities can be solved....[4] [Turn over
(b) Study Fig. 4, which shows information about urban growth in the USA. 8 Key percentage of US population living in urban areas 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 suburbs central areas of cities total urban population 10 0 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 years Fig. 4 (i) Describe the changes in the total percentage of population living in urban areas in the USA between 1910 and 2000. You should include statistics in your answer....[3]
9 (ii) Suggest why the percentage of the urban population living in the suburbs of cities in the USA has increased rapidly since 1910....[5] [Turn over
10 (c) For a named example of a town or city you have studied, describe the impacts of urban sprawl on the natural environment. Name of town or city................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 2 [Total: 25 marks]
11 Section B Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 3 3 (a) Study Fig. 5 and Photograph E (Insert), which show an area of coastline. 122 N 60 Lulworth Cove 10 Sea 40 Key chalk 10 height above sea level (metres) sand and clay limestone 0 250 metres 500 Fig. 5 (i) What is the width of the entrance to Lulworth Cove?... metres [1] (ii) Identify the type of rocks which form: the entrance to Lulworth Cove; the back of Lulworth Cove....[2] [Turn over
12 (iii) Suggest how Lulworth Cove was formed....[3] (iv) Explain why areas of coastline, such as the one shown in Photograph E, are important to many people....[4] (b) Study Photograph F (Insert), which shows a stack. (i) Describe three features of the stack shown in Photograph F. 1... 2... 3......[3]
13 (ii) Explain the formation of a stack. You may include a labelled diagram as part of your answer. [5] [Turn over
14 (c) For a named area you have studied, explain the conditions required for the formation of a coral reef. Name of area of coral reef................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 3 [Total: 25 marks]
15 QUESTION 4 4 (a) Study Figs 6 and 7, which show information about the Mississippi River floods in 1993. N Miss Wisconsin Minnesota issippi River South Dakota Miss ouri River Nebraska Iowa Indiana Illinois Kansas St. Louis Kentucky Missouri Oklahoma Arkansas Miss issippi River Tennessee Mississippi Key river areas affected by flooding lake state boundary 0 50 100 150 km Fig. 6 [Turn over
16 In June 1993, the Mississippi River flooded an area the size of England. The flat area on either side of the river is called the flood plain, an area where the river would naturally flood and deposit fertile sediment. However, settlement and economic activity are increasingly located on the flood plain. For many years, engineers have managed the river to prevent flooding. The river has been straightened, 200 dams have been built and levées have been made even higher. The river waters now flow up to 12 metres above the level of the surrounding land. The cost of these measures is 180 million dollars a year in maintenance alone. Fig. 7 (i) Name two states which were affected by the flooding in 1993....[1] (ii) Using evidence from Fig. 6 only, suggest two reasons why there was serious flooding at St. Louis. 1... 2......[2] (iii) Using Fig. 7, identify three methods used to try to prevent the flooding of the Mississippi River. 1... 2... 3......[3]
17 (iv) Explain why settlement and economic activity on flood plains is likely to increase the hazard of river flooding....[4] (b) Study Photograph G (Insert), which shows a waterfall. (i) Describe the features of the waterfall shown in Photograph G....[3] (ii) Suggest what might happen to the waterfall in Photograph G in the future. Give reasons for your answer....[5] [Turn over
18 (c) Describe and explain one of the following types of weathering. You may use a diagram. Carbonation Exfoliation Weathering process chosen................................................ END OF QUESTION 4 [7] [Total: 25 marks]
19 Section C Answer one question from this section. QUESTION 5 5 (a) Study Fig. 8, which shows information about international tourists who visit Kenya from different continents. N North America Europe Asia Tropic of Cancer Equator Tropic of Capricorn South America Africa Kenya Key international tourists arrow widths tourists 0.5% 10% Australasia 19% 60% Fig. 8 (i) What is meant by international tourist?...[1] (ii) Compare the percentage of international tourists to Kenya from Europe and Asia. You should include statistics in your answer....[2] [Turn over
20 (iii) Suggest reasons why the number of tourists to Kenya from different parts of the world varies....[3] (iv) Explain why international tourism has increased in the last 50 years....[4]
21 (b) Study Fig. 9, information about Kenya. COME TO KENYA N Lake Turkana Lake Victoria Great Rift Valley Maasai Mara Game Reserve Nairobi Samburu Game Reserve Mount Kenya Amboseli National Park Marsabit Game Reserve Meru National Park KENYA Tsavo National Park Equator Key national parks and game reserves main cities international boundary major beach area coral reef Mombasa 0 100 200 km INDIAN OCEAN Fig. 9 (i) Using only evidence from Fig. 9, suggest three different types of tourism which are important to Kenya. 1... 2... 3...[3] [Turn over
22 (ii) Explain how the creation of game reserves and national parks in Kenya is likely to help tourism to be sustainable....[5]
23 (c) For a named area you have studied, describe the benefits and problems of tourism for local people. Name of area.............................................[7] END OF QUESTION 5 [Total: 25 marks] [Turn over
24 QUESTION 6 6 (a) Study Fig. 10, which shows information about the employment structure of three countries in Asia. China Japan Malaysia 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 percentage of workforce Key primary secondary tertiary Fig. 10 (i) What percentage of the population of Malaysia works in the primary sector?...% [1] (ii) Describe two differences between the employment structures of China and Japan. 1... 2......[2] (iii) In rural areas of Malaysia there is still much primary employment. However, in the cities, such as Kuala Lumpur, there are many service industries in the CBD and high technology industrial parks in the rural-urban fringe. Give an example of: primary employment in a rural area; an industry which is likely to locate on a high technology industrial park; a service industry in a CBD....[3]
25 (iv) Explain why there is a large reduction of the workforce in the primary sector as a country develops....[4] (b) Study Fig. 11, information about the exports of Malaysia. 1970 2008 0 0 Key rubber 75% 25% 75% 25% tin manufactured goods oil / gas others 50% 50% Fig. 11 (i) Using Fig. 11, describe the changes in Malaysia s exports between 1970 and 2008. Use statistics from Fig. 11 in your answer....[3] [Turn over
26 (ii) Explain why many high technology industries have grown up in newly industrialised countries (NICs)....[5]
27 (c) For a named area you have studied, describe the impacts of agriculture on the natural environment. Area studied................................................[7] END OF QUESTION 6 [Total: 25 marks] [Turn over
28 Additional Page If you use the following lines to complete the answer(s) to any question(s), the question number(s) must be clearly shown................................................................ Copyright Acknowledgements: Question 2 Fig. 4 Question 2 Photographs A D Question 3 Photographs E & F Question 4 Photograph G Michael Raw; Geography in Place: Homework Copymasters; Collins Educational; 1999; ISBN 0003267032. S. Sibley UCLES. S. Sibley UCLES. S. Sibley UCLES. Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity. Cambridge International Examinations is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is itself a department of the University of Cambridge.