Chapter 19 Classwork Famous Scientist Biography Isaac... Score: 1. is perhaps the greatest physicist who has ever lived. 1@1 2. He and are almost equally matched contenders for this title. 1@1 3. Each of these great scientists produced dramatic and startling transformations in the physical laws we believe our, changing the way we understand and relate to the world around us. 1@2 4. Isaac Newton was born on in the tiny village of Woolsthorpe bycolsterworth, Lincolnshire, England. 1@3 5. His father, whose name was also Isaac Newton, was a Isaac Junior was born. 1@4 6. Although comfortable financially,. 1@4 Page 1 of 6
7. His mother,, married a churchman when Newton was three years old. 1@5 8. Newton disliked his mother s new husband and did not join their household, living instead with, Margery Ayscough. 1@6 9. Beginning at age 12, Newton attended, Grantham, where he was taught the classics, but no science or mathematics. 2@1 10. When he was 17 his mother stopped his schooling so that. Fortunately for the future of science Newton found he had neither aptitude nor liking for farming; his mother allowed him to return to school, where he finished as top student. 2@1 11. In June 1661, aged 18, Newton began studying for a law degree at Cambridge University s Trinity College, earning money to wealthier students. 2@2 12. By the time he was a he was spending a lot of his time studying mathematics and natural philosophy (today we call it physics). 2@3 Page 2 of 6
13. Newton began to disregard the material taught at his college, preferring to study the recent (and more ) works of Galileo, Boyle, Descartes, and Kepler. 2@5 14. After three years at Cambridge he, allowing him to devote his time fully to academic studies. 2@7 15. In 1665, at the age of 22, a year after beginning his four year scholarship, he made his first major discovery: this was in mathematics, where he discovered the. 3@1 16. In 1665 he was also. 3@1 17. By now Newton s mind was ablaze with new ideas. He began making significant progress in fields in which he would make some of his most profound discoveries: -calculus, the mathematics of change, which is vital to our understanding of the world around us -gravity -optics and the behavior of light 3@2 Page 3 of 6
18. He did much of his work on these topics back home at Woolsthorpe bycolsterworth after the forced his college in Cambridge to close. 3@3 19. At the age of 24, in 1667, he returned to Cambridge, where events moved quickly. First he was elected as a. 3@4 20. A year later, in 1668, he was. A year after that, the Lucasian Professor of Mathematics at Trinity College, Isaac Barrow, resigned and Newton was appointed as his replacement; he was just 26 years old. 3@6 21. Isaac Newton, who was largely self taught in mathematics and physics: - formulated his Newton s Laws which lie at the heart of the science of movement. 3@7 4@6 22. Newton revealed his laws of motion and gravitation in his. Just as few people at first could understand Albert Einstein s general theory of relativity, few people understood the Principia when it was published. 4@13 Page 4 of 6
23. Newton s ideas were spread by the small number of people who understood the Principia, and who were able to develop and convey its message in more : people including Leonhard Euler, Joseph Louis Lagrange, Pierre Simon de Laplace, Willem Jacob s Gravesande, William Whiston, John Theophilus Desaguliers, and David Gregory. 4@14 24. Newton s three laws of motion still lie at the heart of mechanics. First law: Objects at a constant velocity unless acted upon by an external force. This law was actually first stated by Galileo, whose influence Newton mentions several times in the Principia. 5@7 25. Second law: The force F on an object is equal to its mass m multiplied by its acceleration:. 5@8 26. Third law: When one object exerts a force on a second object, the second object in size and opposite in direction on the first object. 5@9 Page 5 of 6
27. In 1696, Newton was appointed as a. In 1700, he became Master of the Mint, leaving Cambridge for London, and more or less ending his scientific discovery work. 9@2 28. He took his new role very seriously, going out into London s gathering evidence against counterfeiters. 9@2 29. In 1703, he was elected President of the Royal Society. In 1705,, becoming Sir Isaac Newton. 9@3 30. Isaac Newton died on March 31, 1727,. He had never married and had no children. He was buried in Westminster Abbey, London. 9@6 Page 6 of 6