WHAT DO YOU KNOW?
Universe: everything that exists, including all matter and energy everywhere
The study of what is beyond Earth
Many years ago, skywatchers took note of patterns in the stars and there is much mythology around these patterns. Constellations: groups of stars that seem to form shapes or patterns They may not actually be close together, but appear that way from Earth. Have been used for directions, timekeeping, and calendars for thousands of years
The Sun and all the objects that travel around it, including the nine known planets and the moons of those planets. Are there really nine planets as the text suggests?
Everything orbits around the sun Planets and moons are nonluminous, that is they do not emit light. We only see them in the sky when the Sun reflects off of them toward Earth http://www.kidsastronomy.com/solar_sys tem.htm
A star is matter that gives off a large amount of light A planet is matter, which is spherical and revolves around a star In our case, the Sun In our night sky, we can only see Venus, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, and Mercury without aid. Look at table 1, page 402
Complete #1-7 page 402
What happens if you look for your favourite constellations at different times during an evening?
Rotation: the spinning of an object on its axis. Look at figure 1, page 404 One rotation of the earth takes 24 hours. That is why most stars, Sun, Moon and planets seem to rise in the east and set in the west
Axis an imaginary straight line joining the North Pole and the South Pole Figure 1 page 404 That imaginary axis, if extended will run into Polaris, the North Star. Stars seem to rotate around the North Star
Revolution: the movement of one object travelling around another. The journey of the Earth revolving around the Sun takes one year This is why we see different things in the sky at different times during the year. This is also the cause of seasons https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q4_ -R1vnJyw
Page 405 #1-5
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uh y1fucsrqi https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e2y B7hyEVRE
Who helped get us here? Galileo Galilei (1564 1642) Telescope, Earth revolves around the Sun http://www.biography.com/people/galileo- 9305220#awesm=~oFKvATVzEtDYym Johannes Kepler (1571 1630) Law of Planetary Motion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vb3v36lj pgc
Please read the Case Study on page 410-411 Answer the questions as you go along
Take the star map provided and follow the instructions on page 406 Read carefully before proceeding.
Moons are large natural objects that revolve around planets Also called satellites an object that travels in orbit around another object Several planets have more than one moon Our moon is about ¼ the size of Earth
Our Moon has no atmosphere Filled with hills, valleys, and craters This are a result of objects from space hitting the Moon
The telescope has helped us learn about other moons. In 1610, Galileo discovered Jupiter s 4 Moons.
Scientists/Astronauts have not been to other Moons, but have investigated several close up Moons in our solar system are varied many different sizes and surfaces. See Table 1 page 430
Between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter there is an asteroid belt Contains thousands of rocky objects Asteroids are small rocky objects Scientists think that these rocky objects may have turned into a planet if the gravitational force of Jupiter had not been so strong.
Some asteroids share an orbit with Jupiter Others move closer to the Sun and the Earth http://www.sciencechannel.com/videotopics/space-videos/asteroids.htm
Meteoroid: a lump or rock or metal that is trapped by Earth s gravity and pulled down through Earth s atmosphere As it falls to Earth, the friction between the meteoroid and the air causes it to become hot and vaporize the air will then glow. This usually vaporize before they hit the Earth Meteor: A bright streak of light across the sky Meteor showers are common debris left by comets
Meteorite: a meteoride that reaches the ground A large meteorite can cause a crater
Comet: a chunk of ice or dust that travels in a long orbit around the Sun
During most of its life, a comet remains far out in the solar system However, when it gets close to the Sun, the comet is warmed This forms the bright, glowing tail that is possible to see for several months
Last seen in 1986, period of 76 years Scientists can predict when comets will be orbiting close to the sun and visible once again.
Questions #1-5 page 433