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MCHANICS (Kinemati and Dynami) a a x ag t dx dt u t t Aeage eloity Intantaneou eloity in X dietion Aeage aeleation a d dt Intantaneou aeleation in X dietion F m a Newton Seond Law a F m aeleation F m g Weight of an objet F C m Centipetal foe: unifom iula motion a F F C AB m BA Centipetal aeleation F Newton Thid Law
F oket F eg oket populion gae p m Momentum of a moing objet impule J F t Impule of a foe F ating fo a time inteal t J F t m mu Impule = hange in momentum F 0 p 0 Law of Coneation of momentum 3
W F Wok done by a foe duing a diplaement (foe and diplaement in ame dietion [D] K m K Kineti enegy of a moing objet W F m mu Wok done = hange in K [D] only W qv Wok done on a hage in an eleti field K K m e V Gain in K eleton due to a ontant aeleating oltage 4
u a t u u t a t u a u a u a t t 0 quation fo unifom aeleated motion in onedimenion a = ontant u x x 0 u o x x x y a u x u t u a y u in y y y u a y y y y y y g u a t y u t a t y u y t y quation fo Pojetile Motion g = 9.8 m. - a y = - g = - 9.8 m. - x y tan x y tan y x y x 5
F G m m Gaitational foe g planet GM R planet planet Aeleation due to gaity at ufae of a planet mm p U G Gaitational potential enegy p U m g h Gaitational potential enegy nea ath ufae g G M G M R h Aeleation due to gaity (ath) T L g Peiod of pendulum g 6
T 3 G M 4 Keple Thid Law fo atellite motion 3 3 T T 3 3 T T T T 3 ob GM obital eloity T ob obital peiod geotationay atellite T = 4 hou e GM eape eloity 7
SPCIAL RLATIVITY ma m i a ontant t t 0 t0 time dilation L L0 L 0 length ontat m total enegy p m m momentum 4 p m p 0 m K 0 m K m total enegy kineti enegy kineti enegy << p p 0 0 photon 8
LCTRICITY R P V I V I Reitane letial powe negy V I t letial enegy 9
MAGNTISM F L k II d Magneti foe between two paallel onduto F B I L in Magneti foe on a onduto B I 0 Magneti field uounding a long taight onduto Fd n B I Ao B BAo t d dt B B Toque Toque on a oil in a magneti field Magneti flux aeage indued emf indued emf B B Ao t t B Ain t battey IR bak eleti moto: bak emf bak 0
V V p n n p Tanfome equation: tep up o tep down oltage n n V V I I p p p np n P Pp V I Vp I p ideal tanfome Plo I R Powe lo (eddy uent tanfome, indution heating; tanmiion line) F q Bin Foe on a haged patile moing in a magneti field F q leti field V d leti field (ontant) between two paallel haged plate
NATUR OF LIGHT h f negy of a photon f m ev Speed of light Speed of eletomagneti adiation Gain in K of eleton due to aeleating oltage h f m W h f m W max max m h f W min min Photoeleti ffet ev V hf e m max W e min Stopping oltage ev m min max h f W f 0 W h min Cut-off (itial) fequeny
3
TH ATOM n din Bagg Law ytal tutue (ontutie intefeene) R n f n i h f L m h Hydogen atom - petum negy leel Boh Model of atom Angula momentum quantized n 3.6 ev n n =,, 3, negy leel hydogen atom n n 5.9 0 m Allowed obit fo eleton in hydogen atom 4
h m de Boglie waelength de Boglie elationhip h h f f p Photon h h p p Matte wae x p h 4 Heienbeg Unetainty Piniple 5
The NUCLUS m M M podut eatant Ma defet m intein ma/enegy 9 4 Be4 He C6 n 0 Beta plu deay p + n + e + + e Chadwik dioe neuton Beta deay Pauli & Femi neutino 9 Ne 0 9 F 9 + e + + e e + + p[d(-/3) u(+/3) u(+/3)] n[d(-/3) u(+/3) d(-/3)] Beta minu deay n p e e Th Ra He 3 8 4 90 88 4 He Alpha deay 6
poton d (-/) u (+/3) u (+/3) Standad model Poton neuton d (-/3) u (+/3) d (-/3) Neuton 35 U 9 + n 0 36 U 9 * Nulea fiion 36 Xe 56 + 88 S 36 + n 0 7