Journal of the Korean Chemical Society Printed in the Republic of Korea * (2003. 4. 22 ) A Comparative Study on High School Chemistry Curriculum in Korea and Japan Young-Tae Kong*, Jai-Hang Lim, Sung-Bae Moon, and Jeong-Hee Nam Department of Chemical Education, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Korea (Received April 22, 2003).,,,!" # $% & '() * +,-./. 0 *+, 1-2 3 () 454 61' 7'8 +-./. 9 :;<=>?@ A B CD EF, GHIJ =K LM, NJ( OP =K EF, Q: CRC EF, KS( TU) VECW X Y ( K Z [ \]' ^U _ T`/. :,, * +, ABSTRACT. This study is to compare and analyse the high school chemistry curriculum in Korea and Japan from the viewpoint of the structure, objectives, contents, teaching-learning method, and assessment plans. From the comparative analysis, we found some common and different aspects. The suggestive ideas which is useful for study of Korean science curriculum were deduced, such as more expansion of selective subjects and enhancing the guidance, more flexible teaching methods, enhancing the individualized instruction plans suitable to each student's condition, careful selection of educational contents and enhancing the base and foundation, and transition period. Keywords: High School Chemistry Curriculum in Korea, High School Chemistry Curriculum in Japan, Curriculum Comparative Analysis 1990a( 8U)), () 21bC> ^U c Jd> CeC f-2 g JW - h NNJ N?i DH jk\lm n ol \( pq T ( &r st u/. 0 ]vi wx yz{o, 2 T %L } ~ T 8C> N- h8( ƒ - I{o - nol N \[U 2003a Sh ˆ7I {o I Š/. 1-3 8 %L}, ~ Œ nol jx # \W Ž Uu/. 4,5 ()K b 21bC> Kq I IJ J f-2 CR C EF, C KI DH jk, r F, = # ( ' nol N[U, 2002a š I{ o \ [ T/. 6,7 8 %L} Œ œ i, ž 61 C r EŸ 66
{o A LM[ nol j X Ž Uu/. 8,9 x # A * ( : *8? o N f CR 4 n N CRI ª> f «10-26 N( O n A [ ) & * 8 +/. 27-29 -= 8 * Œ «+ / x % +, -,,!", $% M œpi{o * - 2 IJ ±² ³ q T µ= /. ~ 8 %L} nol ( +,I U= T=, 30,31 nol ( & IJ +,I «> yz{o * [ T= /. () * +, 1-2 nol ( ª> ¹, 4t% Cº :» LMF¼>? ½{o¾ {o ( TU) \]' À -./. K«( & Á Ã]> CRo -2 % () N [U» Á) ( x =KÄÅ) *+,( SÆ-2 -./. Á) -C fª) ÇÁ),, ªX), Ä, ), Èk] =KB, S\ ÉÊ[UË -=, 2Ì N K«I ÍM- +, o ÎÏ/.!"( TU) CºI «* Ð %= Ñ Ò T/. IJ * ( e š o) Bereday(, Cº(description), ª,(interpretation), ÓÔ(juxtaposition), *(comparison) 4š Õ7> yz{o -./. 12,20 «YŒ Õ7> Ö *+,-C f-2 Á) 1), 2), 3), 4)!", 5) $%> +, o Î 3W 61' 7 67 ' Ø-./. ÙÄ( O ) œ *K ÊÚ -./. 9 I *( ), Û N C!Ü N Ý # A? ½ {o¾ N IJ ±² ª-} K Z [KÞ -./. ß04, 3 ( nol KS = àá [= t )4 Èk () IJ âã # ( OP Á' 8( ª) E+ ä U== å ' ' %= T/. Œ Û N C! Ü{o 1) =æ ç # çâã \, 2) ( èé«&r ê», 3) Fhâ & ëã, 4) Ž, 5) => 8 T/. 0 C!ìŒ œ ( *-2 8 ( èé«&r s çâã n ëã- T/. 0 C!Ü( O, no L Œ œ ( *- 2 \W wí C îu8, Ž[`{m, ž 61C jx r E{o LM[ [`/. ( *-2 Œ 1) h8 =IïCr ç r ê», 2) Iæ %» &ä Fð, 3) I{o Ã]- DH ¼K, 4) IJ ñ ª, ] w3 \-!ì{o N: Kò-./. œ * 4,5 -, =IïCr çr, Iæ, hâ &, x JW &, 2, / I œpi J ] n óô2= õji{o N[`/ ö T/. 0 N C!ì( O, =IïCr4 çr ëã- o N: U=, œpi{o ñ ª> CeC f-2 nol 8 X[`/. 9, ç- DH4 ¼K, Áª DH jk ã\( IJ ñª4 ]> CeC f-2 ç âã4 > +{o \-., &ä Fð ëã-c f-2 Æ ( TU
68 ) &ä Fð 1-2 ç- Ÿ¼o yø `/. «Y Œ N C!Ü( TU) ( h8 èé «&r ëã- Fhâ & ëã-m &ä Fð 1 çâã ëã«ž 61' 454 T/. Œ, 1946a Ä C() \ù-2 1992a 67 N Û 77 N( eú/. 0 N 8 C>? $û 7a Co N Uu{ m, N WÑŒ '7 îuü xì T/. ( *-2 Œ 1947a ý Ûþ N ÿ, 1989a 2 Ûþ N Û N ( e T/. N C>? 32,33 $û 9a Co N Uu, N WÑŒ i à U4 T xì T/. () NWÑ îu8 T Œ b IJ ±² Ý- ]vi Ä8 i - -C Á hæ /. nol \ \C>?, Œ 2000a R> \ù{o nol K S[, # ˆ)o KS[ \ \C> š I{o ÃÕ- T/. ( *-2, Œ 2002a 4 R # ( nol I{o F\-., () 2003 ak š I{o Iq Š/. -= Œ nol Ñ KS{o J h8 E Ñ V-, : () ã -, no L â f-2, x ( 2000a 4 2003a 3= 3a W CW {o X-2 œ t() nol ( OP LM F\- T/. 34 Table 1() j Ý> 45 T/. Œ C 61 [, ž 61 CJ Í: ;{o i hâ( é Mì I 3 Ce - hâ jx[` /. 9 r:;{o C i I II, I II, h I II, = I II 8N % A[`/. ( *-2 Œ, Í \ž{o) I 3 ( T {o CR > jx-, È i h = IA «œ p > 1p-2 œpi{o / T DH Ce -} I œp A # œp B o NA-./. ßi, È i h = IB i h = II Table 1. Science subjects of old and new high school science curriculum in Korea and Japan Korea Japan 6th Curriculum 7th Curriculum 6th Curriculum 7th Curriculum Common science Physics I Chemistry I Biology I Earth science I Physics II Chemistry II Biology II Earth science II Science(6) Life Science(4) Physics I(4) Chemistry I(4) Biology I(4) Earth Science I(4) Physics II(6) Chemistry II(6) Biology II(6) Earth Science II(6) Comprehensive Science Physics IA Chemistry IA Biology IA Earth Science IA Physics IB Physics II Chemistry IB Chemistry II Biology IB Biology II Earth Science IB Earth Science II 9 subjects 10 subjects 13 subjects 11 subjects Basic Science(2) Comprehensive Science A(2) Comprehensive Science B(2) Physics I(3) Chemistry I(3) Biology I(3) Earth Science I(3) Physics II(3) Chemistry II(3) Biology II(3) Earth Science II(3) Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
69 %L} / CIJ {o -2 &ä Fð, ç âã - CIJ N4 ç!" - {o) i I, I, h I, = I o NA-./. ßi, È i h = IB i h = II > CRo -2, &ä, F ð4 -, / IJ N 4 ç!" - {o i II, II, h II, = II o NA-./. I{o, Œ N 9N () 10N o Ýx[`, Œ œ 13N () 11N o Ž[`/. 8 ÃÌ *-2, Œ h â # I ž 61 C J h( q T {o -m, II CI{o I h :; q T {o - œ i ÃÌ () \- T/. ( * -2 Œ i h = II Œ i h = I ÿ( -KÞ - T, CR, œp A, œp B, i h = I 7N %L}() 2N Ùo X-2 / CRIJ DH ( TKÞ - T/. ~, CR, œp A, œp B %L}() Íü\ -2Ë /. œ () % IA, IB, # II {o [U TU), I II«Ñ4 ( TU) 7' %= T`/. ß04, Û N 1-2 IŒ 3 h8 {o - T{m, çâã 1-2 C N ª- - T{m, Í \ž I 3 CeC f 3I '() ] Ñ %= T/. 9 II CI{o I h8 o - T{m, I( * -2 / r N - T{m, 1-2 IJ Á( -2 o { o ª - DH Ce ( I Ð T ] Ñ %= T/. «Y Ñ () µœ ]'8 %» 3 W > *- Œ E+ 5í T/ h Table 2. Structure of high school chemistry curriculum in Korea and Japan Korean chemistry curriculum Japanese chemistry curriculum Characteristic Objective Content Teaching-learning method Assessment - Objective Content Teaching-learning method - Æ/.. Table 2( > 45 T/. Œ Æ o!"i{o [U T, I«II Œ ÆÆ 1) Ñ, 2), 3), 4)!", 5) $%o [U T/. ( *-2 Á) Œ 1), 2) Æ, 3) Æ ( TU) =K # ù <{o [U T, I II Œ Æ +( 454 T{m Æ Æ (1), (2), (3) <{o [U T/. $ŸI > *- Œ () 454 T= Ñ \- T 7' 45%/. Ñ(, ÃÌ, I,,!" É& I{o»º- T'{o¾, () f > - 45 T/. 9, Œ ( * -2 $% ( ) ÉÊ- T{m, Æ!"( TU)K / I{o»º[U T/. Œ $% + Á) ( ÉÊ [U* T= {4 =KÄÞ Ÿ¼o Ko \[U T/. 35. I 1) + È ç> 1 C N ª«Fhâ( I, 2) + È I{o ç- DH Fh â Á ª ( â, 3) + È ( è é«ïcr ê», 4) Cº hâ( é Mì yp Jæ, %= b% \ [U T/. 8 ÆÆ J=I, çdh, I, STS - M ÆÆ 45 T{m, œ *- I - [`/. ( *-2 I IJ ] È ( &ä Fð -2 ( &
70 r çr s, I{o ç- DH ¼ K> C² ã\( CIJ N i ". ª \/, IJ & / o Cº[U T/. Œ, È «ã-=, ( &r çr s + 0%[`/. Œ h o% Iæ %= &ä Fð #-2 F\- I{o ç- Ä ëã- T/. «Y h8 I ç> ëã-c f-2 R 36 ( Š %=, 37 ( Iæ %=, ßi 1 () ( &r çr s2 Ák ÆÆ 1%[`/. «Y 3 I > *-, ç 1-2 CIJ N ª\l h 8 èé> %=KÞ -m, âã 1-2 I J C 34 & Ce ëã- 61I{o \- T/. /'{o, 3W II > *-, II I «YŒ { o»º[u T{4, çâã 1 N I ª «I ç¼k )2 ëã- T/. œ *-, ri CIJ Cº CD jk I - J =æ %Ý Table 3. Topics of high school chemistry I in Korea and Japan [`/. II I ( N 4 i ". ª> - «> - + )ª*»º[ T/. «Y 3 II I / r N 3, ç 1 N, ç âã # ç¼k 61I{o ëã- T/.. I () 454 š Table 3( i-./. I 1) Ý +, 2) JW Ð N š{o [U T/. Ý + Œ + + Ý> 1 CN ª> fª X-., JW Œ () 4 N8 9 +8 U5 JW ƒ + ì \l }( 6 T => 7t½{o¾ h8 Jæ - +Ë( èé«&r %=KÞ -C fª X /. 8 \( TU) œ i, ç > M o +-= 1p-2 \- T{ m, h ªË q Ä> <C Ÿ¼o»º- T r{o Ýx[`/. ( *-2 I Œ œp A & 8-2, 1) +, 2) + œ9«+, 3) + Korea (1) Common Materials Water - Properties of water - Reaction in aqueous solution - Water and life Air - Matters in the air - Properties of air - Pollution of air Metal - Properties of metal - Reactivity of metal (2) Chemistry & Human Common carbon compounds - Properties of carbon compounds - Carbon compounds & life Common compounds - Detergents - Medicines - Roles of chemistry Japan 1) Composition of matter Matter and human life - Chemistry and its role - Investigation of matter Component of matter - Atom, molecule, ion - Matter weight Investigation on composition of matter 2) Kinds and characteristics of matter Inorganic compound - Single element, compound Organic compound - Hydrocarbon - Compound with a functional group Investigation on kinds and characteristics of matter 3) Change of matter Change of matter - Heat of reaction, acid base, - Neutralization, oxidation and reduction Investigation on change of matter Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
Ý b N š{o [U T, ÆÆ š ( CRI $ 8U, CI J N4 i ". q TKÞ - T/. 8 CIJ N%L} œ () / U :; <, C+ª, = # Í= 3I & Û N () o >U«-KÞ [`/. 9 ÆÆ šá/ çâã X-2 &ä Fð F\, I{o ç-!" 3, T ) ù4 > q TKÞ - T/. «Y IŒ Û N() n ëã- T IJ ç> f-2 š() Fð & ä - ( -2 CN -, 2 C) 4!"{o š( X çâã - Ÿ¼o - œ / )2 Fð &ä Ä\- T/. 9, == Œ hâ ã?u» + /, KSš æ {o È- µï=, Û N () q š ý š{o KS-2 JWhâ( «Á{o) Table 4. Topics of high school chemistry II in Korea and Japan Korea Japan (1) State of matter & solution - Gas - Liquid & solid - Solution & solubility - Concentration of solution - Properties of dilute solution (2) Structure of matter - Atomic structure - Atomic model & electron distribution - Periodicity - Chemical bond - Covalent bond & molecules (3) Chemical Reaction - Changes of matter & enthalpy - Bonding energy - Reaction kinetics - Law of chemical equilibrium - Transfer of chemical equilibrium - Acid and base - Titration of neutralization - Control of acid and base in vivo - Oxidation and reduction - Chemical battery and electrolysis 71 ~@( -2 ª\l ( èé«& r C\l - T/. Table 4( II š 45 T/. II Œ 1) + ¼«A, 2) + Ã, 3) Í= b N š{o [U T/. + ¼«A () ¼Ý, A + \IJ È /, + à () Ã, p é\i b > / m, Í= () Í= Ä i«ij Í= / KÞ - T/. II \ I á %=o ç> M o +-= 1p-2 \- T{m h ªË q Ä> <C Ÿ¼K»º- r{o Ýx[`/. ( *-2 II(), I & Kò- ), )2 - \/ IJ ] È 4 =( -2 / m, ç / \-2!" 3\l - T/. II Œ B 1) + à «$Ÿ, 2) hâ +, 3) h +, 4) (1) Structure of matter and chemical equilibrium Structure of matter - Chemical bonding - Law of gas - Liquid and solid Chemical equilibrium - Chemical reaction - Chemical equilibrium (2) Life and material Chemistry of food and clothing - Food - Clothing Chemistry of material - Plastics - Metal, ceramic (3) Life and material Life Science - Material composed organism - Chemical reaction supported organism Science of medical supplies - Medical supplies - Fertilizer (4) Subject study - Study on chemical phenomenon - Study on experiment to be developed the chemistry
72, %= š{o [U T/. + ë$Ÿ š() + é\ij Ã4 p + Ã]- ( -2 20 %= Á( ª> C - I{o - T/. hâ + š() U5 hâ( KZ [ T%> ª\l, h + š() hâã D Í=( E ª\l - T/. 9 II() % -4 š{o X[U, IJ ] È ( &-2 =I IJ &ä Fð4 \F Fð q TKÞ - T/. 8 %L} 2)«3) šœ h F¼4 h èé &r( O :;-2 q T š :; > G;- ~@ 2 T/. Table 3 Table 4() 454H I II \C () % 454= & o > +-= I %= Ä ( -2 *+, -./. JK + à ( & ( &ª), Œ I(), + S ]I ñ Š o 8U \- T/. ßi, à Wš ò L( -2 4 < + ª\l C > ë& \/ \- T/. 4 t% II() + ë+ & ( CRo), p - - T/. 2C) p N KS-2, w«& M < p, 6 p, N p - - T /. ( *-2 Œ II() + Ã( / T{4, O*P N KS, 6 p Ÿi, pq, ' 'æ ] -2 I{o X- T RÍ i > -2 + ò3 0i- Œ () 454= '/. Œ I() + šfo S KS -2,, +, æ + & > / KÞ - T{m, Í=š() S+ S TK= / T/. ( *-2 ( TU) II() C ¼!æ X-C f-2 S N KS- A TK šfo STK> K S-2 X- T + KS I() 7 ' 2 T/. Œ + œ9> B UC+ Cp o 4VU X- T ~@ 2 T}, 8 %L}() I() 61I{o / T Gp ( ª) *-2 Ï/. Œ 0 +8 hâ & / Jæ\l > + òÿ òl ]-2 ª\l 61'{o 45 T/. -=, Œ, +9«/3, W à ]«Gp + Í= #, + Í=( ª) / T, X Y Z 4 U YŒ + # hâã( &2- + + N- T/. ( *-2 () G $( K ùc> ÉÊ Cp( -2 I{o \- T{m, [i(\], [i^*_, [i( `e, 4a hâ & Œ + > / KÞ - T/. 9, š çâã() G 4 + p p Fð 1-2 Í= à «& \/ ç-kþ - 'Œ 7'{ o 2»/. Í= & ( TU), Œ I () Í=b, ^CÍ=, Í=, «Í= /, Í=NK«$Ÿ & Œ II( ) / T/. ( *-2 Œ I() ^ C, «N Wš /, II() Í =b, Í=NK, $Ÿ, ^CÍ=, Í= ˆ)o / T/. Í= (c= ds & =U ª\l e ". r{o / Œ 61'{o ö T{4, ªb( ª )K / KÞ - fp Ý> p( c=«& =U / Œ 7' q T/. 9, «X() Œ,, g'{o X- T{4, Œ 0 N$(K II() N KS- 2 X- T/. JWhâ & / ( &ª) Œ o I(), W, X Y, b, hw r{o / T} *-2, Œ, W, [i(\], [i^*_, 4a, X Y I() / T/. 4t% Œ II h â + š() æw i # X Y, N, b j ÉÊ d > /, h š () hw * > r{o / T Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
/ / d% I{o»º[U T/. (), 6C, N( &-2 I 1 T - T/. JK () ª) R«yz{o I() kh, + Ã, p NIJ ä() 4! hâ & (= / T/. ß 04, Œ p( ª) II p š() Wk- / T/. /'{o, Œ 6C ( -2 I C + š II C š() / T{m, lf 9 6CO^ / x( lf= <- T /. ( *-2 () II C ".m š() C ¼!æ r{o C 61 + / K( ß T/. ßi () N ( -2 I() 8 + Í= ( -2 b- / T{4, Œ II() hâ & Œ, n, 7 éo, i # N + / Ko ß T/. () 2= ~@{o, œ h () / U :; h> - +J šp+4 G # =! ë+ / T{m, q( ª)K / TKÞ - T/. 9 &ä Fð 1-2, 8 Í= 4 r - h =- Í= +E ª\l - T/. «Y h( & h% ts () / [`/ Œ #CIJ Ýo 2»/. ßi, œ () 4bIJ < xì T`; =, +, tu, voü Œ -./.. ()!" =K #, * # â, = K!", Fð F =K 4N M {o 4V 10N (( I) 15N (( II){o I {o \- T/. I() œ *-, h w Ä ëã-, \( pq TKÞ xy «1jz { é}u> IÕ â- ( n 1%[`, ) ù" =K # â" [`/. II( ) w Ä 1j ë - 1%[`/. 9 a # N, 73 r k Cv2, ( ~IJ ¼K Ê3=K, h çdh r n 0%[`/. ( *-2 () =K # ù <() f«* / T = 1) ˆ), 2) &ä Fð Ë$& ä =K( TU) ](, 3) xá4 C º» JWhâ( & <, 4) x y 4 š â {o Wk- \[U T /. Œ h ~ /3( IÕ- =- &'() II š h F¼( O :;-2 q T š :; > L M- T, 0 š :; i II, h II, = II ()K X[U T/. Œ, tã è é &r( yz EF- -C f-2 R 5a 6a () > :;-2 - - :; «1+Ë Cº JW, 2+Ë JW š %L} h :; q T š :; ò hæ /. 9, Û N() =, # h F¼, ~ ( O, =KÄÅ ( 45% Ù 11 $(K %! I{o X Xq TKÞ -./. Œ Û N 1-2 61{o - Œ î, :; -2 - # ÙÄ( O - Cv> - C<=> Oe {o % œ 13() 11{o îu 4 =K() š :;> KS- Œ YŒ () U» 8/. 1,2 ßi, Œ Û N =K #( TU) šf> +q-2 2a W 1-2 q TKÞ - T{m, %k Ií \C( q TKÞ CW( -2 F\q TKÞ - GHIJ =K> ëã- T/. 3 W!"() 2= 61 '{o h w( OP # =K> Ä\- T/. 9 &ä Fð Ë$Fð /3 âã( 2> Iƒ k- T{m 0 â ã() B ], h, x Ä Ê Ú ëã- T/. 9 Æ =K( TU) \( =q T 1jCº ë- {o xy 4 1j, B IƒI {o âq \- T= IJ!BŒ
74 \[ T= /. x, ( œpi \W jx( -2 \% C 8šf() 6šfo 25% > %* :/. ŽK ÊÚ -2u= ˆª» \W{o V - =Kq Fð çâã ( U8Z %= [`/. > f-2 jx œpi \W & Kò - â( ŠH C T/. Û N %k Œ/m ~@J œ pi \W Œ ]v Ý( =q T ƒ f-2 >U: ŽšI œpij ÙÄ( =-C f-2 X[` /. 2 0 œpij \WŒ!" IJ =Ü \-= šf() I{o q T/ '() *"Å, UŸ ~@ %= T{m Œ I d âã * Ñ = T/ q T/. 39 ( wí œpi \W \ 3a W 105~210\W(3~6šf){o \% œ ( *- 2 Ž œpi \W -2 = = \W ˆ o -C U8 ; Ë$& ä, \X!Á # Fð ð q T Cvo - ]-C f IJ =K # Kò- T/. ßi, 2C() \- T ß 4 /P Å š( / 3 Ÿ¼ KS $ Jd â4 =K KS Œ IJ Ÿ ¼> \/ â> } KZ {o hæ /.. Œ $%> $%M, $%!", $%K N, $% â +{o 4VU \- T/. Œ $% B' 1) IJ N C IJ & ª K, 2) çdh, 3) ÃùI CD, 4) I ¼K, 5) Cº JW]v( * Mì( yp Jæ $%( Ð T/. Œ šˆ K> B- 4 $%! "( Ä Ð t K K> B- $%> ëã- T{m, œ ( *-2 STS - n ëã[ T/. ( *-2, () $% &'Œ 1) &r ¼K, 2) ] š, 3) &ä Fð CD È, 4) = æ ª 4%= &'( Oe T/. «YŒ, % = $% &'Œ ), %= b8 - {o «$% > Kò- T/. «Y òð =æ, çdh, IJ ¼K( $% B' Ð T{m, 0 $%% =ìij $%% U=KÞ -} 61I{o ŠH C T/. ßi, $% > =K #" =K!" N:( ]- - T ' 9 61'{o ö T/. Œ Û N 1-2 ÈDH Ä \- T{m > $% ((K ÉÊ\l T/. 2C) - ÈDHŒ ]1DH é- {o 0 $% &'Œ é $% &' =- {o 2»/. 38 x (»º( 0 ÈH ( I J Œ 8UT= =, ëï =I á %=o Û $%() œ i š«( $%> - T Œ ]1DH -- - {o 2»/. 31 () N,,,!", $% +{o 4VU * +,- 3() 2= 61' 7'? Ï/. 0 *> 1-2 ( \]' T ~@8 i- /' Y/. JK h8 /3( OP :; <=>?@ A B CD EF( T/. /' {o =Kˆ)4 \W LM F¼( O œ1 T U=KÞ GHIJ =K( T/. ßi, h F¼( O ) N =K, ß =K, ] HIJ =K> - h 3 K( OP GHI J A YŒ NJ( OP =K EF( T/. ßi ( TU) Æ š # Æ W i[ Q: R > 8 CR C EF 8 T /. 9 nol KS( TU CW YŒ VECW X-2 Ý() O m žc f KI k á ( T/. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
œ () h -= Œ h (»q T`, h = %L} -4-6 (» q TU) & 8 N i% sï/. ßi IJ Žo J-2 HK- ( 8% sï, TIMSS, TIMMS-R YŒ <K $% o H % 454CK -./. 40 -=, Û N() 0 H (!BŒ Ÿ K CR C EF( Ð T /. ( TU) H > U}( Ð Sk( O /e=, Œ h o% Á> ñ-, o hæ-, o Á > ª -m ( œpij ñª> %= ( Ð f-2 CR C EF b T/. ßi Œ C R t > \-2, = Œ 3 Ñ =-, C r [ ÁIJ 3Œ (o ß q /. ~, `Ði() -2 -; œ Ÿ¼() U4, $h ]v 1 Í \ž Í( ŠH-!ì{o - T T '8Œ q '8/. Œ Û N 1-2 œ 61 =- j( hâ jx-./. Œ ~ +Ë( = {o [ 1p«3 Ñ %= T/. ()K «* Ñ {o CR % jx[`/. CR( F IJ hâ ( µœ KZ [i hæ /. «Y Œ Ä J h r» -} TU µœ + () ]' 2 TU, ï VIJ q q T {o hæ /. È () h- Á8Œ == xð-= å-.; h KS( hæ[u=m, Á' ƒi- > \l!b{o Èd ()» - T Œ µœ \ ]' 6- T/. ß04, 0 $ k' KS-} TU) q '{o ÈF( I %D( T/. ßi, ÈF( Ip-KÞ d- Á( E+ : % U*Ë /. 9 N( 75 TU) > -C fª) K Ä-=, «ÊÚ =K #!" 9 #CI{o yøuë / hæ/. 1. ; :, 1999. 2. -; :, 1999. 3. (); :, 1997. 4. -; :, 1999. 5. ;. - ; :, 2000. 6. ;!"#$ %&' (: $), 1998. 7.!-"#;!"#$ %&'(: $), 2001. 8.!-;!"#$ %&'(: $), 2001. 9. ;!"#$ %&'(: $ ), 1998. 10. Kwon, C. S. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education 1984, 4, 64. 11. Kwon, C. S.; Hwang, K. H. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education 1990, 10, 55. 12. Lee, J. K. A Comparative Study of the Changes of Elemantary Science Curriculum between Korea and Japan. M. Ed. Thesis, Chinju National University of Education, 2001. 13. Kim, O. S. Report of Science Education 1996, 27, 1. 14. Kim J. W. Elementary Science Education 1991, 10, 1. 15. Nam, S. D.; Oho, J. T.; Ok, J. Y. Elementary Science Education 1990, 9, 1. 16. Noh, S. G. J. Science Education, InChen Education of Univ., 1997, 9, 39. 17. Moon, D. H. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education 1990, 10, 17. 18. Kwon, C. S.; Park, B. T. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education 1996, 16, 351. 19. *+,; -.%; /01; 23, $% &'( )*(I); #2456, 1999. 20. *+,; 789; :;<; 2=>;?@6; ABC $% &'( )*(III); #245 6, 2001. 21. D,1; /01; 2E,; 71+ $%
76 &'( )*(II); #2456, 2000. 22. Lee, W. K. Journal of the Korean Association for Research in Science Education 2000, 20, 652. 23. Jeon, H. M. The Comparison of Physics Curriculum High School in Korea and Japan; M. Ed. Thesis, Korea National University of Education, 2000. 24. Jwa, J. W. J. Science Education, Cheju University of Education 2000, 14, 7. 25. Cha, J. S. Journal of InCheon University of Education 1996, 29, 83. 26. Han, I. O. Kankoku no chugakko kagaku karikyuramu ni kansuru kenkyu; Ph. D. Thesis, Tsukuba University, 1993. 27. Moon, J. D.; Hung, J. H. Chemical Education 1993, 20, 108. 28. Song, H. B.; Eom, J. H. Chemical Education 1997, 24, 254. 29. Lim, H. O.; Yoon, M. Y.; Kim, S. C. Chemical Education 1996, 23, 324. 30. Choi, B. S. Chemical Education 1998, 25, 80. 31. Kang, D. H.; Kim, B. G.; Yang, K. Y. J. Science of Education, Gyeongsang National University 1999, 19, 13. 32. #2 F2 =GH6' &'( )* +,; #2 F2 =GH6': $), 1996. 33. Takahashi, W. Physical Education 2000, 50, 42. 34. -./. 01234567; IJAK, 1999. 35. -./.89 :;<4567; IJAK, 2001. 36. - ; :, 1998. 37. / ; LMNOP:, 1998. 38. $QR; STU; VW& &% =>; # X(: ";, 2000. 39. Choe, H. S.; Kim, J. J. The Journal of Curriculum and & Evaluation 2002, 5, 51. 40. YZ[\]^_?@A @ABC DE; :, 2001. Journal of the Korean Chemical Society