Biology 211 (1) Exam 2 Worksheet Chapter 33 Introduction to Animal Diversity Kingdom Animalia: 1. Approximately how many different animal species are alive on Earth currently. How many those species have been described and given scientific names? 2. List at least three characteristics of animals. What are animals cells held together by? b. c. 3. has two sets of chromosomes, while has one set. 4. From the beginning of the zygote formation, list and explain the actions that occur to eventually form the gastrul 5. What are the 3 embryonic tissue layers (germ layers) called? What adult tissues are formed from each of these 3 layers? b. c. 6. All eukaryotes have genes that regulate the expression of other genes. 7. Fill out the chart on the history of animal life on Earth. Era How many years ago? Major Activity Neoproterozoic Paleozoic Mesozoic Cenozoic 8. What are three of the main hypotheses of the Cambrian Explosion? b. c. 9. Describe the three different types of symmetry. Asymmetry: b. Radial: c. Bilateral: 1 of 10
10. Do sponges have true tissues? 11. organisms only have the ectoderm and endoderm germ layers. organisms have all three germ layers. 12. At what developmental stage should one be able to first distinguish a diploblastic from triploblastic embryo? 13. What is a coelom? Draw a cross section of an acoelomate, pseudocoelomate, and coelomate animal. 14. Compare and contrast protostome and deuterostome development from zygote to gastrulation. Does the blastopore become the mouth or the anus in a protostome animal? Protostomes: b. Deuterostomes: 15. In protostome animals, the blastopore becomes the of the digestive system, and the cleavage is and. 16. In deuterostome animals, the blastopore becomes the of the digest system, and the cleavage is and. 17. Describe the difference between cleavage that is determinate and cleavage that is indeterminate. Determinate: b. Indeterminate: 18. What are the two major protostome clades? 2 of 10
Chapter 34: Sponges and Cnidarians Phylum Calcarea and Silicea: 1. Fill out the following chart: Sponges Phylum Reproduction Feeding Cell Tissue (Yes or No) Motility (Adult VS Larvae) Triploplasty or Diploblasty 2. Sponges are symmetrical. Their inner cell layer is made up of and the outlet layer is known as the. 3. What evidence is there that multicellularity originated in a sponge-like animal? What protist is the closest relative to animals? 4. Draw and label a simple sponge body plan. 3 of 10
Phylum Cnidaria: 1. Fill out the following chart: Coral/Jellyfish/Hydra Phylum Reproduction Tissue (Yes or No) Body Forms (Motility) 2. What are the four classes of Cnidarians? 3. What are the two body forms of Cnidarians? 4. What specialized cell do cnidarians use to capture their prey? 5. If you went to study coral in the ocean, what body form would you see them as? 6. What symbiotic relationship do many corals have? 7. Both the polyp and medusa are what ploidy level? 4 of 10
Chapter 34: Lophotrochozoans Lophotrochozoans: Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) Ceolom type Reproduction Tissue (Yes or No) Protostomes or Deuterostomes Lophophore/Trochophore Segmented (Yes/No) One Free-living Class Three Parasitic Class 1. What is the lophophore function? Trochophore function? 2. Define cephalization: 3. What is a major difference between the body plan of a free-living and a parasitic Platyhelminthes? 4. Name at least four characteristics of parasitic Platyhelminthes. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Schistosomiasis is a debilitating disease in humans caused by. 6. Do tapeworms have a digestive tract? Annelida Ceolom type 5 of 10
Annelida Reproduction Tissue (Yes or No) Protostomes or Deuterostomes Lophophore/Trochophore Segmented (Yes/No) Three Groups 7. What are some reasons that earthworms are ecologically important? Mollusca Ceolom type Reproduction Tissue (Yes or No) Protostomes or Deuterostomes Lophophore/Trochophore Segmented (Yes/No) Three Classes with Radula (Examples) One Class w/o Radula (Examples) 1. Draw a general body plan of a Mollusk. Be sure to include the following: foot, mantle, shell, visceral mass, gill. 2. What is a radula? What has the radula in Cephalopoda been modified into? 6 of 10
Ecydosozoans: Chapter 34: Ecdysozoans Nematoda Ceolom type Protostomes or Deuterostomes Segmented (Yes/No) Examples of Nematoda that parasitize humans Roundworms 3. Nematoda are covered by an exoskeleton referred to as a that is made of. Arthropoda Ceolom type Protostomes or Deuterostomes Segmented (Yes/No) Four major subphyla (give examples) 1. Arthropod success and diversity is related to these four characteristics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 2. What is the most successful group of arthropods? 3. Insects have hard exoskeletons made of. What are three advantages to an exoskeleton? 1. Provides protection, prevents water-loss, attachment sites for muscles. 7 of 10
4. Insect have what three major adaptations that may be the key to their success? 1. 2. 3. 5. Insects consume % of crops in parts of Afric U.S. farmers spend illions each year on pesticides. 6. What is the main benefit of having jointed appendages? 8 of 10
Chapter 35: Vertebrates Deuterostomes: 1. All chordates have what four characteristics? 2. What are four characteristics that vertebrates have? 3. Match the terms to the correct number: Head b. Notochord c. Lobed fins d. Milk e. Vertebral column f. Lungs/lung derivatives g. Amniotic egg h. Jaws, mineralized skeleton i. Legs 9 of 10
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