CCSS ELA 9-12 Reading, Writing, Speaking, & Listening BOTTOM PAGE 1 The Homer s Odyssey Interactive Layered Flip Book
The Odyssey Interactive Layered Flip Book Each flap is ¾ inch and is ready for you to easily line up by using the directions on how to assemble the organizer. Includes: Literary Terms (epic, epic hero, epithet ) Character Map and answer key Interactive Study Guide and answer Key A Hero's Journey visual, chart, and answer key Layered Flip STAPLE IN EACH Map of Odysseus voyage CORNER Book Directions Mythology chart and answer key ALONG THE TOP For your Odyssey Flip Book 1. Go to Print PDF. 2. Print all the pages.i recommend card stock. If you print on white paper grayscale have students color in tabs with crayons or pencils. 3. The flip book is already in portrait format. There is no need to change any printer settings. 4. Cut each page along the dashed guideline. 5. Stack in order and line up neatly. 6. Fasten them all together with staples in each corner along the top close to the edge. My Email for Assistance Studyallknight@gmail.com Like me on Find me on Kimberly Geswein Fonts Commercial Use Teacher Resources to Reach All Students Please provide me with feedback! It is really appreciated! Visit me again. Jen Jones Hello Fonts Commercial Use.
God/Goddess Roman Name Realm Characteristics In the Odyssey Zeus MYTHOLOGY IN THE ODYSSEY Hera Poseidon Hades Athena Hermes Ares Aeolus Apollo Aphrodite Muses Fates Calypso Character Map and Mythology
The Odyssey Character Map Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
The hero's journey is a pattern that can be found in myths, stories, and legends from a range of cultures and time periods. From ancient Greece to modern Hollywood and anywhere beyond or in between, the hero's journey is an important archetype (or basic original pattern) from which many stories have been derived. 1. Ordinary World - The hero's normal world before the story begins 2. Call to Adventure - The hero is presented with a problem, challenge or adventure 3. Refusal of the Call - The hero refuses the challenge or journey, usually because he's scared 4. Meeting with the Mentor - The hero meets a mentor to gain advice or training for the adventure 5. Crossing the First Threshold - The hero crosses leaves the ordinary world and goes into the special world. The threshold is the jumping off point - the gateway to the unknown A Hero s Journey CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE
The hero's journey is a pattern that can be found in myths, stories, and legends from a range of cultures and time periods. From ancient Greece to modern Hollywood and anywhere beyond or in between, the hero's journey is an important archetype (or basic original pattern) from which many stories have been derived. 6. Tests, Allies, Enemies - The hero faces tests, meets allies, confronts enemies & learn the rules of this new world. 7. Approach - The hero has hit setbacks during tests & may need to try a new idea 8. Ordeal - The biggest life or death crisis 9. Reward - The hero has survived death, overcomes his fear and now earns the reward 10. The Road Back - The hero must return to the Ordinary World. Fighting from The Ordeal is not finished. 11. Resurrection Hero - another test where the hero faces death he has to use everything he's learned 12. Return with Elixir - The hero returns from the journey with the elixir (his new power/skill), and uses it to help everyone in the Ordinary World CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE
CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE
Important Background Information for The Odyssey Greek kingship Kingship was determined not by birth but by acclaim, superior wealth and achievement. No one is automatically the next king in Ithaca, even if he does marry Penelope; however, the marriage would help a suitor become king. Hospitality/Courtesy Hospitality was crucial to the ancient Greeks. As sailors and travelers through wild countries, they depended on strangers. They might ask to be hosted, fed and given gifts as guests. At same time, they might raid, kill, steal, & kidnap women. Odysseus does both. Magical elements Prophecies were common elements in Greek tales. They often lend irony to a story, as a character does not realize a prophecy is coming true until it has happened. Curses were also common; an effective curse required clearly identifying the offender as by name and home so the gods could find and punish him. Oaths, as in promises, were absolutely binding; breaking them would be punished by the gods. Athena s fury with the Achaeans Athena was enraged when an Achaean man named Ajax (not the famous one) tried to rape Trojan King Priam s daughter Cassandra, who had taken refuge in Athena s temple. When the Achaeans failed to punish Ajax, Athena sent storm winds that kept them from going home. Ajax was killed; Menelaus wandered for 7 years, and Odysseus for 10. When the Odyssey opens, Athena is on Odysseus s side; this change is not explained. Probably, she felt he d paid his debt to her. Helen The Trojan War happened because Menelaus called all his Greek allies (Greece was not all one country yet) to help get back his wife and the many treasures stolen by Paris. Did Helen go willingly with Paris? The answer is we don t know. Paris chose Aphrodite as the most beautiful goddess, (angering Athena and Hera, by the way) and the goddess promised to get him Helen. Some sources think Helen wanted to go with him, but others describe it as abduction and rape. Maybe Aphrodite put a spell on Helen to go with Paris, and this magic later wore off. Maybe she really liked him better, but played all lovey with her husband back at home to protect her life. In the tenth year of the Trojan War, the Greeks tricked the enemy into bringing a colossal wooden horse within the walls of Troy. The Trojans had no idea that Greek soldiers were hidden inside, under the command of Odysseus. That night they emerged and opened the city gates to the Greek army. Troy was destroyed. Now it was time for Odysseus and the other Greeks to return to their kingdoms across the sea. Here begins the tale of the Odyssey, as sung by the blind minstrel Homer. CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDE LINE Homer, The Odyssey, Themes, Literary Devices CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
6 7 4 2 5 9 8 13 1 11 10 14 17 15 16 12 18 3 Odysseus Journey- numbered in order. Epithet Adjective or descriptive phrase regularly used to characterize a person, place, or thing. We speak of Honest Abe, for example, and America the Beautiful. Homeric Epithet: compound adjective that modifies a noun. Ex: wine-dark sea, rosy-fingered dawn, the gray-eyed goddess Athena. What is an EPIC? Long, narrative poem about the adventures of a hero Shows values & beliefs of a culture Includes a journey / quest Encompasses vast setting (world) Involves supernatural forces Hero s actions determine nation s fate Epic Hero LARGER THAN LIFE PERSON who embodies the highest ideals of his culture and embodies LOYALTY, VALOR/ COURAGE, SENSE OF JUSTICE, DIGNITY, PERSISTENCE The epic hero usually undertakes a QUEST/ JOURNEY to achieve something of great value to themselves or society Epic heroes LIVE ON AFTER DEATH meaning they are forever remembered by those who live after them achieving a type of IMMORTALITY Not a Superman with magical powers but a REGULAR human whose aspirations and accomplishments set him/her apart. Overcomes great obstacles/opponents but maintains HUMANITY The epic hero is an ARCHETYPAL character. Epic hero experiences typical HUMAN EMOTIONS/ FEELINGS, yet is able to master and control these human traits to a greater degree than a typical person CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
1. The Odyssey begins with the invocation to the Muse. What is the purpose of this section? 2. Odysseus is talking to King Alcinous of Phaeacia. Find one passage in which Odysseus expresses his great longing to return home to Ithaca, and write the line or lines here. 3. Where did Odysseus start the long journey about which he is telling King Alcinous? (See line 38) 4. Why does the army of the Cicones attack Odysseys and his men? (See lines 43-51) 5. When they escape from the land of the Cicones, why are six benches empty in each of Odysseus ships? (See lines 63-64) 6. According to Odysseus, who caused the great storm in line 70? 7. Odysseus and his men land on the coastline of the Lotus Eaters to take on water. Why does he send three men ashore? 8. What is the danger to Odysseus and his men in the land of the Lotus Eaters? 9. How does Odysseus rescue his men from this danger? The Adventures of Odysseus CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
1. One of the laws of ancient Greek society is courtesy to strangers. What does Polyphemus do to defy this law? 2. Why does Odysseus not kill the Cyclops when he is asleep? 3. What does Odysseus do to prepare for the Cyclops return to the cave? 4. What do Odysseus and his men do to Polyphemus? 5. Why don t the other Cyclopes help Polyphemus? 6. What trick does Odysseus use to free his men and himself from the cave? 7. When he is safely at sea, Odysseus boasts of his true identity. What does Polyphemus ask Poseidon, the god of the sea, to do? 8. From the episode of the Cyclops, give two examples of Odysseus famous cleverness. The Cyclops CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2013
1. Who does Odysseus see in the Land of the Dead and why is Odysseus there? 2. What plan does Odysseus devise that will enable him to listen to the song of the Sirens yet remain unharmed by them? 3. How does Odysseus protect his men from the danger of the Sirens song? 4. When he hears the Sirens song, what does Odysseus tell his crew to do? 5. How do his men respond to this command? 6. Circe has warned Odysseus about Scylla and Charybdis. What are they? 7. As they pass Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus follows Circe s advice in order to lose the fewest men. What is his plan? 8. What does Odysseus compare the way Scylla snatched his six men from their boat? 9. On the island of Thrinakia, what crime to Odysseus men commit while Odysseus is praying? 10. How does Zeus punish Odysseus men for what they did? The Land of the Dead; The Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis; The Cattle of the Sun God CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2013
1. What is the situation in Ithaca when Odysseus first returns? 2. How is Odysseus disguised when Telemachus first sees him? 3. Why does Telemachus think that Odysseus must be a god? 4. Which of the gods has helped Odysseus and advised him about his homecoming? 5. What does the section titled Argus reveal about Odysseus? 6. Why are lines 1190-1200 ironic? 7. What qualities does Penelope reveal about herself through her actions? 8. When Penelope talks to the beggar, she tells him about the trick she used to postpone choosing one of the suitors as a husband. What is the trick? The Return of Odysseus; Argus; The Suitors; Penelope; The Challenge; Odysseus Revenge CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
9. Why does Penelope take Odysseus hunting bow to the hall where the suitors are? 10. In lines 1370-1376, to what does Homer compare Odysseus string of the bow? 11. After stringing the bow, which none of the suitors could do, what other extraordinary feat does the old beggar accomplish? 12. Antinous is one of the suitors. What does he do that reveals his bad character? 13. Which of the suitors does Odysseus kill first? 14. In lines 1440-1444, Odysseus gives his reasons for killing the suitors. List the reasons: 15. What argument does Eurymachus use in lines 1449-11463 to try to save his own life and the lives of the other suitors? CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
16. Summarize Odysseus reply to Eurymachus in lines 1466-1471. 17. Who helps Odysseus fight against the suitors? 18. What is the outcome of the battle between Odysseus and the suitors? CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014
1. In lines 1561-1590, Penelope tests Odysseus to see if he is really her husband. What is the test? 2. In lines 1597-1612, what reason does Penelope give Odysseus for having tested him in this way? 3. Reread lines 1613-1623. To what does Homer compare the way Odysseus has longed for his wife? Penelope s Test CUT ALONG DASHED GUIDELINE Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2013
The Odyssey Study Guide Answer Key The Adventures of Odysseus 1. The Odyssey begins with the invocation to the Muse. What is the purpose of this section? to ask the goddesses of poetry and music to make the poem a good one; to introduce the poem and give some background to the story 2. Odysseus is talking to King Alcinous of Phaeacia. Find one passage in which Odysseus expresses his great longing to return home to Ithaca, and write the line or lines here. Where shall a man find sweetness to surpass his own home and his parents? In far lands he shall not, though he find a house of gold. 35-37 3. Where did Odysseus start the long journey about which he is telling King Alcinous? (See line 38) Troy 4. Why does the army of the Cicones attack Odysseys and his men? (See lines 43-51) the Greeks attacked them first and stuck around so long that other Cicones from neighboring areas are able to attack 5. When they escape from the land of the Cicones, why are six benches empty in each of Odysseus ships? (See lines 63-64) the men who had been sitting in these benches were dead from the battle 6. According to Odysseus, who caused the great storm in line 70? Zeus 7. Odysseus and his men land on the coastline of the Lotus Eaters to take on water. Why does he send three men ashore? to scout the area and find out what sort of people lived there 8. What is the danger to Odysseus and his men in the land of the Lotus Eaters? those who eat the lotus blossom forget everything else other than their desire to eat more lotus blossoms they lose their hope of home 9. How does Odysseus rescue his men from this danger? he ties down the men who have already eaten the lotus blossoms and tells the rest to run back to the ship The Cyclops 1. One of the laws of ancient Greek society is courtesy to strangers. What does Polyphemus do to defy this law? he eats his guests 2. Why does Odysseus not kill the Cyclops when he is asleep? if the Cyclops is killed, they will never escape the cave because he is the only creature that could move the large stone in front of the cave opening 3. What does Odysseus do to prepare for the Cyclops return to the cave? he and his men use an olive tree that they find to make a weapon to attack the Cyclops 4. What do Odysseus and his men do to Polyphemus? Odysseus gets him drunk. And once Polyphemus falls asleep, Odysseus and four other men attack the Cyclops with the weapon they ve made gouging his eye.
The Odyssey Study Guide Answer Key The Cyclops continued 5. Why don t the other Cyclopes help Polyphemus? Odysseus tricks the Cyclops when he says his name is Nohbdy (which sounds a little like Odysseus in Greek outis ); so when Polyphemus screams for help he says that Nohbdy has tricked me etc 6. What trick does Odysseus use to free his men and himself from the cave? They tie together rams and hide underneath them as they leave to go to their pastures for the day. 7. When he is safely at sea, Odysseus boasts of his true identity. What does Polyphemus ask Poseidon, the god of the sea, to do? He asks Poseidon to do one of two things. Either kill Odysseus and his men preventing them from ever returning home, or make their journey long and their homecoming bitter. 8. From the episode of the Cyclops, give two examples of Odysseus famous cleverness. (1) getting Polyphemus drunk; (2) attacking only his eye; (3) the name trick; (4) the rams/escape trick The Land of the Dead; The Sirens, Scylla and Charybdis; The Cattle of the Sun God 1. Who does Odysseus see in the Land of the Dead and why is Odysseus there? Tiresias and to get his destiny 2. What plan does Odysseus devise that will enable him to listen to the song of the Sirens yet remain unharmed by them? He will be tied to the mast of the ship. 3. How does Odysseus protect his men from the danger of the Sirens song? He covers their ears with beeswax. 4. When he hears the Sirens song, what does Odysseus tell his crew to do? He struggles and asks to be untied. 5. How do his men respond to this command? They tie more ropes on him and tie him even more tightly. 6. Circe has warned Odysseus about Scylla and Charybdis. What are they? Scylla is a 6 headed sea monster. Charybdis is a monster that lives on the bottom of the ocean near Scylla and sucks in the ocean causing a whirlpool that destroys everything in its path three times a day. 7. As they pass Scylla and Charybdis, Odysseus follows Circe s advice in order to lose the fewest men. What is his plan? She recommends that they pass closer to Scylla who will only take one man for each gullet (stomach/head) and since they could lose the entire ship if they are caught in by Charybdis. 8. What does Odysseus compare the way Scylla snatched his six men from their boat? He compares her actions to a fisherman who rips a fish out of the water while it is still wiggling and alive. 9. On the island of Thrinakia, what crime to Odysseus men commit while Odysseus is praying? (See page 887) They slaughter and eat the cattle of the sun god, Helios. 10. How does Zeus punish Odysseus men for what they did? His thunderbolt destroys the ship, and all the men other than Odysseus drown. Odysseus washes up on Calypso s island.
The Odyssey Study Guide Answer Key The Return of Odysseus; Argus; The Suitors; Penelope; The Challenge; Odysseus Revenge 1. What is the situation in Ithaca when Odysseus first returns? He s been gone for 20 years, so his son is a young man, many people believe he is dead, and his wife is plagued by suitors who wish to marry him and take his wealth to be their own. 2. How is Odysseus disguised when Telemachus first sees him? He is dressed like a beggar. 3. Why does Telemachus think that Odysseus must be a god? Athena magically transforms Odysseus into the young man that he once was in front of Telemachus. 4. Which of the gods has helped Odysseus and advised him about his homecoming? Athena 5. What does the section titled Argus reveal about Odysseus? He is sad that the homecoming that he has been anticipating for so long is as disappointing as it is only a dog recognizes him. 6. Why are lines 1190-1200 ironic? Eumaus talks to Odysseus about Argos, the dog, and in doing so, he mentions that Odysseus is dead because he does not know he is speaking with Odysseus. 7. What qualities does Penelope reveal about herself through her actions on page 905? generous hospitality; loyalty to Odysseus 8. When Penelope talks to the beggar, she tells him about the trick she used to postpone choosing one of the suitors as a husband. What is the trick? She told the suitors that she will not choose one of them until she has finished weaving a shroud. During the day she weaves, but during the evenings, she unravels what she has done. 9. Why does Penelope take Odysseus hunting bow to the hall where the suitors are? She decided to give them an impossible task to choose whom she will marry. She tells them that she will marry the person who can string Odysseus old bow and then use it to shoot an arrow through 12 ax heads in one shot. 10. In lines 1370-1376, to what does Homer compare Odysseus string of the bow? He does it as easily as a harp player strings a harp. 11. After stringing the bow, which none of the suitors could do, what other extraordinary feat does the old beggar accomplish? He was able to shoot the arrow through the ax heads. 12. Antinous is one of the suitors. What does he do that reveals his bad character? He mistreats the beggar (a guest) by calling him horrible names and throwing a stool at him. 13. Which of the suitors does Odysseus kill first? Antinous 14. In lines 1440-1444, Odysseus gives his reasons for killing the suitors. List the reasons: (1) They plundered his home. (2) They corrupted the maids of his house. (3) They tried to marry his wife.
The Odyssey Study Guide Answer Key The Return of Odysseus; Argus; The Suitors; Penelope; The Challenge; Odysseus continued 15. What argument does Eurymachus use in lines 1449-11463 to try to save his own life and the lives of the other suitors? He says that they were all following Antinous who whipped them up to do these things. He also says that he and the other suitors will repay Odysseus for what they ve wasted from his household costs. 16. Summarize Odysseus reply to Eurymachus in lines 1466-1471. He doesn t care about these things he will kill them all. 17. Who helps Odysseus fight against the suitors? Telemachus, Eumaus (the swineherd), Philoteus (the cowherd), and Athena (as a flying shield) 18. What is the outcome of the battle between Odysseus and the suitors? Odysseus side wins. Penelope s Test 1. In lines 1561-1590, Penelope tests Odysseus to see if he is really her husband. What is the test? She lies to him about their bed in such a way that a fake Odysseus wouldn t notice her comment, but the real Odysseus would know without a doubt that it was impossible. 2. In lines 1597-1612, what reason does Penelope give Odysseus for having tested him in this way? She has had to endure many years of imposters and lies. 3. Reread lines 1613-1623. To what does Homer compare the way Odysseus has longed for his wife? He compares this longing to the way a man swimming from a shipwreck longs to see dry land again.
A Hero s Journey Answer Key 1. Ordinary World - The hero's normal world before the story begins Odysseus was the ruler of Ithaca. He had a wife (Penelope) and a son (Telemachus). 2. Call to Adventure - The hero is presented with a problem, challenge or adventure King Menelaus of Sparta had his wife (Helen) stolen from him by Troy. Odysseus had sworn to protect their marriage. The Trojan War breaks out. 3. Refusal of the Call - The hero refuses the challenge or journey, usually because he's scared Odysseus doesn t want to go to war. He pretends to be insane. The Greeks prove Odysseus is faking it and Odysseus leads his Ithacan soldiers to war. 4. Meeting with the Mentor - The hero meets a mentor to gain advice or training for the adventure Athena, the Goddess of Wisdom, is the main mentor of Odysseus. She gives Odysseus intelligence in tricking the Cyclops, finds his son Telemachus, disguises him from Penelope, assures Odysseus the suitors will die, and guards Odysseus as he kills them. Odysseus also aided by Hermes versus the Witch Circe. Circe herself becomes a mentor (and lover) when she warns Odysseus of the Sirens, the Scylla, and the Charybdis. And the dead prophet, Teiresias, tells Odysseus his destiny. 5. Crossing the First Threshold - The hero crosses leaves the ordinary world and goes into the special world. The threshold is the jumping off point - the gateway to the unknown Odysseus travels to the Land of the Dead, where he summons spirits of the dead through sacrifice. Teiresias tells him of the journey he must take back to Ithaca, and how he will die. 6. Tests, Allies, Enemies - The hero faces tests, meets allies, confronts enemies & learn the rules of Tests this new world. Allies The Trojan War Battle with the Cicones The Island of the Lotus Eaters The Defeat of the Witch Circe The Resisting of the Sirens Passing the Scylla & Charybdis The Phaecians Telemachus Eumaeus & Philoeteus: the herdsmen Laestrygonians (cannibals) Polyphemus the Cyclops Killing of Helios s Sacred Cattle The Island of Aeolia (bag of wind) Escaping the Nymph Calypso Eurcleia: Penelope s Maid Enemies The Suitors The Traitorous Maids
7. Approach - The hero has hit setbacks during tests & may need to try a new idea The suitors are swarming his palace. Athena advises Odysseus to disguise himself as a beggar in order to avoid detection. 8. Ordeal - The biggest life or death crisis Odysseus infiltrates his palace in disguise and passes his wife s test he strings his own bow and shoots the arrow through 12 axe handles. 9. Reward - The hero has survived death, overcomes his fear and now earns the reward He has won his own wife back he has rescued Penelope from the grasp of the suitors. 10. The Road Back - The hero must return to the Ordinary World. Fighting from The Ordeal is not finished. Odysseus reveals himself as the returned king of Ithaca. 11. Resurrection Hero - another test where the hero faces death he has to use everything he's learned With help from his son, the two herders, and Athena, Odysseus kills all the suitors and hangs the unfaithful maids. 12. Return with Elixir - The hero returns from the journey with the elixir (his new power/skill), and uses it to help everyone in the Ordinary World Odysseus, after reuniting with Penelope, has restored order to Ithaca and continues life in his rightful place as king. Everything is back to normal.
ANSWER KEY MYTHOLOGY IN THE ODYSSEY God/Goddess Roman Name Realm Characteristics In the Odyssey Zeus Jupiter Mt. Olympus/ The sky Supreme god of the Olympians. Fathered many characters in mythology; moody; powerful Hera Juno Zeus s sister and wife Jealous protector of marriage. Punished the women Zeus fell in love with The Muse, daughter of Zeus, who inspired the writing of the Odyssey; referred to often, Athena asks Zeus for permission Poseidon Neptune God of the Seas and Waterstempestuous, violent and cruel The Earthshaker The Trident is his symbol. The god who opposes Odysseus. Odysseus is also quick to anger, violent and cruel at times to this god Hades Pluto God of the Underworld/ Dead Kidnapped Persephone Odysseus travels to the Land of the Dead. Athena Minerva Goddess of Wisdom and War fights to protect the homeland. Sprang from Zeus s head goddess who favors Odysseus Aeolus God of Winds Aeolus lives with his wife and twelve children on the floating island of Aeolia (Aiolia)... the location of Aeolia is constantly changing because of its relationship with the Winds. After the Trojan War, Odysseus and his crew spent a month as guests of Aeolus. Odysseus was lost at sea and constantly being buffeted by contrary winds until he found asylum on Aeolia. Aeolus gave Odysseus wind to send him and his crew home. Aeolus took a stitched-up bull's hide and sealed all the Winds. He tied the hide with a silver cord and warned Odysseus not to open the bag under any circumstances. Hermes Mercury Messenger of the Gods Appears in more myths than any other character Appears to Odysseus on the Island of Circe. Gives help as to how to handle Circe. Ares Mars God of War; Son of Zeus and Hera Apollon Apollo God of Light/Sun and Music Bloodthirsty and merciless Brother of Artemis (The Greek name is (Apollon). During the Trojan War, Odysseus was assigned the task of returning a captured slave girl. Apollon was pleased and gave Odysseus a favorable wind so that he could sail swiftly from
ANSWER KEY Character Map Design by Danielle Knight (Study All Knight), 2014