Important reactions and nuclides - implications for EAF-2009 Robin Forrest Euratom/UKAEA Fusion Association Culham Science Centre This work, supported by the European Communities under the contract of Association between EURATOM/UKAEA, was carried out within the framework of EFDA
Outline Introduction Importance diagrams for EAF-2007 Activation Handbook with EASY-2007 Dominant nuclides - decay data Important reactions Importance viewer in the User Interface SACS and the Analysis tool Validation report EAF-2009 Conclusions
Introduction European work on activation data libraries in the past funded by EFDA, now by F4E (Barcelona) This year s work for F4E will lead to EAF-2009 The first stage was thorough testing of EAF-2007 to identify where improvements can be made During 2008 some infra-structure improvements made: Conversion of SAFEPAQ-II from VB5 to VB.NET Addition of new features in SAFEPAQ-II Production of an updated Activation handbook (using EAF- 2007) Collection of new data Improvement of (n,γ) reactions Improvements of uncertainties
Importance diagrams A neutron spectrum needed for activation calculations FISPACT output files contain a large amount of data How to summarize ideally as a picture? Importance diagrams give a picture of the dominant nuclides for all neutron energies and all decay times They are largely independent of the neutron flux Set of activation calculations for mono-energetic neutrons Identify dominant nuclides for a quantity e.g. activity Find regions in (decay time, energy) space where a nuclide contributes more than 50%
Activity importance diagram for Cu Cu 62 Cu 64 10 7 Co 60 Ni 59 10 6 10 5 Ni 63 Neutron energy (ev) 10 4 10 3 10 2 Cu 64 Zn 65 Fe 60 10 1 10 0 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 10 4 10 5 10 6 10 7 10 8 10 9 10 10 10 11 10 12 10 13 Zn-65 contributes > 50% Decay tim e (s)
Information from importance diagrams Nuclides shown are primary nuclides (> 50%) Secondary nuclides (1-50%) also identified Further FISPACT runs at a set of particular energies gives the pathways and hence reactions that produce the primary nuclides Use of EAF-2007 allows study to cover energies < 60 MeV By considering all elements get: List of the dominant nuclides (primary and secondary) List of important reactions Lists allow focus on which nuclides and reactions to improve What is new for E > 20 MeV?
Dose rate importance diagram for V V 48 Sc 46 Sc 44 Ca 41 K 40 V 49 10 7 Sc 48 K 42 Ti 51 10 6 Sc 47 10 5 EAF-2007 y (ev) 10 4 V 50 V 49 Ca 41 10 7 K 42 Ti 51 Sc 48 Sc 46 10 6 Ti 51 Sc 47 10 5 Sc 47 V 50 EAF-2003 ev) 10 4
Dominant nuclides Primary nuclides seen on importance diagrams (> 50%) Secondary nuclides (1-50 %) SAFEPAQ-II can now show: Original source for each nuclide ΔQ, indicates consistency of evaluation File comments 447 primary nuclides
Dominant nuclides Ordered by ΔQ Comments shown
Importance diagrams for EAF-2007 New primary nuclides are seen for E > 20 MeV For V: 48 V, 44 Sc and 40 K Diagrams for H Bi analysed 36 new primary nuclides 7 Be, 11 C, 19 Ne, 48 Ca, 50 Cr, 64 Zn, 66 Ga, 72 As, 76 Br, 82m Rb, 86 Y, 108 Cd, 114 Cd, 109 Sn, 124 Sn, 124 I, 124 Xe, 130 Cs, 136 Ce, 138m Pr, 139m Nd, 160 Gd, 154m Tb, 156 Dy, 158 Ho, 162 Er, 168 Yb, 170 Lu, 171 Hf, 172 Hf, 176 Ta, 183 W, 184 Os, 192 Au, 196 Hg, 201m Bi Exotic reactions seen for E > 20 MeV 54 Fe(n,dα) 49 V in pathways 39 Ar, 42 Ar and 44 Sc 18% of 39 Ar formed has 54 Fe(n,dα) 49 V as first step
Importance diagrams for EAF-2007 Define an importance value to each reactions If the reaction is in a pathway that contributes: 50% then importance = 5 20% then importance = 4 10% then importance = 3 5% then importance = 2 1% then importance = 1 Previously major reaction importance 5 and 4 2,272 major reactions
Activation handbook Current Handbook produced with EAF-2003, needed to be updated for EAF-2007 Production of Importance diagrams using EAF-2007 and extending to 60 MeV completed Work on cooling curves for 5 neutron spectra completed, production of new handbook by March 2009 (658 pages!) Primary and secondary nuclides identified Important reactions (using scale 1 to 5) identified Results can be seen in the User Interface Importance viewer New features in SAFEPAQ-II: Important and measured reaction statistics Analysis plots can use new importance results
Importance diagrams for EAF-2007 Compared to total of 65,565 only 3.5% are major 2,272 major reactions are: mostly of traditional types e.g. (n,γ) 432, (n,2n) 365, (n,α) 236 Some exotic types e.g. (n,5n) 69, (n,6n) 41, (n,2nt) 25, (n,dα) 25, (n,tα) 14 Analysis shows: 923 of the 2,231 nuclides describe activation properties of all elements < 60 MeV 5,105 of the 65,565 reactions needed for all dominant nuclides Allows focus of future work Will be able to give a list of reactions that need new measurements Reactions that cannot be measured will need improved model calculations
Importance viewer (1) Primary nuclides Secondary nuclides Reactions
Importance viewer (2) Primary nuclide Pathway contributions at various energies
Importance viewer (3) Total Activity(Energy) at all the times Selected time
Validating and testing EAF libraries Consider only the n-induced data in EAF-2007 Huge number (65,565) of reactions All methods of testing are built into SAFEPAQ-II Compare with EXFOR (~1,800 reactions) Compare to integral data (470 reactions) Only a small fraction of library can be compared to exp. Statistical Analysis of Cross Sections (SACS) method
Statistical analysis of cross sections (SACS) Systematics show that measured cross sections at particular energies have a good correlation with parameters such as A or s = (N - Z) / A Work on maximum cross sections by Manokhin for (n,2n) shows similar trend Such data easily extracted from EAF-2007 or one of the data sources and displayed as scatter plot against A, Z or s Trend lines can be added and reactions discrepant from the trend identified
Definition of statistics 1.0E+00 σ max 8.0E-01 Cross section (b) 6.0E-01 4.0E-01 Δ ½ 2.0E-01 0.0E+00 1.0E+07 2.0E+07 3.0E+07 4.0E+07 5.0E+07 6.0E+07 E max Energy (ev)
EAF-2005.1 σ max (s)) for (n,p) 1E+01 Trend line Max cross section (b) 1E+00 1E-01 1E-02 1E-03 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Discrepant reactions Asymmetry (s)
EAF-2007 σ max (s)) for (n,p) 1E+01 Max cross section (b) 1E+00 1E-01 1E-02 Improvement 1E-03 0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15 0.20 0.25 Asymmetry (s)
Analysis tool Statistical Analysis of Cross Sections (SACS) is implemented in SAFEPAQ-II Now possible to use the EAF-2007 importance analysis σ max (s) for (n,2n) Actinides and A< 20 excluded Same trend for both major and non-important reactions
σ max (s)) for (n,α) Actinides and A < 20 excluded Same trend for both measured and calculated reactions
Extensions to SACS A new statistic skewness of a cross section curve for threshold reactions introduced Covered in detail by Lee Packer Skewness parameter
Statistics of important and measured reactions What is the numbers of reactions that are both measured and important? SAFEPAQ-II can now show this Select the number to see a listing
Statistics validated reactions that are important Only 75 of the 1,380 most important reactions have been validated!
EASY-2007 Validation report The validation report for EASY-2007 (UKAEA FUS 547) is available on the UKAEA web site Contains integral and differential data for 470 reactions This will provide feedback on which reactions to improve The analysis of the FNS decay heat experiments (Sublet) gives additional information especially on the decay data
Validated reactions - 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo 2.00 1.50 C/E = 1.3369 C/E 1.00 C/E = 0.9904 C/E = 0.9890 C/E = 0.9875 C/E = 0.9618 C/E = 1.0626 C/E = 1.0859 1.08 0.93 0.50 0.00 sneg_2 fns_7hour fzk_ss316 sneg_1 fng_vanad.asc fzk_ss316 fng_mo Neutron Spectrum
Validated reactions - 100 Mo(n,2n) 99 Mo Cross section (b) 2.0E+00 1.6E+00 1.2E+00 8.0E-01 4.0E-01 y SAV00 JUL72 KYU77 NAG82 NAG84 LOU73 GIT70 SST87 KHA96 CCP72 RI 99 KOS04 JUL85 GEL01 RI 01 LNZ91 RI 99 GEL05 IBJ86 JAE88 Validated but high energy data still needed!! 0.0E+00 5.0E+06 1.4E+07 2.3E+07 3.3E+07 4.2E+07 5.1E+07 6.0E+07 Energy (ev) Final
Discrepant reaction 50 Cr(n,2n) 49 Cr 1.20 1.07 1.00 C/E = 0.9766 0.93 C/E 0.80 C/E = 0.7871 C/E = 0.7611 C/E = 0.7315 C/E = 0.7384 C/E = 0.7933 0.60 C/E = 0.5128 0.40 C/E = 0.3928 0.20 fng_chromium.asc fzk_ss316 rez_df fns_5min fng_vanad.asc fzk_ss316 fzk_ss316 rez_df Neutron Spectrum
Discrepant reaction - 50 Cr(n,2n) 49 Cr Cross section (b) 2.0E-01 1.6E-01 1.2E-01 8.0E-02 POO91 SLO85 MOH84 SST87 KOS77 LOU73 KIG84 JYV76 ARK76 AUB87 JAE88 TOK92 EAF values need to be increased by ~ 30% to agree with integral Some indication from recent model calculations that this is the case 4.0E-02 0.0E+00 1.0E+07 2.0E+07 3.0E+07 4.0E+07 5.0E+07 6.0E+07 Energy (ev) Final
EAF-2009 Improvements to n-induced cross section data based on: New data sources New experimental data Feedback from EAF-2007 validation exercise Feedback from SACS analysis Decay data improved by 20 new evaluations and use of JEFF-3.1.1 n-induced data will be improved by use of TALYS code to give uncertainties in ~40 groups for set of important targets The complete n-induced uncertainty data will be improved FISPACT will also be updated to use the new data New d calculations will be used to improve d-induced data No plans to improve p-induced data
EASY-2009 EAF-2009 FISPACT is being rewritten in FORTRAN 95 using new algorithm and few approximations, note that the changes will be transparent to the user Available March 2010, but is not expected to be distributed until extensive testing and validation have been done FISPACT-2009 will (probably) use modified version of current code Conversion of User Interface from VB5 to VB.NET (planned, but also may not be available for distribution) Documentation Distribution as EASY-2009 beginning 2010 May be called EASY-2010
Conclusions SAFEPAQ-II updated, new features Activation handbook (EAF-2007) available from April 2009 Based on importance diagrams (H-Bi) Identifies all dominant nuclides and important reactions Importance diagram part in the 2009 User Interface SACS analysis tool updated 2007 Validation report feedback EASY-2009 planned for beginning 2010