Physica MCR The modular rheometer series ::: Intelligence in Rheometry
Physica MCR Modular Compact Rheometer The idea Measure, what is measurable. Make measurable what is not. Galileo Galilei s idea is the basis for the new Physica MCR series. A well-thought out concept, the integration of customer demands and the newest research results, the optimization of existing components and the creation of new technologies: all this makes it possible to push back the limits of technical possibility.
The result The result of this development work is the Physica MCR series. Its modular platform, compact mechanical design and high manufactured quality make the MCR rheometer a secure and long-term investment for research and industry.
Perfection in every detail We ve left nothing to chance. The careful analysis of individual parts in the development phase guarantees the optimal performance of every single rheometer. The technical specifications are verified and ensure the MCR rheometer is a solid measuring platform for all applications in the field of rheometry. Measuring motor Only Physica rheometers offer the advantages of a permanent magnet synchronous motor. The linear characteristic curve of the motor current and the torque as well as the unrivaled dynamics of this motor with its extremely quick response allow excellent control of both CSR and CSS tests. The wide measuring ranges for torque, frequency and speed are only a few of the other advantages of this unique concept. Autogap and gap control (Fig. 1) Extremely precise and versatile setting and control of the measuring gap are essential for a high quality rheometer. The rheometers of the MCR series have automatic gap setting with freely definable setting profiles, automatic gap control and normal force-controlled gap setting and gap control. Quick-fitting coupling (Fig. 2) Every detail of the MCR series is designed for maximum userfriendliness. Using the quick-fitting coupling from Physica, different measuring systems can be exchanged easily in a matter of seconds.
Everything from one source We provide complete solutions: from research, development and production to advice on your applications. All components of the MCR rheometers are manufactured in our ISO 9001 certified high-precision production facilities to the same high standard we use for the manufacture of medical implants and mechanical precision parts for the aviation and aeronautics industries. We do not outsource. Our employees are highly skilled and experienced in the key technologies used in-house. The MCR rheometer is the result of this philosophy. Diffusion air bearing / ball bearing << Fig. 1 The diffusion air bearing of the MCR 100/300/500 rheometers and the precision ball bearing of the MCR 150 are all manufactured in-house. Each bearing is machined to tight tolerances and undergoes exhaustive testing with state-of-theart testing machines. This guarantees the high quality and reliability of these sensitive components. Working area (Fig. 3) The generously large working area allows optimal access for sample filling, cleaning and trimming. Different thermostatting units can be exchanged simply and quickly. << Fig. 2 Measuring systems Concentric cylinder geometries, cone/plate, plate/plate and high shear measuring systems are all part of the standard program for Physica rheometers. Measuring systems for construction materials, paper coatings, asphalt, a high-pressure measuring system and many more are also available. We can also supply measuring systems in different materials and/or with special surface treatments such as profiling or sandblasting. << Fig. 3
Thermostatting units, and accessories The influence of temperature on the rheological flow behavior of materials is well-known. Temperature gradients in the sample must therefore be avoided. We have found a solution to this problem: A complete range of new thermostatting equipment is available for the range of different applications. Temperature gradients are a thing of the past with our measuring cells. Optimal heating and cooling rates are standard. The product range extends from conventional liquid thermostatted measuring cells to extremely user-friendly Peltier systems and measuring equipment for special applications. Cone/plate and plate/plate measuring systems 2 >> 1 >> Cone/plate thermostatting unit with temperature ranges from -40 to +350 C Types: liquid thermostatted, electrically heated, Peltier 1 >> 3 >> 2 >> Measuring bobs: diameters from 8 mm to 75 mm 3 >> Controlled upper heating with temperature ranges from -40 to +350 C Types: electrically heated, Peltier (patented) Cylinder measuring systems 2.1 >> 1 >> Cylinder thermostatting units with temperature ranges from -40 to +300 C Types: liquid thermostatted, electrically heated, Peltier (patented) 2 >> 3 >> 2 >> Pressure cells for operating pressures up to 150 bar 2.1 >> Measuring bob for the pressure cell 1 >> 4 >> 3 >> Cylindrical standard measuring bobs 4 >> Special measuring bobs
Patented components - Normal force measuring unit - Cylinder cell with Peltier thermostatting unit (TEZ 150P) - Controlled Peltier upper heating (PTD 150) Physica Patented Technologies Physica Patented Technologies Cone/plate, plate/plate and solid measuring systems 1 >> High-precision thermostatting unit with a temperature range from -150 to +600 C 2 >> measuring cones and plates with diameters from 8 mm to 50 mm 2 >> 3 >> Solid torsion bar fixture, DMTA (torsion) 1 >> 3 >> 4 >> Film and fibre fixture 4 >> Special measuring systems 3 >> 1 >> Immobilization cell for examining paper coatings and suspensions 2 >> Magneto cell for examining magnetorheological liquids << 1 << 2 4 >> 3 >> UV measuring cell for examining UV sensitive materials 4 >> Construction materials cell for measuring disperse samples with
Rheology is a complex science. Rheometry is a very demanding technical field. Rheological research and industrial practice require an efficient, flexible and simple user interface. Our software package US 200 was specially developed for this task and enables simple communication between the rheometer and the user. The Physica MCR rheometers are controlled via an easy-touse, high performance software package developed for Microsoft Windows TM (95, 98, 2000, ME, NT, XP). The universal software US 200 is equipped with a comprehensive library of analysis models. By defining several user profiles, the US 200 can be adapted for both users in R&D and Quality Control. Import filters for reading data from other programs and export functions which make diagrams and tables available for other programs are included in the US 200 standard package. The US 200 software covers the whole range of tasks, from the simple control of the rheometer to the creation of professional diagrams and tables. With standardized workbooks (password protected) and automated measuring routines you can perform measurements, analyze data and document your results with a simple click of the mouse button. To create user-specific and practice-relevant measuring profiles in the measuring window of the US 200, numerous test intervals can be fitted together. The result is a profile which includes your complete measurement program. CSS and CSR standard tests, a combination of rotation and oscillation as well as demanding measurements such as multiwave tests, time/temperature shifts and the superimposition of oscillation/rotation can be carried out easily.
Applications 10 2 Car coating 1 Car coating 2 Pa The versatility of the new Physica rheometer generation enables its use in a wide variety of applications. From routine measurements in Quality Control to highly complex research applications, all ranges are covered by the MCR series. The high performance of our instruments is clear from the measuring data obtained. G' G'' 10 1 10 0 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 s 400 Time t 10 4 µnm 10 3 10 2 1 2 3 Strawberry creme (with starch) 10 2 Pa 10 1 << Fig. 1 M 10 1 10 0 10 0 G'' G' 10-1 10-1 10-2 10-3 10-2 10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 2 10 3 mrad 10 4 Deflection angle ϕ Glass transitionpoint for cross-linked polyester 10 10 Pa Multiwave Measurement 1 >> Fig. 1 A test for judging the sagging behavior of coating 10 9 materials is shown here using two spray coatings for the car industry. The test consists of three intervals and shows the impressively quick response time of the Physica MCR measuring motor. From a phase of relative rest (oscillation mode with very low deformation), the rheometer jumps rapidly to very high shear rates (rotation). After this high shear phase, the instrument returns to the deformation conditions in interval 1. The result reflects practical experience: Coating 1 regenerates its structure much quicker than Coating 2 and has less tendency to sagging. G'' G' 10 8 G'' G' 10 7 10 6 10 5 0,1 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 C 130 Temperature T Master Curve: T=170 C tan(δ) << Fig. 3 >> Fig. 2 The advantages of an extended measuring range with directly preset deformation in oscillatory tests (Direct Strain Oscillation) can be seen using the example of a strawberry creme (with starch). This new measuring method guarantees that the structure is not overloaded and prematurely destroyed. The test is therefore well suited for examining substances with a weak structure such as gels, emulsions, suspensions, lubricating grease and foams. >> Fig. 3 Dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMTA) with torsional strain can be carried out with a MCR rheometer and a CTD 600 Precision Thermo Chamber. A typical example is the determination of the glass transition point for polymers. This is achieved by determining the maximum of the loss factor tan(δ). 10-3 10-2 10-1 10 0 10 1 10 Reduced angular frequency ω a T << Fig. 4 >> Fig. 4 Often, rheological measurements on polymer melts can only be carried out in a limited frequency range. It is necessary to obtain information over a wide frequency range to comprehensively describe the material behavior of a melt. This problem can be solved by using the time/temperature superimposition (only applies to thermo-rheologically simple materials).
Our motto: We supply complete solutions, not just measuring instruments. Application laboratory After sales service New applications are constantly tested and analyzed in our application laboratory. Our comprehensive database contains suitable measuring systems and guidelines for most of our customers measuring tasks. Our application engineers develop the required know-how for special or new measuring tasks. This knowledge is available to customers when they buy a Physica rheometer. Rheometers are precise measuring instruments. We therefore recommend the regular checking and maintenance of the instruments and offer maintenance contracts at reasonable conditions. Our worldwide after sales service is undertaken by qualified engineers. Training To carry out and interpret rheological measurements it is very important to have a basic knowledge of chemistry and physics. As part of the Physica Academy, we offer you the opportunity to deepen and expand this knowledge. The Physica Academy includes basic, advanced and expert courses as well as special software seminars.
Technical specifications Technical data Unit MCR 500 MCR 300 MCR 150 MCR 100 Motor bearing type Air bearing Air bearing Ball bearing Air bearing Min. torque µnm 0.02* 0.02* 250 0.5 Max. torque (permanent) mnm 200 150 150 100 Torque resolution µnm < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.1 0.002 Normal force range N 0.01 to 50 0.01 to 50 Normal force resolution N 0.001 0.001 Axial force N 0.01 to 50 0.01 to 50 0.1 to 30 Deflection angle (can be preset) µrad 0.1* to 0.1* to 1 to 1 to Speed range (preset) 1/min 10-5 to 1200/3000** 10-5 to 1200/3000** 10-3 to 1200/3000** 10-3 to 1200/3000** Speed range (measurement) 1/min 10-7 to 1200/3000** Frequency range Hz 10-4 to 100 Angle resolution µrad < 0.01 Temperature range C -150 to +600 Dimensions (H x W x D) mm 530 x 335 x 405 Weight kg 45 Depending on the measuring geometry used, these rheometers can be used for measurements on samples with viscosities lower than water up to solids. * with DSO ** at reduced torque Measuring geometries Concentric cylinder measuring systems according to DIN 53 019/ISO 3219 Cone/plate and plate/plate measuring systems according to DIN 53 018/ISO 3219 High-shear measuring systems Special measuring systems available on request Test types Shear rate test (CSR) Oscillatory tests: Preset shear stress (τ) or deformation amplitude (γ) Shear stress test (CSS) - Amplitude sweep Creep test - Frequency sweep Normal force test - Temperature test Stress relaxation test - Time test Tack test - Multiwave test Oscillation with superimposed rotation All test types can be combined within a single test profile. Measured and/or Dynamic viscosity η Frequency f analyzed variables Complex viscosity η*, η, η Angular frequency ω Complex shear modulus G* Time t Storage modulus G Loss angle δ Loss modulus G Deflection ϕ Complex compliance J*, J, J Normal force F N Shear stress τ First normal stress difference N 1 Deformation γ First normal stress coefficient ψ 1 Loss factor tan(δ) Creep compliance J(t) Kinematic viscosity ν Relaxation modulus G(t) Temperature T Relaxation time λ Torque M Relaxation time spectrum H(λ) Speed n Retardation time spectrum L(Λ) Shear rate D, γ. Shift factors a T, b T Gap d The MCR series fulfills the requirements of the EG regulations 72/23/EWG and 93/68/EWG, concerning electrical parts used within certain current limits as well as the regulations 89/336/EWG, 91/263/EWG and 93/68/EWH, concerning electromagnetic tolerances. The following standards were completely or partly applied: Safety regulations for technical instruments Safety regulations for electrical measuring, control and laboratory instruments: EN1010-1:1993 Electromagnetic Compatibility Generic Emission Standard: EN50081-1:1992 Electromagnetic Compatibility Generic Immunity Standard: EN50082-1:1992.
Physica Messtechnik GmbH Vor dem Lauch 6 D-70567 Stuttgart Germany - Europe Tel.: +49 (0)711 72091-0 Fax: +49 (0)711 72091-30 E-mail: info@physica.anton-paar.com Web: www.physica.de Instruments for: Density and concentration measurement Rheometry and viscometry Sample preparation Colloid science X-ray structure analysis CO 2 measurement High-precision temperature measurement Subject to change without notice