What is a mare? Study Points What causes craters, especially on the Moon? What is the Moon s terminator? Explain why the Moon exhibits phases. Draw the Sun-Earth-Moon system showing the Moon s orbit (not to scale), draw Moon in 8 different positions in its orbit and shade in Earth and Moon indicating which side is lit and which is dark. Use that drawing to explain what phase you will see for each of the Moon s locations you drew. Knowing when New Moon occurs, predict about when First Quarter, Full, and Last Quarter Moons will occur. Know about how many days are in between the phases. Explain why the Sun, Moon and stars appear to rise in the east and set in the west. Explain why we have day and night using a sketch of Sun-Earth-Moon system to help. In one hour, the Moon, Sun, and stars move about how many degrees in the sky? (hint: how many degrees does the Earth rotate in 24 hours)? In one day, the Moon moves about how many degrees in the sky? (hint: about how many degrees does the Moon revolve in 30 days)? What direction does the Moon move from one night to the next? Explain? Explain why you always see the same face of the Moon.
Cycles of the Sky: Part 1 Moon
Moon Terminology Terminator line between light and dark* Craters indents caused by meteoids* Mare/Maria (mar-e-ah) dark, lowland areas* Phases Rotation (spin) Revolution (orbit) http://www.astronomy.org/starwatch/january/1-15-08-moon.jpg Moon Observation Projects: Moon Phases (starts today) Moon Craters (later Jan. 25)
Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Which direction does the Earth rotate (spin)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise?
Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Which direction does the Earth rotate (spin)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise?
Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Which direction does the Earth rotate (spin)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise? Which direction does the Earth revolve (orbit)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise?
Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Which direction does the Earth rotate (spin)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise? Which direction does the Earth revolve (orbit)? Clockwise or Counterclockwise?
Motion Everything is in motion Some motion is easy to see, some is not Earth rotates and revolves in the counterclockwise direction
Moon s Motion You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky? 1. Toward the east 2. Toward the west (Show on Starry Night)
Moon s Motion You decide to watch our moon for a few hours one night. Which way does it move in the sky? 1. Toward the east 2. Toward the west (Show on Starry Night) The Moon rises in the East and Sets in the West* Same motion as the Sun in our sky
Moon s Motion: East to West What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both
Moon s Motion: East to West What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both
Moon s Motion: East to West What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both What is moving that predominantly causes the Moon to move east to west? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Sun moves
Moon s Motion: East to West* What is moving? 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Both What is moving that predominantly causes the Moon to move east to west?* 1. Moon orbits (revolution) 2. Earth spins (rotation) 3. Sun moves
About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year
About how long does Earth take to spin (rotate) once? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year
About how long does our Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year
About how long does our Moon take to orbit (revolve) once around Earth? 1. ~1 hour 2. ~1 day 3. ~1 month 4. ~1 year
Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)? 1. Same direction that Earth spins 2. Opposite direction that Earth spins - View from space with Solar System Simulator http://sssim.com/en/index.html - Draw it You can try your own Solar System Simulator here: http://www.faustweb.net/
Which way does Moon revolve (orbit)? 1. Same direction that Earth spins = CCW 2. Opposite direction that Earth spins - View from space with Solar System Simulator http://sssim.com/en/index.html - Draw it You can try your own Solar System Simulator here: http://www.faustweb.net/
If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates? 1. Moon s motion due Earth s spin (rotation) 2. Moon s motion due to its own orbit around Earth (revolution) (Draw it)
If you watch Moon for a few hours, which motion dominates? 1. Moon s motion due Earth s spin (rotation) 2. Moon s motion due to its own orbit around Earth (revolution) (Draw it)
If you note Moon s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move 1. East to west 2. West to east If you note Moon s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move 1. East to west 2. West to east Starry Night for both
If you note Moon s position from one hour to the next, predict if it will move 1. East to west* 2. West to east If you note Moon s position from one night to the next, predict if it will move 1. East to west 2. West to east* Starry Night for both
Moon s Motion Conclusion* Minute to minute (or hour to hour) the Sun, Moon, stars appear to rise in east and set in west due to Earth s spin (rotation).* Day to day, Moon moves west to east due to Moon s orbit (revolution) around Earth*
How much do the Moon, Sun, and stars move in our sky in an hour?
How much do the Moon, Sun, and stars move in our sky in an hour? First answer: How many degrees do they move in a day?
How much do the Moon, Sun, and stars move in our sky in an hour? First answer: How many degrees do they move in a day? About 360 degrees around Earth in one day as Earth revolves
How much do the Moon, Sun, and stars move in our sky in an hour? First answer: How many degrees do they move in a day? About 360 degrees around Earth in one day as Earth revolves = 360 degrees / 24 hours = 15 degrees per hour across our sky*
How much does the Moon move each day?
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth?
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth? 360 degrees
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth? 360 degrees How long does the Moon take to revolve around Earth?
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth? 360 degrees How long does the Moon take to revolve around Earth? about 30 days
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth? 360 degrees How long does the Moon take to revolve around Earth? about 30 days So each day the Moon moves: About 12 degrees per day (~10 deg/day)*
How much does the Moon move each day? How many degrees does the Moon move as it revolves (orbits) around Earth? 360 degrees How long does the Moon take to revolve around Earth? about 30 days So each day the Moon moves: About 12 degrees per day (~10 deg/day)* Moon rises later each day; about 50 minutes later each day
Now compare the Moon s movement to the Earth s movement in 1 day. Which motion dominates? How much does the Earth move each day? How many degrees does the Earth move as it revolves (orbits) around the Sun?
Now compare the Moon s movement to the Earth s movement in 1 day How much does the Earth move each day? How many degrees does the Earth move as it revolves (orbits) around the Sun? 360 degrees
Now compare the Moon s movement to the Earth s movement in 1 day How much does the Earth move each day? How many degrees does the Earth move as it revolves (orbits) around the Sun? = 360 degrees/365 days ~= 1 deg/day
Now compare the Moon s movement to the Earth s movement in 1 day How much does the Earth move each day? How many degrees does the Earth move as it revolves (orbits) around the Sun? Earth moves about 1 degree/day And The Moon moves about 10 degrees/day Which motion dominates?
Now compare the Moon s movement to the Earth s movement in 1 day How much does the Earth move each day? How many degrees does the Earth move as it revolves (orbits) around the Sun? Earth moves about 1 degree/day And The Moon moves about 10 degrees/day Which motion dominates? The Moon (10 deg/day > 1 deg/day)* This is the reason the Moon appears to move backward in the sky from one day to the next (& rises later each day).*
Moon s Motion Conclusion* Minute to minute (or hour to hour) the Sun, Moon, stars appear to rise in east and set in west due to Earth s spin (rotation).* Day to day, Moon moves west to east due to Moon s orbit (revolution) around Earth*
8 Moon Phases* What we see from Earth New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to New Moon? New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to New Moon? ~28 days New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to Full Moon? New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to Full Moon? ~14 days New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to First Quarter? New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
8 Moon Phases* How many days from New Moon to First Quarter? ~7 days Also ~7 days between: First Quarter to Full Moon Full Moon to Last Quarter Last Quarter to New Moon New Waxing Crescent First Quarter Waxing Gibbous Full Waning Gibbous Last Quarter Waning Crescent
Moon Phases*** What we see from space Orerry with light
Moon Phases Demonstration Lamp in front of the room acts as the Sun Each student holds a Moon Try to see phases of the Moon as seen from Earth
Moon Phases* Notice the Sun Changed* Sun Orerry with light
Moon Phases Drawing/explanation of Phases and Moon location in orbit around Earth Observing Project: Moon Phases
Moon Phases Observation From Jan. 18 to Mar. 1 to complete Record phases and location of the Moon over 4 separate dates. Observe 4 different phases of the Moon. There are 8 phases of the Moon over ~28 days. Class website has more details in Moon Phases observation file. Turn in the Moon Phases Observation sheet or take a picture of it and email it to the instructor. If you email it from your school email, then you will receive your grade by email, otherwise view grade on class website.
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap011015.html http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap050623.html
http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/image/0505/lighthouse_landolfi_big.jpg
Does the Moon rotate?
Does the Moon rotate? Yes, its rotation keeps the same side of the Moon always facing Earth* = Tidal Locking* Tidal Locking video demo: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/tidal_locking Moon s libration http://antwrp.gsfc.nasa.gov/apod/ap040829.h tml
Earth s Moon
Moon Phases Survey
Top view Not to scale Five positions of Moon Moon Phases Survey Moon s Orbit E D A C Sunlight Sun Earth B NOT TO SCALE
1. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Moon s Orbit E D A C Sunlight Sun Earth B NOT TO SCALE
2. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Moon s Orbit E D A C Sunlight Sun Earth B NOT TO SCALE
3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE
4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE
5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz /index.php?mod=art&id_pag =52
6. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way? a. As Moon orbits Earth, Earth s shadow covers Moon. b. Clouds block part of Moon from our view. c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon s sunlit side.
Moon Survey Answers
1. Which position of Moon has the GREATEST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Moon s Orbit E D A C Sunlight Sun Earth B NOT TO SCALE
2. Which position of Moon has the LEAST amount of sunlight illuminating the Moon s surface? a. A b. B c. C d. D e. They all have the same amount of sunlight illuminating the surface. Moon s Orbit E D A C Sunlight Sun Earth B NOT TO SCALE
3. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE
4. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE
5. The arrow on the right points to one phase of the Moon. Which position in the drawing below corresponds to that phase? Moon s Orbit E D A Earth C Sunlight Sun B NOT TO SCALE Moon images from http://www.cstarsoas.org.nz /index.php?mod=art&id_pag =52
6. In the moon phase pictures on the right, what causes Moon to change its appearance this way? a. As Moon orbits Earth, Earth s shadow covers Moon. b. Clouds block part of Moon from our view. c. As Moon orbits Earth, we see different views of Moon s sunlit side.
Observation Projects 100+ points of observations available but only a max of 100 points will be given. Currently at 115 points but more might be added later. Earth-Sun Scaling Start: Jan. 11 Due: Jan. 23 10 points Sunset Part 1 Start Jan. 16 Due Feb. 13 10 points Moon Phases (starts today) Start Jan 18 Due Mar. 1 10 points
Homework Continue flashcards of STUDY POINTS If you haven t given me a code to use for your grades on the class website, see me. Complete D2L Quizzes 1 &2 Work on the Earth-Sun Scaling Observation due Jan. 23 Work on Sunset Part 1 Observation due Feb. 13 Work on Moon Phases Observation due Mar. 1 Lab arrive this week with the necessary materials