Year 8 Exam Revision. Theme 1 & 2 Chemistry. TBAT gain your target grade on the Year 8 exam

Year 8 Exam Revision Theme 1 & 2 Chemistry TBAT gain your target grade on the Year 8 exam

Key Questions- Chemistry Theme 1 1. Particles move faster when they have more.this happens when you increase the. 2. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement of particles in a liquid. 3. What happens to a chemical when it is being cooled and it goes below its boiling point? 4. Which of these materials would you choose to make electrical wiring copper, graphite, silver, rubber? Give two reasons for your choice. 5. Place these metals in order of reactivity from most to least platinum, tin, sodium, copper, aluminium. 6. Give a reason to explain why we do not make jewellery out of sodium. 7. Which of these combinations would NOT result in a reaction? Calcium + copper oxide Magnesium + iron sulphate Tin oxide + Copper 8. Describe what changes occur in the motion and energy of a particle in a liquid as that liquid evaporates. 9. Explain why this change is a physical change. 10. What might you expect to see if a chemical change was happening? More on next page

Key Questions 11. What name do we give to a reaction that releases heat? 12. What name do we give to a reaction that takes in heat? 13. What happens to bonds during a chemical reaction? Keyword Definition 1 Particle A Two or more atoms bonded together. 2 Atom B Each one of these has its own specific atom. 3 Molecule C A small individual piece of matter, can be an atom or a molecule. 4 Element D Can be liquid, solid, gas or aqueous. 5 Compound E An individual piece of an element. 6 State F Contains atoms of two or more different elements bonded together.

Properties of Materials Natural=. Wood,, Synthetic=. Plastics,, Describe a material using these words: hard/ soft; smooth/ rough; opaque/ translucent/ transparent.

Metals Conductor of heat and electricity, lustrous (shiny when polished or cut), malleable (can be hammered into sheets), sonorous (ring like a bell when hit), ductile (can be drawn in to wires), found in ores (rocks which contain enough metal to be worthwhile extracting).

Alloys Which is the alloy? How can you tell?

Reactivity More reactive metals can less reactive metals e.g. magnesium oxide + sodium? e.g. magnesium oxide + zinc? e.g. iron + copper sulfate?

Blast Furnace Carbon can also be used in displacement reactions (blast furnace): iron oxide (from iron ore) + carbon (from coke)? +?

Definitions Atom: Molecule: Element: Compound: Mixture:

Types of reaction: In a chemical reaction first bonds are broken and then new bonds are made. : reaction gives out more heat energy than it takes in. : reaction takes in more heat energy than it gives out.

Key Questions- Chemistry Theme 2 1. Who developed the first periodic table? 2. Where are metals found on the periodic table? 3. Where are non-metals found? 4. How are atoms arranged into groups? 5. What is another name for Group 1? 6. How do Group 1 elements react in water? 7. Write a general word equation for these reactions 8. What is the pattern of reactivity in Group 1? 9. What is the pattern of reactivity in Group 7? 10. What is Group 0 also known as? 11. Is Group 0 reactive or non-reactive? 12. Complete this general word equation: metal oxide + water? 13. Is the product acidic or alkaline? 11. Complete this general word equation: nonmetal oxide + water? 12. Is the product acidic or alkaline? 13. Complete this general word equation: metal carbonate + acid? +? +? 14. What does effervesce mean? 15. What is the ph of an acid? 16. What colour will UI turn? 17. What is the ph of an alkali? 18. What colour will UI turn? 19. What is the ph of a neutral substance? 20. What colour will UI turn?

Where will you find; Metals Non-metals Group 1 Group 7 Group 0

Groups and Periods of the Periodic Table Elements are arranged in rows and columns in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic mass. The vertical are called groups and the rows are called periods. Li, and K are in the same group while N,, F are in the same period. Elements in the same groups have the same number of electrons in their outer. For example, all the elements in have 7 electrons on their outer shells. Elements in the same groups have similar and physical properties Some groups have specific names: Group 1 elements are called Alkali, Group 2 Alkali Earth metal, Group 7 halogen, Group 0- Noble Gases. Elements in the same period have the same number of outer shells. O, Group VII, columns, horizontal, chemical, shells, Na

What is missing from Mendeleev s periodic table? gases Discovered end 19 th century Later the discovery of protons, neutrons & electrons led to the modern periodic table. We now know that the vertical groups relate to the number of electrons in the outer shell.

Summary Group 1, Group 7 & Group 0 What is the trend of reactivity for; Group 1 Group 7 Group 0 Li + H 2 O K + H 2 O Na + H 2 O

What is an oxide? Oxides are normally powders but they can be acidic or alkaline when dissolved in water Non metal oxides form acidic solution Metal oxides form alkaline solutions.

Describe the resulting ph of these reactions. Acid, alkaline or neutral? 1. Iron oxide and water 2. Carbon oxide and water 3. Zinc oxide and water 4. Nitrogen oxide and water 5. Copper oxide + water 6. Aluminium oxide + water 7. Calcium oxide + water 8. Sulfur oxide + water Challenge: Write a word equation for reaction 3.

Non-metal oxide + water makes an solution Complete these word and symbol equations Non-metal oxide + water E.g. Sulfur trioxide + water + H 2 SO 4

Metal oxide + water makes an solution Complete these word and symbol equations Metal oxide + water E.g. Magnesium oxide + water + Mg(OH) 2

ph Scale Acid Alkali 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Increasingly acid Increasingly alkali Neutral

Choose one ph number from the list to go with each of the following solutions: a) Neutral solution b) Strongly alkaline solution c) Weakly acidic solution d) Weakly alkaline solution e) Strongly acidic solution ph1 ph5 ph7 ph9 ph14 Hint: Use the ph scale to help