Prti Tst Boning n Gomtry Nm Pr This is prti - Do NOT ht yourslf of fining out wht you r pl of oing. B sur you follow th tsting onitions outlin low. DO NOT USE A CALCULATOR. You my us ONLY th lu prioi tl. Try to work t p of 1.2 min pr qustion. Tim yourslf. t is importnt tht you prti working for sp. Thn whn tim is up, ontinu working n finish s nssry. 1. Th orrt Lwis symol for groun stt for tomi ron is..... Us th Born-r igrm n th lttr prosss low, to nswr th following fiv qustions. A. Li(s) + ½2(g) Li(g) B. D. (g) + 1 C. Li(s) (g) 2. Wht pross (or its rvrs) orrspons to th ltti nrgy? 3. Wht pross (or its rvrs) orrspons to ltron ffinity? 4. Wht pross (or its rvrs) orrspons to on issoition nrgy (BDE)? 5. Wht pross (or its rvrs) orrspons to ioniztion nrgy? 6. Wht pross (or its rvrs) orrspons to ht of formtion nrgy? + E. Li + (g) + 1 8. ow mny vln ltrons r shown in th Lwis strutur of prhlort ion, O4?. 30. 31. 32. 50. 51 9. Whih of th following ons is most polr?. N. C N. S S. Br Br. O 10. Wht is th siz of th C C O on ngl in ton shown in th Lwis strutur low. 90. 109.5. 120. <120. > 120 11. Whih of th following ontins ntrl tom tht is n xption to th ott rul?. NO2. 2O. O3. C4. non of ths 7. Whih of th toms low is most likly to violt th ott rul y hving lss thn n ott?. B. P. S. B. 12. Whih of th following is th orrt Lwis strutur for SO2? (Consir forml hrg.).....
MC Prti Tst Boning & Gomtry pg 2 of 12 13. Whih on of th following moluls is polr molul?. 2. CO2. N3. C4. 2S 14. Whih of th following molulr shps hs six toms join to ntrl tom?. othrl. linr. trigonl ipyrmil. ttrhrl. plnr tringulr 15. Whih molulr shp hs on ngls whih r not ll th sm?. linr. plnr tringulr. ttrhrl. trigonl ipyrmil. othrl 16. Wht is th gomtry of th ltron omins in th molul X2. linr. plnr tringulr. ttrhrl. trigonl ipyrmil. othrl 17. Th molul Br3 hs how mny lon pirs of ltrons on th ntrl tom?. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4 18. Wht is th gomtril rrngmnt of ltron omins in 2O?. linr. trigonl ipyrmil. nt. ttrhrl. othrl 19. Wht is th shp of Br3?. squr plnr. pyrmil. T-shp. nt. istort ttrhrl 20. Wht typ of hyriiztion is ssoit with squr plnr molulr shp?. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 21. Wht is th shp of th 4 ion?. squr plnr. othrl. ttrhrl. T-shp. squr pyrmil 22. Whih of th following is polr spis?. CO2. P5. 2. T4. C4 23. Among thos list low, whih lmnt will hv th strongst tnny to form oul ons?. Br. B.. O. Mg 24. Whih hyriiztion is ssoit with 3 omins?. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 25. Th molul S4 hs how mny ltron omins on th ntrl tom?. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6
MC Prti Tst Boning & Gomtry pg 3 of 12 26. Wht is th hyriiztion of Br in Br5?. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 27. Wht shp for ltron pirs is ssoit with sp 3 hyriiztion?. linr. ttrhrl. squr plnr. othrl. trigonl plnr 28. Wht hyriiztion is prit for phosphorus in th P3 molul?. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 29. A oul on ontins sigm on(s) n pi (π) on(s).. 0, 2. 1, 2. 2, 0. 1, 1. 0, 1 30. Wht is th smllst ngl tht xists twn omins in n othrl strutur?. 78.5. 90.0. 109.5. 120.0. 180.0 31. Whih of th following lmnts is most likly to isply sp 3 hyriiztion?. oxygn. ron. nitrogn. oron. phosphorus 32. ow mny sigm (σ) n pi (π) ons r in ron ioxi molul?. four σ n zro π. two σ n four π. thr σ n two π. on σ n thr π. two σ n two π 33. Wht is th hyriiztion of th oxygn toms in C3O n CO2, rsptivly?. sp 3, sp 3. sp 2, sp 2. sp 3, sp 2. sp 3, sp. sp 2, sp 3 34. All of th following spis ontin two π-ons EXCEPT. SCN. OCS. CO. NO. 2CCO 35. ow mny unshr pir of ltrons on th ntrl tom in th molul, X2?. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5 36. Whih of th following r tru out B3? i. trigonl plnr ii. on unshr pir of ltrons on B iii. polr molul. i only. i n ii only. i n iii only. ii n iii only. i, ii, n iii 37. Consir th hmil rtion low. B3 + N3 B3N3 During this hmil rtion, th gomtry roun th oron tom hngs from. trigonl pyrmi to ttrhrl. trigonl plnr to ttrhrl. trigonl plnr to othrl. trigonl pyrmi to trigonl ipyrmil. tully its gomtry osn t hng t ll
MC Prti Tst Boning & Gomtry pg 4 of 12 38. Th mlting point of CS is highr thn tht of K. Explntions for this osrvtion inlu whih of th following?. C 2+ is mor positivly hrg thn K +.. V.. only.,, V only. n V only. n only.,,, n V S 2 is mor ngtivly hrg thn Th S 2 ion is smllr thn th ion. Th C 2+ ion is smllr thn th K + ion 39. Typs of hyriiztion xhiit y th thr C toms in propn, C3CC2, inlu whih of th following?. sp. sp 2. sp 3. only. only. n only. n only.,, n 43. n orr to xhiit loliz π oning, molul must hv. t lst two π ons. t lst two rsonn struturs. t lst thr σ ons. t lst four toms. n r oth tru 44. n ozon, O3 th forml hrg on th ntrl tom is. 0. +1. 1. +2. 2 45. Th Lwis strutur of CN shows tht hs nononing ltron pirs.. C, 1. N, 1., 1. N, 2. C, 2 40. Of th following moluls, whih hs th lrgst ipol momnt?. N3. CO2. O2. 2O. C4 41. Th molulr gomtry of S4 is. s-sw. t-shp. trigonl ipyrmil. othrl. ttrhron 42. n th molul shown with th formul A4 whih lmnt oul in th ntrl position?. S. O. X. P. t oul ithr or 46. Aoring to th VSEPR mol, th progrssiv rs in th on ngls in th sris of moluls C4, N3 n 2O is st ount for y th. inrsing strngth of ons. rsing siz of th ntrl tom. inrsing th ltrongtivity of th ntrl tom. inrsing numr of unshr pirs of ltrons. rsing rpulsion twn hyrogn toms 47. Th hyriiztion of th ron tom in mthn, C4 is. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 4. sp 3 48. Th ntrl ioin tom in 4 hs unshr ltron pirs n on ltron pirs.. 3, 2. 3, 1. 1, 3. 1, 4. 2, 4
MC Prti Tst Boning & Gomtry pg 5 of 12 or th nxt 8 qustions rfr to th following moluls. (You might fin it usful to skth strutur for h on.) (A) CO2 (B) 2O (C) C4 (D) N3 (E) Non of th moluls ov stisfy th sttmnt. 49. Th molul whos ntrl tom s ltron omins r not ttrhrl. 50. Th molul with only on oul on. 51. Th molul with th lrgst ipol momnt. 52. Th molul tht hs trigonl pyrmil gomtry. 53. Th molul with t lst on on ngl of 109.5 54. Th molul tht xhiits rsonn. 55. Th molul with t lst on pi on. 56. Th molul with no non-on ltron pirs. or nxt 7 qustions rfr to th following moluls. (You might fin it usful to skth strutur for h on.) (A) C2O (B) 2S 64. Wht is th mximum numr of oul ons tht singl ron tom n form?. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0 65. ow mny singl ovlnt ons must silion tom form to hv omplt ott of its vln ltrons?. 4. 3. 2. 1. 0 66. Th on ngls roun th toms 1, 2, n 3 in th molul low r pproximtly,, n rsptivly.. 90, 90, 90. 120, 120, 90. 120, 120, 109.5. 109.5, 120, 109.5. 109.5, 90, 120 67. Th hyriiz oritls roun th C tom mrk #2 in th strutur ov r. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 C 1 O C O 2 3 (C) C22 (D) P3 (E) Non of th moluls ov stisfy th sttmnt. 57. Th molul with oul on. 58. Th molul for whih isomrs n writtn. 59. Th molul tht hs trigonl plnr gomtry. 60. Th molul with on ngls of 107 61. Th molul tht is linr. 62. Th molul with mor thn on pi on. 63. Th molul with no non-on ltron pirs. 68. Of th following toms, whih n not ommot mor thn n ott of ltrons?. P. X. N. S. 69. or whih of th following moluls n vli Lwis strutur not rwn without violtion th ott rul?. PO4 3. Si4. C4. S4. N3
MC Prti Tst Boning & Gomtry pg 6 of 12 70. Th ltron-omin gomtry n molulr gomtry of ioin trihlori r n rsptivly.. trigonl plnr, trigonl plnr. ttrhrl, trigonl pyrmil. trigonl ipyrmil, T-shp. othrl, trigonl plnr. T-shp, trigonl plnr 71. f th ltron omin gomtry of som sulfur-ntr ompoun is trigonl ipyrmil, thn th hyriiztion of th ntrl sulfur tom must.. sp. sp 2. sp 3. sp 3. sp 3 2 72. ow mny unhyriiz p tomi oritls r on n sp hyriiz ron tom?. 0. 1. 2. 3. 4 73. Wht woul th ltron-omin gomtry of ntrl tom for whih th hyriiztion of oritls r sp?. othrl. linr. trigonl plnr. trigonl ipyrmil. ttrhrl 76. Whn ounting omins, tripl on. Shoul not ount s omin. Dpns on th gomtry s to how mny omins it shoul ount s. Shoul ount s thr omins. Shoul ount s two omins u to th 2 π ons. Shoul ount s only on omin 77. Th ltron-omin gomtry n th molulr gomtry of molul of th gnrl formul ABx will th sm if. thr r no unshr ltron pirs on th ntrl tom. thr is mor thn on ntrl tom. x is grtr thn 4. x is lss thn 4. th ott rul is oy 78. Whih of th moluls low is nonpolr?. B3. N3. 3. P3. Br3 79. Wht is th molulr gomtry of th 3O + ion?. linr. ttrhrl. nt. trigonl pyrmil. trigonl plnr 74. Th shortst X on ngl in th X4 molul woul pproximtly. 60. 90. 109.5. 120. 180 75. Whih ovlnt on is th longst. singl. oul. tripl. thy r ll th sm lngth. nonpolr
Prti Tst Boning n Gomtry r Rspons 80. Drw th Lwis strutur for ront: CO3 2.. Wht is th shp of th ltron omins roun th ntrl ron?. Wht is th shp of th ront ion?. Wht r th on ngls in ront?. Dos th ront ion xhiit rsonn? f so, rw th rsonn struturs.. Dos loliztion our? Wht os this trm mn? f. Commnt on th on lngths in ront. 81. Bon nthlpy vlus n us to lult n stimtion for rx whn th f vlus r not vill for ll th ompouns in th rtion. Us on nthlpy vlus from th k of your f tls to lult th rx for th rtion low. Do your work in th sp low. Cirl your finl nswr. B sur n ll it ppropritly. 2CN2 + 2O C2O + N3
MC Prti Tst (pg 8 of 12) ANSWERS Boning & Gomtry 1. Lwis strutur will rprsnt th vln ltrons, thus you must rliz tht C is 2s2 2p2. Th s2 ltrons will pir n p2 ltrons will in sprt oritls. 2. A Born-r igrm rprsnts hmil rtions tht work togthr. Essntilly it is fny mtho of showing ss Lw. t is us to trmin th nrgy for th rtion of sprting n ioni ompoun into its sprt ions. This is ll ltti nrgy. n th igrm shown, th rrow inits th rvrs of ltti nrgy. 3. Rmmr tht ltron ffinity is th rtion rprsnting th pross of nutrl tom tking in n ltron to prou ngtiv ion. 4. Bon issoition nrgy is th nrgy n to rk prtiulr on. 5. oniztion nrgy is th nrgy rquir to onvrt nutrl tom into positiv ion. 6. Th finition of ht of formtion is th rtion of lmnts in thir stnr form to prou on mol of hmil ompoun. 7. Boron is n nomly in tht it n prou firly stl ompouns with only thr othr toms on to it with singl ons, proviing only 6 vln ltrons roun it. 8. 7 () + 4 6 (O) + 1 (xtr ltron) = 32 9. Th furthr prt two toms r on th prioi tl, th grtr th polrity of on twn thos two toms, thus N n mt this ritri. 10. Th ntrl ron hs 3 omins ( oul on is in two ons, 4 ltrons, ut only ount s on omin). Thr omins lwys rsults in trigonl pyrmi with hs on ngls of 120º. Th pi on of th oul on (th hot og un on) ulgs rsulting in istort trigonl plnr strutur. This ulg fors th othr two ltron pirs wy, rsulting in C C O on tht is slightly lrgr tht 120º. Th C C C on woul slightly lss thn 120º. 11. An ott rul, is th rul tht sys h tom is oning with othr toms in n ttmpt to hiv th stl onfigurtion of 8 vln ltrons. Th NO2 molul n not hiv this us it hs n o numr of vln ltrons. Th lst ltrongtiv tom will om up short with only 7 vln ltrons roun it. 12. Th SO2 molul hs 26 vln ltrons, thus w n 13 lins. Strutur () n rul out us it hs only 12 vln pirs. Strutur () n rul out us th lss hlorin hs mor thn n ott, n w only vr put xpn otts on ntrl toms. Th rmining struturs ll hv forml hrg, thus w must hoos th strutur with th lowst n lst mount of forml hrg, whil pling th ngtiv forml hrg on th most ltrongtiv tom, n th positiv forml hrg on th lst ltrongtiv tom. f you o not know how to ount/pply forml hrg, pls r th k of NS.1 or sk xtr hlp. 13. Dtrmining th polrity of molul is two prt pross. irst you must stlish if thr r ny polr ons, thn you must onsir th rrngmnt of thos ons. f th polr ons r symmtrilly rrng, th polr ons will not nl out, n th molul will polr. Th highly polr N ons, togthr with th trigonl pyrmi strutur of th molul will rsult in polr molul. 14. This is mmoriz th lst strutur low hs six toms tth. 2 1 2 2 1 3 4 4 1 4 3 1 3 3 1 2 2 5 5 6 15. Rfrring to th igrm ov, you n s tht trigonl ipyrmi hs qutoril toms, 120º prt from h othr, n hs xil toms, only 90º prt from th qutoril toms. 16. irst you must th vln ltrons n thn rw Lwis strutur. Th molul hs 22 vln ltrons giv ris to th 5 omins r trigonl ipyrmi, th 3 unshr pirs whih lwys lot into th xil position mking th gomtry of th molul linr. 17. Agin, thr is no sustitut for ing l to rw orrt Lwis Strutur. Br3 hs 28 vln ltrons rsulting in th Lwis strutur shown. Th fiv ltron omins r trigonl ipyrmi. X Br
MC Prti Tst (pg 9 of 12) Boning & Gomtry ANSWERS 18. An urt Lwis strutur with 8 vln ltrons rsults in th Lwis strutur shown. our ltron omins roun th ntrl oxygn tom is ttrhron. 19. Agin, n urt Lwis strutur is ssntil. This is th sm molul s in qustion #17. Th trigonl ipyrmi st of omins with two unshr pir of ltrons on th ntrl romin tom rsults in T-shp molul. 20. 21. 22. Br Squr plnr shp molul riss from n six ltron omins whih is n othrl st of ltron omins. Six ltron omins must uilt from six oritls, thus sp32. An urt Lwis strutur rwn with 36 vln ltrons s shown, rsults in six omins roun th ntrl tom, two of whih r unshr pir. Ths two unshr pir will orint opposit to h othr, rsulting in squr shp for th molul. As outlin in th nswr to #13, trmining th polrity of molul is two prt pross. irst you must stlish if thr r ny polr ons, thn you must onsir th rrngmnt of thos ons. T Consiring th rrngmnt rquirs th rwing of urt Lwis struturs to l to look for unshr pirs roun th ntrl tom. f th polr ons r symmtrilly rrng, th polr ons will not nl out, n th molul will polr. All of ths spis hv polr ons, though only th T4 molul, whih hs fiv omins with on unshr pir is unsymmtrilly rrng in th s sw shp. C 23. Oxygn with its s2p4 ltron onfigurtion most oftn forms two ons, ithr two singl ons or on oul on. Boron is l to form 3 or 4 ons, ut rrly oul ons. luorin will NEVER form oul ons. Mgnsium mks ioni ons, n lstly romin with it s 7 vln ltrons is fr mor likly to ngg only in singl oning. 24. 25. Thr omins mns 3 oritls must hv n us to mk th hyri oritls tht go into uiling thos 3 omins, thus sp2 hyriiztion prous thos 3 omins. #26 Thr is no sustitut for writing n urt Lwis strutur. 26. Drw Lwis strutur to s th six omins whih mns six oritls must us to mk thos omins. 27. sp3 hyriiztion mns 4 oritls, thus 4 omins, thus ttrhron. 28. P3 hs 26 vln ltrons rsulting in th Lwis strutur shown. Thr r four omins, thus sp3 hyriiztion. 29. All singl ons r sigm ons. Doul ons r m of sigm n pi on. Consir th sigm n pi on in th C=C on in thn. 30. Th othrl strutur hs six omins. S th igrm to th right. 31. n orr for oritls to inlu in th hyriiztion of n tom, th tom must in th thir prio or highr, sin lmnts in th son prio o not hv th pity to hv oritls. 32. Two oul ons must 2 pi n 2 sigm ons. 33. As init y th strutur to th right, th oxygn in C3O hs four omins, initing sp3 hyriiztion, ut th thr omins roun ithr oxygn in CO2 s rwn ov, inits sp2 hyriiztion. 34. SCN hs 16 vln ltrons, OCS hs 16 vln ltrons, CO hs 10 vln ltrons, NO hs 12 vln ltrons, 2CCO hs 16 vln ltrons. Drw th Lwis struturs s shown to th right, n osrv tht only NO hs singl pi on. 35. Th X2 molul hs 22 vln ltrons, rsulting in 3 unshr pirs on th ntrl X tom with its xpn ott. #27 #25 #30
MC Prti Tst (pg 10 of 12) Boning & Gomtry ANSWERS 36. B3 is n xption to th ott rul n is molul tht n xist with only six vln ltrons, rsulting in trigonl plnr strutur. Th symmtrilly oppos B ons will rsult in nonpolr molul. t will not hv n unshr pir on th oron tom. 37. Osrv th hnging gomtry of th oron tom s it prtiipts in th Lwis i s rtion shown in th photogrphs of th mol kits. Boron strts with thr omins (trigonl plnr) n ns with four omins (ttrhrl). N : B 39. irst you must rw th molul propn. Pro mns thr ron hin, n mns oul on. Thus th molul hs th strutur shown to th right. Th ron on th lft hs four omins whih woul sp3 hyriiztion, n th ron in th mil n on th right h hv thr omins n r oth sp2 hyriiz. 40. All of th ons in ths fiv moluls r polr, this mns tht you must rw ll fiv Lwis struturs to onsir th symmtry or lk throf of h of th struturs. importnt to rw ll fiv. rom this you shoul l to noti tht in th CO2 n C4 moluls, th polr ons nl out lving thos two moluls s nonpolr. or th rmining thr moluls, th prsn of th unshr pirs on th ntrl tom mk th molul polr. Thus w n to go k to th prioi tl n onsir th ltrongtivity of th toms involv to trmin tht th O on is proly mor polr thn th O or th N ons. N Ltti nrgy is numr tht tlls us th nrgy rquir to onvrt n ioni ompoun into its iniviul gsous toms. Th lrgr th ltti nrgy, th strongr th ioni on. Th strngth of ioni ons is influn y two ftors. irst n formost, th mgnitu of th ioni hrgs, this of ours mks th C2+S2 ioni on strongr thn th K+ ioni on. urthr, th C2+ ion is smllr thn th K+ ion, sin ths two ions r isoltroni with 18 ltrons h, howvr th lium ion hs 20 protons, whil th potssium ion hs only 19 protons. 38. 41. B Th S4 molul hs 34 vln ltrons rsulting in th Lwis strutur shown. Th fiv omins on th ntrl S tom, with on of th omins s n unshr pir, rsult in s sw shp. O S C S S 42. f th molul shown hs 4 s, tht woul 28 ltrons, n in orr to n up with th unshr pir on th ntrl tom, w woul n 6 mor vln ltrons. This woul mk you think ithr S or O woul gt th jo on, howvr, sin th ntrl tom is n xpn ott, th ntrl tom must in th thir prio of th prioi tl so tht is n tom tht hs oritls. 43. Dloliz pi oning ours whn molul xhiits rsonn, n in orr to xhiit rsonn, molul must hv oul on, n l to xhiit t lst two vli rsonn struturs. Pls rmmr tht not ll struturs with oul on xhiit rsonn struturs, n somtims thr rsonn struturs n rwn. 44. irst rw n urt Lwis strutur for ozon with its 18 vln ltrons. Thn pply forml hrg. Th oxygn in th mil is ssign 5 ltrons, ompr to th 6 vln ltrons in tomi oxygn, thus it is ssign forml hrg of +1. Th oxygn on th right woul ssign forml hrg of 1. +1 1 45. Th CN molul hs 10 vln ltrons rsulting in th Lwis strutur shown to th right. Thus you n s th only nononing pirs rsi on th nitrogn tom. Rmmr tht th forml hrg will is you put nitrogn in th ntr of this molul. t is lwys goo to put ron in th mil of th moluls tht you rw, this wy th ron is unlikly to n up with unshr pirs whih ls to forml hrg. 46. Eh of ths thr moluls hv 8 vln ltrons. This hngs th numr of unshr pirs on th ntrl tom inrss. Unshr pirs of ltrons r hl in pl y only on nulus, not two, n thus tk up mor room, rsulting in grtr rpulsion on th on pirs of ltrons n istorting th ttrhron. 47. Th Lwis strutur of th mthn molul shown in th prvious prolm lrly hs four omins on th ntrl tom, rquiring thr vln oritls, rsulting in sp3 hyriiztion.
MC Prti Tst (pg 11 of 12) 48. Boning & Gomtry ANSWERS Th ion hs 36 vln ltrons, rsulting in 18 pirs. Th orrt Lwis strutur is shown to th right. 49. or #49 56, it woul st to rw th Lwis struturs for ll four moluls. hv shown thm to th right. CO2 hs on two omins on th ntrl tom rsulting in linr shp, not ttrhrl. 50. Sin CO2 hs two oul ons, n non of th rmining 3 hv no oul ons, thus you must hoos () non of th ov. 51. Th molul with th lrgst ipol momnt is th sm s th most polr. CO2 hs polr ons, ut is linr n is thus nonpolr. C4 is nonpolr sin its ons r ssntilly nonpolrs, n it hs symmtril shp nywy. f N3 n 2O, th O ons r mor polr thn th N ons, rsulting in mor polr molul. 52. Th four omins with on unshr pir in th N3 molul mk it trigonl pyrmi in shp. 53. Rmmr tht th unshr pirs on 2O n N3 us th ttrhrl st of omins to istort. Thus on unshr pir of ltrons in th N3 molul uss th N on to 107º n th two pir of non-on ltrons in th wtr molul us th O on to 105º. Th O=C=O on in linr CO2 is oviously 180º, thus th C4 molul is th on in whih th C on is 109.5º 54. Non of ths moluls xhiit rsonn. Only th CO2 hs oul ons, ut no othr strutur in whih th oul on hv n shift n writtn. You oul onivl rw CO2 strutur with tripl n singl on, howvr, thr woul forml hrg on this molul n thus mking it not vli, sin thr is no forml hrg on th oul on CO2 molul. 55. Rmmr tht vry oul on is m of on sigm n on pi on, thus th CO2 molul hs two sigm n two pi ons. 56. Whil th CO2 molul hs no non-on pirs on th ntrl tom, it os hv non-on pirs on th oxygn toms. Only th C4 molul hs no non-on pirs on ny of its toms. 57. or #57 63, it woul st to rw th Lwis struturs for ll four moluls. hv shown thm to th right. Only formlhy, C2O hs oul on. 58. No isomrs n rwn for ny of ths simpl moluls. 59. Thr omins prou trigonl plnr gomtry. This hppns roun th ntrl ron in th C2O molul. 60. Th on unshr pir of ltrons in th P3 molul uss th ttrhron of omins roun th nitrogn to istort, rsulting in th th P on to 107º. 61. Ethyn, C22, with it s tripl on, hs linr gomtry roun oth ron toms. 62. Th tripl on in thyn, C22, is m of on sigm on n two pi ons. 63. As you n s it is thyn, C22, whih hs no non-on pirs of ltrons. 64. As in th ron ioxi molul, th ron oul form two oul ons. 65. Silion (lik ron) with it s four vln ltrons n onnt with four singl ons to omplt its ott. 66. n th strutur shown, ron 1 hs four omins, on ngl 109.5º, ron 2 hs thr omins, on ngl of 120º, n oxygn 3 hs four omins, with two of th pirs r unshr, rsulting in on ngl of ~109.5º (105º). 67. Thr omins will lwys sp2 hyriiztion. 68. Atoms in th first or son prio, without ny oritls, n not ommot n xpn ott. 69. Th S4 molul hs 34 vln ltrons, n must rwn with n xpn ott on th ntrl S tom. 70. Agin, thr is no sustitut for rwing Lwis strutur for this molul tht hs 28 vln ltrons. Rmmr tht th unshr pirs in trigonl ipyrmi st of omins lwys r in th qutoril position. sp3 71. Trigonl ipyrmi is fiv omins, whih must hyriiztion. 72. f you hv n sp hyriiz ron tom, th rmining 2 p oritls must unhyriiz. 73. sp hyriiztion is lwys linr in shp. 74. Drw Lwis strutur to s th X ntrl tom hs n othrl st of omins whih will rsult in 90º ngls. S
MC Prti Tst (pg 12 of 12) Boning & Gomtry ANSWERS 75. or ons m of th sm two toms, C C, C=C, n C C, th singl on will longst. Th oul ons r shortr us th unhyriiz p oritls must losr togthr for thm to ovrlp n mk th on. 76. A omin is n ltron group orint in th sm gnrl irtion, thus singl omin n singl on, oul on (on omin), tripl on (on omin), or non-on pir. 77. No unshr pirs on th ntrl tom mn tht omin gomtry n molulr gomtry r th sm. 78. Non-polrity will rsult if th polr ons in th molul ll of th ons in th list moluls r polr rrng in non-symmtril rrngmnt. No unshr pirs of ltrons on th ntrl tom will l to non-symmtril rrngmnt. Only th B3 molul hs symmtril trigonl plnr rrngmnt. P 79. Drw Lwis strutur to s tht thr is ttrhron of omins roun th ntrl oxygn tom. 80. Th ront ion hs thr rsonn struturs.. trigonl plnr. trigonl plnr sin thr r no unshr pirs on th ntrl ron.. Thr omins r lwys 120º. ys, th oul on n in ny of th thr possil lotions. ys, th ltrons r lolizs ross ll thr ons. f. th on lngths will ll th sm, somwhr twn singl n oul lngth (losr to singl) 81. = 40 kj Drwing th Lwis struturs will show on invntory will show Bons rking: 1 C=N (615), 2 C (413), 1 N (391), 2 O (463) Bons forming: 1 C O (799), 2 C (413), 3 N (391) Not tht you n nl out 1 N n 2 C from rking n forming for th nt rsult of 40 kj