Supplemental Figure 1. Mating pair of Poecilographa decora. Photo by Steve Marshall, Professor and Collection Director, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
Supplemental Figure 2. Euthycera cribrata, head, first-instar larva (Vala et al. 1983/SB1475) (SB number refers to ScioBiblio http://www.sciomyzidae.info/downloads.php?cat_id=1&download_id=1)
Supplemental Figure 3. Pattern of host/prey diversification in the biologically known genera of Sciomyzidae and Phaeomyiidae (from 67) Genera of Sciomyzidae as they appear in cladogram of Barker et al. (7) are linked with a cladogram of known and potential molluscan hosts/prey (Diplopoda and Oligochaeta added here). The molluscan cladogram includes only those families with representatives in habitats that are or potentially could be used by Sciomyzidae. Stylommatophora is shown as a single terminal, but it includes 71-92 families (most not attacked by Sciomyzidae). E, estuarine waters; F, freshwater; I-B, inland brackish waters; M, marine littoral waters; T, terrestrial.
Supplemental Figure 4. Seasonal occurrence in North Temperate Zone of stages in life cycles of Phenological Groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5a, and 5b (from 67)
Supplemental Figure 5. Phenological groups of Sciomyzidae with addition of Group 5b (from 67) Phenological groups of Sciomyzidae with addition of Group 5b. Star, approximate time when first eggs are laid; arrow, main emergence of adults
Supplemental Figure 6. Influence of prey species and both prey and larval density on the duration of, and prey eaten during, third-instar stage of Sepedon sphegea (from 44) Interpretation: Graph A: Duration of the third-instar stage decreases as the numbers of snails added increases, but this relationship is species-specific with respect to the prey species used (e.g., when prey availability was limited to five individuals, larval duration was shortest for Physella acuta, but for 35 snails the duration was shortest for Stagnicola palustris). Graph B: As larval density increases, duration of the third-instar stage generally decreases.
Supplemental Figure 7. Influence of starvation (48 h) of newly hatched larvae on the duration of the larval stage under varying densities of larvae for Sepedon sphegea (from 44) solid lines = starved larvae dotted lines = larvae fed immediately after emerging Interpretation: Starving neonate larvae for 48 hr prior to feeding increased the duration of first-, second-, and third-instar stages at all larval densities.
Supplemental Figure 8. Effect of starvation (24 and 48 h) of newly hatched larvae on percentage survival of second- and third-instar larvae, pupae, and adults under varying larval densities of larvae for Sepedon sphegea (from 44) P = predator density/m 2. Interpretation: Regardless of the duration of starvation, the percentage survival of immature stadia and subsequently emerged adults was greater at lower than at higher larval densities. In addition, when neonates were starved for 48 hr before feeding, percentage survival was lower for all subsequent stages than for larvae that were starved for only 24 hr before feeding.
Supplemental Figure 9. Trail-following behavior in neonate larvae of Sepedon spinipes and Dictya montana (from 86) Interpretation: When fresh snail mucus was used to paint trails onto filter paper Y-mazes (saturated with deionized water), 80% and 87% of naive neonate larvae of Dictya montana (Nearctic) and Sepedon spinipes (Palearctic) respectively (Figure A) followed the trails to the end (strong response). However, when trails were aged for 45 minutes, none of the larvae displayed a strong response (Figure B). The vast majority of neonates followed the trail for a short distance but deviated from it before reaching the end (weak response). This suggests that larvae of certain aquatic sciomyzid species may be able to forage for prey in semi-aquatic (e.g., shoreline) areas. This hypothesis is supported by field evidence presented in Lindsay et al. 2011 (2009) (SB795a) and Barraclough (1983) (SB62).
Supplemental Figure 10. Effects of density of prey and third-instar larvae of Sepedon sphegea on number of Radix balthica eaten per day (from 44) Interpretation: The results clearly show that predation rate increases with increases in both larval and snail densities.
Supplemental Figure 11. Influence of vegetation on functional response of Sepedon sphegea (from 50) Broken red line: second instar larvae in the absence of plants Broken blue line: second instar larvae in the presence of plants Solid red line: third instar larvae in the absence of plants Broken red line: third instar larvae in the presence of plants Interpretation: Both second and third instars consume more prey in the presence of plants. This is probably because the vegetation facilitates snail aggregation. In addition, when plant material is present, predation by second instars tends towards an asymptote while that for third instars does not (i.e. this indicates that this phenomenon is instar-dependent.)
Supplemental Figure 12. Variation in body length of adult Sepedon sphegea as a function of intraspecific competition among larvae (from 44) Interpretation: As prey density increases for larvae, the resulting body length of adults decreases.
Supplemental Figure 13. World distribution of schistosomiasis as of 2012 (source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC Health Information for International Travel 2012. New York: Oxford University Press)