YDROARBON OMPOUNDS hapter Quiz lassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT. 1. ydrocarbons are unsaturated. 22.2 2. The IUPA name for 3(2)33 is butane. 22.1 3. When naming branched-chain alkanes, the rule is to list the names of the alkyl substituents in order of their placement in the molecule. 22.1 4. ompounds that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are joined in a different order are called structural isomers. 22.3 5. ydrocarbons are organic compounds that contain hydrogen, carbon, and oxygen. 22.1 6. A benzene ring is represented as a pentagon. 22.4 7. A benzene ring contains 6 carbon atoms and 12 hydrogen atoms. 22.4 8. racking is a controlled process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller, more useful molecules. 22.5 9. oal is more than 80 percent carbon. 22.5 10. Methylbenzene is the IUPA name for toluene. 22.4 2 11. Name this compound: 22.
12. Draw the structural formula for 1,2,4-triphenylpentane. 22.4 YDROARBON OMPOUNDS hapter Test A A. Matching Match each term in olumn B with the correct description in olumn A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line. olumn A 1. a group of compounds in which there is a constant increment of change in molecular structure from one compound to the next 2. any organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen 3. hydrocarbon that contains only single covalent bonds 4. a method of naming organic compounds 5. a hydrocarbon with an unsaturated ring
6. a process by which hydrocarbons are broken down or rearranged into smaller molecules olumn B 7. compounds that have the same molecular formula but different molecular structures a. alkane 8. organic compound containing a carbon-carbon triple bond b. alkene 9. organic compound that contains double or triple carbon-carbon bonds c. cracking 10. organic compound containing a carbon-carbon double bond d. arene e. alkyne f. isomers g. homologous series h. IUPA system i. hydrocarbon j. unsaturated compound B. Multiple hoice hoose the best answer and write its letter on the line. 11. Which of the following has the highest carbon content? a. bituminous coal c. anthracite
b. lignite d. peat 12. A saturated straight-chain hydrocarbon with seven carbons is a. hexane. c. heptane. b. octane. d. hexene. 13. Structural isomers have a. the same molecular formula. b. the same physical and chemical properties. c. the same order of atoms. d. all of the above 14. The condensed structural formula for 2,2,3 trimethylbutane is a. 32(3)(3)3. c. 3(3)2(3)3. b. 3(3)2(3)2. d. 3(3)(3)2. 15. What is the IUPA name for the following? a. 2-ethyl-2,4,5-trimethylpentane b. 2-ethyl-2,4-dimethylhexane c. 3,5,5-trimethylheptane d. 3,3,5-trimethylheptane 16. Which of the following structures does not represent an alkene? a. 3 2 c. b. d. 17. ydrocarbons with low molar masses are generally
a. soluble in water. c. gases or low-boiling liquids. b. extremely reactive chemically. d. all of the above 18. The name of an alkyl group that contains three carbon atoms is a. diphenyl. c. trimethyl. b. ethyl. d. propyl. 19. Name this compound. 32(3)3 a. 2,2 dimethylbutane c. 1,1,1,2 tetramethylpropane b. tetramethylpropane d. isoheptane 20. A structural isomer of pentane is a. 2,2, dimethylpropane. c. benzene. b. cyclopentane. d. 2-methylpentane. 21. The carbon-carbon bonds in alkanes are a. double bonds. c. free to rotate. b. quite polar. d. none of the above 22. An organic compound that contains only carbon and hydrogen and a single triple bond is classified as an a. alkane. c. alkyne. b. alkene. d. arene. 23. All of the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons except a. 3 octene. c. cyclohexyne. b. butane. d. ethene.. Problems Solve the following problems in the space provided. 24. Give the correct IUPA name for the following compound:
25. Draw the two structural isomers of butane. 26. Draw the correct structural formula for: 4 ethyl 2,6 dimethyl 2 heptene. 27. Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of liquid hexane. D. Essay Write a short essay for the following. 28. Given the name of an alkane, tell how you can reconstruct its structural formula, according to IUPA rules. E. Additional Problems Solve the following problems in the space provided. Show your work. 29. Identify the asymmetric carbon in this compound by number. l l 1 2 3 4 l 30. Draw the geometric isomers of 4 methyl 2 hexene.
F. True-False lassify each of the statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT. 31. Stereoisomers are molecules with the same molecular structure that differ only in the arrangement of the atoms in space. 32. In the cis configuration, the substituted groups are on the same side of the double bond. 33. Geometric isomers differ only in the orientation of groups around a double bond. 34. An asymmetric carbon is a carbon atom to which three different groups are attached. YDROARBON OMPOUNDS hapter Test B A. Matching Match each term in olumn B with the correct description in olumn A. Write the letter of the correct term on the line. olumn A 1. organic compounds containing carbon-carbon double bonds 2. pairs of molecules that differ only in the way four different groups are arranged around a central carbon atom 3. hydrocarbons that contain only single covalent bonds 4. isomers that differ only in the orientation of groups around a double bond
5. compounds that have the same molecular formula but the atoms are joined in a different order olumn B 6. organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen a. hydrocarbons 7. compounds that contain a carbon ring b. alkenes 8. a group of compounds in which a constant increment of change in molecular structure occurs from one compound in the series to the next c. homologous series 9. organic compounds containing carbon-carbon triple bonds d. cyclic hydrocarbons 10. organic compounds that contain double or triple carboncarbon bonds e. unsaturated compounds f. alkanes g. geometric isomers h. structural isomers i. optical isomers j. alkynes B. Multiple hoice hoose the best answer and write its letter on the line. 11. Which of the following is true concerning methane? a. It is a gas at standard temperature and pressure.
b. It consists of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. c. It is the major component of natural gas. d. all of the above 12. The increment of change in the homologous series of straight-chain alkanes is a.. c. 2. b.. d. 3. 13. The chemical formula for hexane is a. 512. c. 716. b. 614. d. 818. 14. What is the hydrocarbon represented by the following structural formula? 3 2 2 2 3 a. butane c. hexane b. pentane d. heptane 15. What is the IUPA name for the following hydrocarbon? a. 4 ethyl 1,3,5 trimethylheptane b. 3,5 dimethyl 4 ethyloctane c. 5 ethyl 3,5 dimethyloctane d. 3,5,7 trimethyl 4 ethylheptane 16. Which of the following is true about the alkanes? a. They are polar molecules. b. They tend to exist as solids at room temperature. c. They dissolve in water. d. They contain only single covalent bonds.
17. Which of the following is a structural isomer of hexane? a. 2,3 dimethylpentane b. 2,2 dimethylbutane c. 3 methylhexane d. 3 ethyl 3 methylpentane 18. Which of the following is true about the alkenes? a. They contain carbon carbon double bonds. b. They are unsaturated compounds. c. They can form cis, trans isomers. d. all of the above 19. The name of the alkyl group that contains four carbon atoms is: a. methyl. c. propyl. b. ethyl. d. butyl. 20. What is the IUPA name for the following compound? a. 2,3 dimethyl 3 ethyl 4 heptene b. 5,6 dimethyl 5 ethyl 3 heptene c. 3 ethyl 2,3 dimethyl 4 heptene d. 5 ethyl 5,6 dimethyl 3 heptene 21. Which of the following is true about the alkynes? a. They contain both carbon carbon double and triple bonds. b. They are unsaturated compounds. c. They are plentiful in nature. d. all of the above
22. Which of the following is the formula for butyne? a. 410 c. 46 b. 48 d. 44 23. In the trans configuration of geometric isomers, the substituted groups a. have the same number of carbon atoms. b. have different numbers of carbon atoms. c. are on opposite sides of the double bond. d. are on the same side of the double bond. 24. An asymmetric carbon atom is one a. that forms a double bond. b. that forms a triple bond. c. that has four like groups attached. d. that has four different groups attached. 25. The saturated hydrocarbon among the following is a. 2 methylhexane. c. 2 butyne. b. 2 pentene. d. acetylene. 26. Among the following, which is the compound with the asymmetric carbon atom? a. 323 c. O b. 3223 d. O 27. Which of the following is true about benzene? a. It is an aliphatic compound. b. Its formula is 66. c. Its carbon atoms form single bonds. d. all of the above 28. ard coal is known as:
a. peat. c. bituminous. b. lignite. d. anthracite.. True-False lassify each of these statements as always true, AT; sometimes true, ST; or never true, NT. 29. Organic compounds that contain only carbon and hydrogen are called hydrocarbons. 30. arbon atoms always form four covalent bonds. 31. As the number of carbon atoms in straight-chain alkanes increases, the boiling and melting points of these alkanes decrease. 32. An alkyl group is an alkane with a hydrogen removed. 33. The expression like dissolves like is a good rule of thumb in predicting whether one substance will dissolve in another. 34. The common name of ethyne is acetylene. 35. Geometric isomers can form when each carbon atom of a double bond has at least one substituent. 36. Optical isomers can be considered mirror images, which can be superimposed. 37. Aliphatic compounds contain rings. 38. Gasoline is obtained through the cracking of long-chain hydrocarbons. D. Problems Solve the following problems in the space provided. 39. Draw condensed structural formulas for each of the following compounds with the bonds understood. a. 2,3 dimethylpentane
b. 4 ethyl 2,3 dimethyl 2 hexene c. 5,5 diethyl 4,6,7 trimethyl 2 octyne 40. Name each of the following according to the IUPA system. a. b. c. 41. Draw and name all the structural isomers of pentane.
42. Draw and name all the geometric isomers of 2 butene. E. Essay Write a short essay for the following. 43. Provide a chemical formula, draw the structural formula, and name one straight-chain isomer of a six-carbon hydrocarbon that is a. an alkane. b. an alkene. c. an alkyne. Explain the reason for the variation in the number of hydrogen atoms in each of these compounds. F. Additional Problems Solve the following problems in the space provided. 44. Select the asymmetric carbon atom in this compound and give a reason for your choice. 1 2 3 4 5 6 45. Give the IUPA name for each of the following compounds.
a. b. YDROARBON OMPOUNDS Practice Problems In your notebook, solve the following problems. SETION 22.1 YDROARBONS 1. Name this hydrocarbon, according to the IUPA system. 2. Name this hydrocarbon, according to the IUPA system. 3. Write the structural formula for each of the following compounds. a. 3-ethyl-2,3-dimethylpentane
b. 3,4-diethylhexane c. 2,3,4,5-tetramethylnonane 4. Draw condensed structural formulas for the straight-chain alkanes with seven and eight carbons. 5. ow many single bonds are in a hexane molecule? SETION 22.2 UNSATURATED YDROARBONS 1. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system. 2. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system. 3. Name and draw all of the alkynes with the molecular formula 58. 4. Write structural formulas for the following hydrocarbons. a. 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexene b. 4-methyl-1-pentene c. 3,3-dimethyl-1-butyne SETION 22.3 ISOMERS 1. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system. 2. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system.
3. Write the structural formula for trans 2 heptene. 4. Which of the following can exist as cis, trans isomers? a. 2-butene b. 1-butene c. 2-methyl-2-butene d. 3-hexene 5. Identify the asymmetric carbon in the following compound. 5 4 3 2 1 6. Which of the following compounds have an asymmetric carbon? a. O b. c. F O SETION 22.4 YDROARBON RINGS 1. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system. 2. Name this compound, according to the IUPA system. 3. Write structural formulas for the following compounds. a. 1,3-dimethylcyclohexane b. cis-1,2-diphenylethene
c. 1,4-diethylbenzene SETION 22.5 YDROARBONS FROM EART S RUST 1. Write a balanced equation for the complete combustion of 2-methylheptane. 2. Describe three types of fuels obtained by refining petroleum.