ES - Astronomy Part 2 Post-Test True/False Indicate whether the statement is true or false. 1. Compared to the human eye, telescopes can collect light over longer periods of time. 2. The inner planets have greater densities than the outer planets. 3. The shaded area of the graph shows the percentage of the total planetary matter in the solar system that is part of Earth s mass. 4. The density of gas in coronal holes is greater than the density of the entire corona. 5. The state of matter found in the Sun s interior is plasma. Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. 1. At the time indicated in this diagram, what season is it in the southern hemisphere? a. spring c. fall b. summer d. winter
2. What occurs when the Moon is at positions A and C on the following illustration? a. lunar eclipse c. neap tide b. spring tide d. solar eclipse 3. The sequential changes in the appearance of the Moon are called. a. lunar eclipses c. lunar tides b. lunar phases d. lunar positions 4. A lunar eclipse occurs when the Moon passes through Earth's. a. atmosphere c. shadow b. orbit d. umbra 5. People who see a partial solar eclipse are located in the portion of the Moon's shadow. a. umbra c. apogee b. perigee d. penumbra 6. What force draws the matter in an interstellar cloud together to form a star? a. electric c. magnetism b. gravity d. friction 7. Which of the following correctly orders planets by decreasing day length? a. Venus, Earth, Jupiter c. Jupiter, Earth, Venus b. Earth, Jupiter, Venus d. Venus, Jupiter, Earth 8. What is the main reason why the surface of Venus is so hot? a. the large number of volcanoes on Venus b. the very efficient greenhouse effect on Venus c. the extremely fast rotation of Venus d. the great amount of water on Venus 9. Which of the following is one of the characteristics an object MUST have to be classified as a dwarf planet by the IAU? a. a solid surface c. a spherical shape b. at least one moon d. a head and at least one tail
10. A which labeled interval of its orbit would the planet move with the greatest velocity? a. A c. C b. B d. D 11. Small, icy bodies that have highly eccentric orbits and can be found in the Oort cloud or the Kuiper belt are called. a. meteors c. asteroids b. comets d. meteorites 12. What two gas giants appear blue because of the methane in their atmosphere? a. Jupiter and Saturn c. Neptune and Uranus b. Saturn and Uranus d. Jupiter and Neptune 13. Which line on the graph best represents the way in which the number of sunspots changes over time? a. A c. C b. B d. D
14. Which planet has composition and density most similar to the Sun? a. Saturn c. Mercury b. Mars d. Venus 15. The line on this graph best describes the relationship between. a. the temperature of a star and its luminosity b. the temperature of a star and its distance from Earth c. the temperature of a star and its composition d. the temperature of a star and its location in the universe 16. The timeline shows the sequence of events that occurs during the formation of a star. What is the correct label for the blank in the diagram? a. nuclear fusion begins c. gravity ceases to act b. internal temperature drops d. rotation begins 17. A scientist using parallax to determine the distance to a star will notice the greatest shift in a star s apparent position when measured. a. at 6-month intervals c. at the midpoint of the star s rotation b. during Earth s coldest weather d. at the peak of the star s blueshift 18. What causes the dark bands observed in a solar spectrum? a. the emission of specific elements b. different chemical elements which absorb light at specific wavelengths c. highly compressed, glowing gas d. warmer gas in front of a source that emits a continuous spectrum 19. The apparent shift in a star s position caused by the motion of the observer is called. a. luminosity c. absolute magnitude b. apparent magnitude d. parallax
20. The of a star determines its temperature, luminosity, and diameter. a. mass c. energy output b. composition d. density Matching Match each item with the correct phrase below. a. electromagnetic radiation j. Foucault pendulum b. refracting telescope k. ecliptic c. reflecting telescope l. vernal equinox d. interferometry m. synchronous rotation e. spinoffs n. solar eclipse f. maria o. umbra g. ejecta p. penumbra h. rilles q. lunar eclipse i. regolith 1. Material blasted out of impact craters that falls back to the surface 2. The Moon's state, in which its rotational and orbital periods are equal 3. Telescope that uses mirrors to bring visible light to a focus 4. Occurs when the Moon passes through Earth s shadow Match each item with the correct statement below. a. meteor d. comet b. interstellar cloud e. 1 astronomical unit c. belt f. precession 5. Cloud of gas and dust from which stars and planets are formed