Science Chapter 6: Matter Study Guide Lesson One: Properties of Matter A property is a characteristic of an object. You can identify properties of matter using your senses. Color, Size, Shape, Texture, Odor, Taste Some properties of matter are measureable. Mass, Weight, Volume, and Density Mass: the amount of matter that makes up an object Weight: The measure of the force of the pull of gravity Volume: The amount of space that matter takes up. Density: The property that compares an object s mass to its volume. Finally, we can test Magnetism. Lesson Two: How is Matter measured? Mass is the measure of the amount of matter that makes up an object. We can use a pan balance to measure mass. Law of Conservation of Mass states that the parts of an object have the same total mass as the whole object.
Mass of an object is always the same unless you add or take mass away. Volume: the amount of space that matter takes up. Measure volume by: 1. Measure and multiply the length x width x height. Make sure that you label your answer in cubic units. 2. Use a graduated cylinder to measure liquid volume. We can use a graduated cylinder to measure the volume of an irregular solid. We can measure the volume of a liquid, then place the car in the cylinder and record the water level change. The change is the volume of the car. There are two systems of measurement. There is the U.S. System of measurement and the metric system. Lesson Three: What are the Phases of Matter There are three phases of matter: solid, liquid, gas Solids: Matter that has a definite shape and takes up a definite amount of space. Particles closely packed together. Solid water is called ice. Liquids: Matter that takes the shape of its container. Matter that does not have a definite shape, but does take up a definite amount of space. Gases:
A gas fills the container that it is in. A gas takes the shape of its container. Particles are spread apart and move in all directions. Water in a gas state is called water vapor. Energy can cause particles of matter to change phase. Adding energy can cause particles to move apart and speed up, while taking energy away causes particles to slow down and move closer together. Phase changes are examples of physical change. Melting Point: the temp at which a substance changes from a solid to a liquid. This temp is the same at which it freezes or changes from a liquid to a solid. Boiling Point: the temp at which a substance changes from a liquid to a gas. This temp is the same at which a gas changes back to a liquid. Lesson 4: What are Mixtures? Mixture: a combination of two or more substances. These substances can be separated. This means they are not chemically combined. We can separate mixtures through: Magnetism, filtration, evaporation, and condensation. Solutions are when one or more substances are dissolved in another substance. Solute: the substance that is dissolved. Solvent: the substance that takes in or dissolves the solute.
Solubility is the ability of one substance to be dissolved in another. Lesson Five: How does matter change? Physical Change: A change in the size, shape, or state of matter. Breaking a pencil, tearing a sheet of paper, mixing nuts and raisins are all physical changes. Chemical Change: A change that produces a completely different kind of matter. Particles of one or more substances are changed in some way to form particles of new substances with different properties. Rust, decay, and wood burning are examples of chemical change. You can see evidence of chemical change with bubbles, in color or texture change or with smells. Many chemical changes give off energy. Vocabulary: Boiling point Mass Evaporation Density Condensation Melting point Filtration Chemical change Phase of matter Property Volume Mixture Physical change