Worl Journl of Diry & Foo Sienes 13 (2): 57-62, 2018 ISSN 1817-308X IDOSI Pulitions, 2018 DOI: 10.5829/iosi.wjfs.2018.57.62 Ieplnt s Antioxint/ Antiner n Funtionl Foo Rowi, Y. Ess n E.M. Elseie Deprtment of Foo Tehnology, Fulty of Agriulturl, Kfrelsheikh University, P. B. 33516, Kfrelsheikh, Egypt Astrt: In This stuy the first trget is to stuy the phenoli ontent, ntioxint n ntiner tivities of ieplnt phenolis extrt, where the seon one is to inorporte of ieplnt power in ookies y sustituting 2, 4 n 6% of whet flour. Physil hrteristis n sensory evlution were lso stuie. HPLC nlysis of ieplnt power methnoli extrt resulte in the ientifition of 23 phenoli ompouns, where tehin, pyrogllol n tehol were the highest three ompouns mong the phenoli ompouns (41.15, 7.30 n 6.59%, respetively). Moreover, the tivity of this extrt ginst MCF7-1(renogeni ells of humn rest) ws higher thn those of H1299 (renogeni ells of humn lung) where their vlues were (IC50 vlues of 38.3 µg/ml n 22.1µg/ml, for the two previous types of ells respetively).also, the results stte tht with inresing ing ieplnt power from 0 (ontrol) to 6% there ws n inrement in totl phenols, flvonois n ntioxint tivity. Moreover, ookies integrte with ieplnt power hve lower spre ftor, loss rte, levening rtion n L vlue (lightness) thn ontrol. Generlly, ing ieplnt power to ookies up to 6% ws eptle. Key wors: Ieplnt Antiner Antioxint tivity Cookies Mesemrynthemum rystllinum INTRODUCTION investigtions stte tht onsuming iets rih with polyphenols use prevention of severl pthologil Cner is efine s group of iseses ientifie iseses, for instne, ner n oronry iseses [6]. vi the norml ells spre ue to unontrolle growth It is elieve tht ietry ntioxint help in s result to externl environmentl gents (rition, enhning ellulr immunity n protet ellulr infetious miroes n hemils) or internl gents omponents from oxitive mge [7]. Antioxints (hormones, muttions n immunity vritions) [1]. iologil tivities re highly ffete y the ntioxints In 2011, Aout 15.8 million persons were ptient with intertions (ntgonism, itive effets n synergism), ner roun the worl n ner use in mortl of there is little numer of investigtions in onnetion 9.6 million persons in the sme yer [2]. The highest with this topi in the whole foo s omplite system wiespre types of ners were Lung (12.7%) n [8]. In ition, ntioxints iologil hrteristis my rest (10.9%) [3]. e epenent on its iologil essiility (relese rte Inresing eviene supports the hypothesis tht from the mtrix of foo uring the proess of igestion) mny meiinl hers n phytohemils provie n my qulittively n quntittively vrie thn hemil protetion ginst rinogeni n mutgeni those otine within the hemil extrtions pplie in hemil sustnes. The previous stuies revele tht most investigtes [9]. Thene, to stuy foo onstituents there is reltion etween ntiner tivity n relese, the struturl hnges n igestiility, moel ntioxint pity (svenging tivity n for in vitro igestion is wiely utilize. moultions of enzymti ntioxints efense) [4]. Mesemrynthemum rystllinum elongs to the Polyphenols whih, onsiere the lrgest of fmily of Aizoee whih is the gretest spre plnty seonry metolites group in fruits n vegetles, fmilies into Afri, is one of the most importnt wil show importnt ntillergi, nti-inflmmtory n hlophytes lote on the northern ost of Egypt [10]. ntiner tivities [5]. The epiemiologil There re trihomes nme epierm ler ells overe Corresponing Author: Rowi, Y. Ess, Deprtment of Foo Tehnology, Fulty of Agriulturl, Kfrelsheikh University, P. B. 33516, Kfrelsheikh, Egypt. 57
Worl J. Diry & Foo Si., 13 (2): 57-62, 2018 the plnt surfe n these ells re reflete with its Methos populr nmes: iile plnt or rystlline ieplnt [11]. Smple Preprtion: Ieplnt power were prepre The ieplnt grows in thik stems tht spre horizontlly oring to Itissem et l. [19] s follow: ieplnt on the groun n the stems n leves hve suulent smples were wshe with istille wter, the exess pperne [12]. It hs yellow or green olor t the wter ws remove y white loth, left in open ir for 7 eginning of the growth n eomes ornge olor with ys in the rk n then oven rie for 2 h t 60 C. ge. Its flowers look like se nemones with olure rnge from yellow to purple n t the mturity stge it Extrtion of Ieplnt Power: Ieplnt power gve fruits similr to figs with imeter of 3-4 m [13]. methnoli extrt ws prepre oring to Gur et l. Mesemrynthemum is use s meiinl plnt n [20] 5 grm of the fine ieplnt power ws mixe with 100 funtionl foo whih ontins lot of iologil n ml of methnol (70%) for 24 hr t room temperture, helth promotion omponents. It hs een known for its filtere, evporte uner vuum, then it ws store t high ontent of iotive omponents suh s tehin, 4 C until nlysis. tehol, flvonois (neohesperiin, rutin, hyperosie) n feruli i [14]. It is known for the presene of Ientifition of Phenoli Ais: For HPLC nlysis, one ntioxints enzymes suh s tlse, superoxie grm of the ieplnt power ws mixe with iifie ismutse n sorte peroxise [15]. Aitionlly, methnol (10 ml)for 4 min n entrifuge t 10000 rpm ieplnt hs een ontine high quntity of D-pinitol, for10 min n the superntnt ws filtere through 0.2 whih hs een shown high ntiinflmmtory, um Millipore memrne. The filtrtes were ollete in ntiner, ntiieti n ntioxint tivities [16]. vil for injetion into HPLC Hewllet pkre (series 1050) However, little stuies were rrie out on ieplnt equippe with uto-smpling injetor, solvents (methnol (Mesemrynthemum rystllinum) in Egypt. n etonitril) were egsse n ultrviolet (UV) Diets, whih hve high ontent of polyphenols, n etetor ws set t 280 nm n qurter HP pump. The introue some helth vntges for the onsumers. olumn temperture ws mintine t 35 C, where Bkery prouts, espeilly ookies, onsiere to e the grient seprtion ws performe using the moile phse most eptle n vile supplementry rrier [17]. (methnol n etonitril) t flow rte of 1 ml/min Whet flour is the prinipl sustne in ookies following the metho of Goupy et l. [21]. proessing though is rih resoure of rohyrtes, however; it my suffer from the efiieny of minerls Antiner Ativity: Potentil ytotoxiity of ieplnt ontent n the iotive omponents suh ntioxints power extrt t (0,5,12.5,25 n 50 µg/ml) ws teste for meeting the inrese in nutritionl nees of the using the Nturl Re Uptke (NRU) ssy[22]. popultions [18].Therefore, the first trget of this work is to stuy the phenoli ontent, ntioxint n ntiner Cookies Preprtion: Cookies were me to ontin the tivities of ieplnt phenolis extrt, where the seon following ingreients flour(500 g), vegetle ft (250 g), one is to inorporte ieplnt power in ookies y sugr (250 g), king power (10 g) n eggs (180 g) sustituting 2, 4 n 6% of whet flour. Physil oring to A.A.C.C. [23]. Cookies ontine ifferent hrteristis n sensory evlution were lso stuie. perentges of ieplnt power i.e. 0 (ontrol), 2, 4 n 6% were prepre y sustituting whet flour with ieplnt MATERIALS AND METHODS power. Mterils: Ieplnt (Mesemrynthemum rystllinum) Totl Phenolis, Flvonois n Antioxint Ativity of hve een ollete from oth sies of the interntionl Ieplnt Power n Cookies: Cookies methnoli ostl ro ner El-Boruls ity, Kfr El-Sheikh extrts were prepre oring to Ismil et l. [24], 5 Governorte, Egypt (ltitue 32 35`N n longitue31 grm of the fine ieplnt or ookies power ws mixe 16`E) uring Mrh 2016. Drug ytotoxiity MCF7- with 100 ml of methnol (70%) for one hr t room 1(Brest) n Drug ytotoxiity H1299-1(Lung) were temperture, filtere, evporte uner vuum, Then it otine from Ntionl Institute of Onology, Ciro, ws store t 4 C until nlysis. Egypt. All hemils n solvents use in this stuy The totl phenolis ( mg glli i equivlent/100g (HPLC gre) were otine from Sigm Compny of extrt) n flvonois ontent were etermine hemils n rugs, St. Louis, MO, USA. oring to Anzi-Brhé et l. [25]. Antioxint tivity 58
Worl J. Diry & Foo Si., 13 (2): 57-62, 2018 (%) ws estimte y using 1,1-iphenyl-2-pirylhyrzyl Antiner Ativity of Methnoli Ieplnt Power solution s mentione y Alm et l. [26] Extrt: Methnoli extrt of ieplnt power ws evlute for ntiner tivity in vitro isese orient Physil Properties: Density, spre rtio n lose rte ntitumer sreening using neutrl re up tke (NRU)ssy of ookies were etermine y the metho of Inglett et l. inluing two humn tumor ell lines representing two [27].Cookies olor ws estimte using Hunter L ifferent ner types, where MCF7-1(Humn rest Colorimeter (MiniSn XE Plus, Reston, VA) oring to rinom)n H1299(Humn lung rinom)ner ell the metho outline y ili et l. [28]. lines. As shown in Tle (2) the methnoli extrt of Sensory Evlution: Sensory ssessment ws one for ieplnt power revele ifferent ytotoxi tivities mesuring the response of onsumer for overll towr the two investigte humn ner ell lines. In eptility of the 2%, 4% n 6% ieplnt power generl, ose epenent erement in the survivl of integrte ookies ompre to the ontrol. Twenty the two tumor ell lines ws oserve. However, the e pnelists evlute texture, tste, olor n overll ells were inrese y inresing the onentrtion of eptility oring to the metho esrie y methnoli extrt of ieplnt power. Bumgrtner et l. [29]. The highest MCF7-1 e ell perentge ws reore y using (50µg/ml) with (61.8%) menwhile, the Sttistil Anlysis: All t (exept phenolis ontent) lowest e ell perentge ws reore y (5.0 µg/ml) were one in triplite inepenent nlyses n nlyze with (9.8%). On the other hn, the highest H1299 using one-wy ANOVA oring to Steel et l. [30] e ell perentge ws reore y using proeure. The signifine level ws set t p 0.01. (50µg/ml) with (79.2%) menwhile, the lowest e ell RESULTS AND DISCUSSION perentge ws reore y pplying (5.0 µg/ml) with (21.4%). These results re in the sme line with those of Lee et l. [16]. Ientifition of Phenoli Ais Content of Methnoli In ition, the t in the sme Tle revele tht, Ieplnt Power Extrt: HPLC proeure ws use to methnoli extrt of ieplnt power exhiite exellent frtionte n ientifite the polyphenoli omponents ytotoxi tivity ginst MCF7-1(Humn rest extrte from the teste smple. The results were rinom) (IC 50 = 38.3 µg/ml) n H1299 (Humn lung tulte in Tle (1). The t otine revele tht, rinom) (IC 50 = 22.1 µg/ml). Generlly, MCF7-1 ells ieplnt methnoli extrt hve 23 phenoli omponents. were less sensitive thn H1299ell lines towr the Ctehin ws the highest ompoun of polyphenoli investigte smple. ompouns foun in methnoli ieplnt extrt (41.15%) Gerhäuser et l. [31] foun tht phenoli ompouns followe y pyrogllol (7.30%) then tehol (6.59%), ply n tive prt s ntitumor sustne. Oxitive where Cinnmi (0.14%) n 3,4,5 Methoxyinnmi stress oul e very importnt for using mge to (0.33%) were the lowest ones. These results re in the DNA, hene, inuing muttions tht my ontriute to sme line with others otine y Hme et l. [14]. progressive tumor growth. Moreover, Fng et l. [32] Tle 1: Phenoli ompouns in methnoli extrt of ieplnt power Compouns % of the Totl phenolis Compouns % of the Totl phenolis Glli i 4.15 Feruli 0.62 4-Amino enzoi i 0.56 Isoferuli 1.76 Protothui 3.04 Ellgi 4.21 Ctehin 41.15 Alph-Coumri 2.06 Chlorogeni 3.86 e-vnilli 3.97 Ctehol 6.59 Benzoi 6.41 Epitehin 6.02 3,4,5 Methoxyinnmi 0.33 Cffeine 0.74 Coumrin 0.45 Cffei 1.39 Slyili 1.82 Vnilli 2.13 Cinnmi 0.14 â-oumri i 0.64 P-OH-enzoi 0.66 Pyrogllol 7.30 Totl 100% 59
Worl J. Diry & Foo Si., 13 (2): 57-62, 2018 Tle 2: Antiner tivity of methnoli ieplnt power extrt De ell perentge ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Conentrtion µg/ml MCF7-1 H1299 0.0 ----- ---- 5.0 9.8 21.4 12.5 15.3 34.5 25.0 37.2 53.1 50.0 61.8 79.2 IC50 38.3µg/ml 22.1µg/ml Men followe y ifferent letters in the sme olumn iffers signifintly (P 0.05). Tle 3: Totl phenolis, flvonois n ntioxint tivity of ieplnt power n ookies Component ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Smples Totl Phenoli Contents (mg GAE/100g) Totl Flvonois (mgqueretin/100g) Antioxint tivity (%) Ieplnt power (IP) 580.70 212.59 75.86 Cookies ontrol e 99.25 128.41 e 32.06 Cookies with 2% IP 109.41 133.58 45.92 Cookies with 4% IP 118,96 135.07 56.14 Cookies with 6% IP 129.88 136.63 71.80 Men followe y ifferent letters in the sme olumn iffers signifintly (P 0.05). Tle 4: Some physil properties of ookies inorporte with ieplnt power Perentge of ieplnt power ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Properties Control 2% 4% 6% Spre ftor 8.10 7.93 7.72 6.46 Loss rte 13.41 13.20 12.90 12.73 Levening rtio 99.00 93.55 81.76 73.15 Color L* 74.55 70.32 65.13 61.54 * 4.58 4.30 3.97 3.18 * 33.76 32.88 31.09 30.77 Men followe y ifferent letters in the sme row iffers signifintly (P 0.05). reporte tht Glli i h remrkle effet on lung Cookies Physil Properties: Tle (4) shows the effet ner, it inue poptoti enzyme n reue the rte of ing plnt power when prepring ookies on some of tumor growth. of its physil properties. As ppere in Tle 4, enrihing ookies with ieplnt power use moest Totl Phenolis, Flvonois n Antioxint Ativity of erement in spre ftor n loss rte vlues of me Ieplnt Power n Cookies: Ieplnt power ppere ookies when the enrihment perentge rose from 0 up the highest perentges of totl phenols (580.70 mg to 6%. Also, the levening rtio ws highly erese GAE/100 g), flvonois (212.59 mg queretin/100g) with inresing the sustitution rtes. The erement in n orrelting DPPH ntioxint tivity (75.86%) spre ftor, loss rte n levening rtio my e ue to (Tle3). inresing moisture sorne perentge when ing Also, t in the sme Tle emonstrte tht there ieplnt power. ws signifint inrese in ookies ontents from totl All ookies me y repling of whet flour y phenol n flvonois from 99.25 to 129.88 mg/100 g n ieplnt power h higher * n lower * vlues n from 128.41to 136.63mg/100 g, respetively s liner L* vlues thn the ontrol (L* = 74.55, * = 4.58, * = funtion for inresing the ing perentge of ieplnt 33.76) ue to the rker olor of ieplnt. Aition of power. In ition, the sme tren ws foun in se of ieplnt power 2%, 4% n 6% signifintly (P < 0.05) svenging tivity of ookies enrihe with ieplnt lowere the lightness (L) ompre to the ontrol power. These results were in the sme tren otine y (Tle 4). These results were in the sme line with Ismil Seelm et l. [33]. et l. [24]. 60
Worl J. Diry & Foo Si., 13 (2): 57-62, 2018 Tle 5: Sensory evlution ookies inorporte with ifferent levels of ieplnt power Perentge of ieplnt power ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Properties Control 2% 4% 6% Tste 7.26 6.48 6.12 6.03 Color 7.64 6.87 6.66 6.53 Crispiness 7.43 7.15 6.76 6.61 Texture 7.20 6.81 6.52 6.00 Overll eptility 7.38 6.83 6.52 6.29 Men followe y ifferent letters in the sme row iffers signifintly (P 0.05). Sensory Evlution: The results presente in Tle 6 7. Kur, C. n H.C. Kpoor, 2001. Antioxints in fruits inite tht the ontrol smple ws higher in its sensory n vegetles the millennium s helth. hrteristis thn ll other investigte smples. There Interntionl Journl of Foo Siene & Tehnology, were no signifint ifferenes etween ll ookies 36(7): 703-725. smples ontining ieplnt power. In generl, ll 8. Pney, K.B. n S.I. Rizvi, 2009. Plnt polyphenols smples were sensory eptle. s ietry ntioxints in humn helth n isese. Oxitive Meiine n Cellulr Longevity, CONCLUSIONS 2(5): 270-278. 9. Brglez Mojzer, E., M. Knez Hrn i, M. Škerget, The results of this stuy emonstrte tht ieplnt. Knez n U. Bren, 2016. Polyphenols: methnoli extrt ontins 23 phenoli omponents. extrtion methos, ntioxitive tion, These ompouns helpe to improve ieplnt power iovilility n ntirinogeni effets. extrt s ntioxint n ntiner gents tht n e Moleules, 21(7): 901. use to prepre ookies without ny negtive effet on its 10. Mohmme, R., S.S. El-Hwry n A.M. Aophysil properties whih provie humn with the youssef, 2012. Biologil investigtion of some wil require nutrients n offer protetion ginst ertin Aizoee n Chenopeiee speies growing in ieses. Egypt. J. Nt. Pro., 5: 193-206. 11. Flleh, H., S. Oueslti, S. Guyot, A.B. Dli, C. Mgné, REFERENCES C. Aelly n R. Ksouri, 2011. LC/ESI-MS/MS hrteristion of proyniins n 1. Tnk, T., 2013. Role of poptosis in the propelrgoniins responsile for the strong hemoprevention of ner. Journl of Experimentl ntioxint tivity of the eile hlophyte & Clinil Meiine, 5(3): 89-91. Mesemrynthemum eule L. Foo Chemistry, 2. Siegel, R., E. Wr, O. Brwley n A. Jeml, Cner 127(4): 1732-1738. sttistis, 2011. CA: ner journl for liniins, 12. Choi, J.H., S.G. Jo, S.K. Jung, W.T. Prk, K.Y. Kim, 61(4): 212-236. Y.W. Prk n J.H. Prk, 2017. Immunomoultory 3. Jeml, A., F. Bry, M.M. Center, J. Ferly, E. Wr effets of ethnol extrt of germinte ie plnt n D. Formn, 2011. Glol ner sttistis. CA: (Mesemrynthemum rystllinum). Lortory ner Journl for Cliniins, 61(2): 69-90. Animl Reserh, 33(1): 32-39. 4. Mn, G., M.T. Nehifor n T.M. Negu, 2009. 13. Bouftir, I., C. Aelly n S. Sfr, 2009. Antioxint Retive oxygen speies, ner n nti-ner properties of Mesemrynthemum rystllinum n therpies. Current Chemil Biology, 3(1): 22-46. Crporotus eulis extrts. Asin Journl of 5. Croho, M. n I.C. Ferreir, 2013. A review on Chemistry, 21(1): 549. ntioxints, prooxints n relte ontroversy: 14. Hme, A.I., R.B. Si, B. Kontek, A.S. Al-Aye, nturl n syntheti ompouns, sreening n M. Kowlzyk, J. Moloh, A. Stohml n B. Ols, nlysis methoologies n future perspetives. 2016. LC ESI-MS/MS profile of phenoli n Foo n Chemil Toxiology, 51: 15-25. gluosinolte ompouns in smh flour 6. Hertog, M.G., P.C. Hollmn, M.B. Ktn n (Mesemrynthemum forssklei Hohst. ex Boiss) D. Kromhout, 1993. Intke of potentilly n the inhiition of oxitive stress y these ntirinogeni flvonois n their eterminnts in ompouns in humn plsm. Foo Reserh ults in The Netherlns. Interntionl, 85: 282-290. 61
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