PO-CON9E Analysis of allergens found in cosmetics using MDGC-GCMS (Multi-Dimensional Gas Chromatograph Mass Spectrometer) ASMS 0 TP7 Sanket Chiplunkar, Prashant Hase, Dheeraj Handique, Ankush Bhone, Durvesh Sawant, Ajit Datar, Jitendra Kelkar, Pratap Rasam Shimadzu Analytical (India) Pvt. Ltd., A/B Rushabh Chambers, Makwana Road, Marol, Andheri (E), Mumbai-0009, Maharashtra, India.
Introduction Cosmetics, fragrances and toiletries (Figure ) are used safely by millions of people worldwide. Although many people have no problems, irritant and allergic reactions may occur. Irritant and allergic skin reactions are the types of contact dermatitis. Essential oils present in fragrance contain some natural and synthetic compounds, which may cause allergic reactions to the end user after application. There are potential allergens listed by European Directive (EU) 00//EC and International Fragrance Association (IFRA) [] labeled on cosmetics. Shimadzu MDGC-GCMS technology facilitates the identification and quantification of these allergens to comply with the threshold limits of 00 ppm for rinse-off products. Co-eluting peaks were resolved completely with the help of MDGC-GCMS heart-cut technique. Figure. Cosmetics, fragrances and toiletries Method of Analysis Extraction of allergens from shampoo sample Shampoo samples were collected from local market. Standard solutions of allergens were procured from ACCU Standard and dilutions were carried out in Ethanol/Acetonitrile to yield 000 ppm concentration. Further dilutions were made in methanol. MDGC-GCMS technique was effectively used to minimize matrix effect. Co-eluting peaks were resolved with heart-cut technique using two columns of different polarities. In MDGC-GCMS, st instrument was GC-00 Plus equipped with FID as a detector and nd instrument was GCMS-QP00 Ultra with MS as a detector. Columns in both the instruments were connected with Deans switch. Allergens in shampoo samples were determined by using this technique. For sample preparation, following methodology was adopted. ) Blank Solution : 0 ml of methanol was transferred in 0 ml centrifuge tube and vortexed for minutes. The mixture was then centrifuged for minutes at 000 rpm. This solution was filtered through 0. µm nylon syringe filter. Initial ml was discarded and remaining filtrate was collected. ) Sample Solution : g of shampoo sample was weighed in 0 ml volumetric flask and diluted up to the mark with methanol. Above mixture was transferred in 0 ml centrifuge tube. Further processing was done as mentioned in blank solution. ) Spike Sample Solution : For recovery study, g of sample was spiked with different volumes of standard stock solution. The above procedure was repeated for preparing different concentration levels of allergens in samples. These spiked samples were treated as mentioned in sample solution. Part method validation was carried out by performing system precision, sample precision, linearity and recovery study. For validation, solutions of different concentrations were prepared using 0 ppm (actual concentration) standard stock solution mixture of allergens.
Table. Method validation parameters Parameter System Precision Sample Precision Linearity Accuracy / Recovery Concentration 0 ppm 0 % in Methanol.,, 7., 0, (ppm), 0, (ppm) MDGC-GCMS Analytical Conditions The instrument configuration used is shown in Figure. Samples were analyzed using Multi-Dimensional GC/GCMS as per the conditions given below. Figure. Multi-Dimensional GC/GCMS System by Shimadzu Figure. Schematic diagram of multi-deans switch in MDGC-GCMS
MDGC-GCMS analytical parameters Chromatographic parameters ( st GC : GC-00 Plus) Column : Stabilwax (0 m L x 0. mm I.D.; 0. μm) Injection Mode : Split Split Ratio :.0 Carrier Gas : Helium Column Flow :.7 ml/min Detector : FID APC Pressure : 00 kpa (For switching) Column Oven Temp. : Rate (ºC /min) Temperature (ºC) Hold time (min) 0.0 0.00.00 00.0 0.00.00 0.0.7 Chromatographic parameters ( nd GCMS : GCMS-QP00 Ultra) Column : Rxi-ms (0 m L x 0. mm I.D.; 0. μm) Detector : Mass spectrometer Ion Source Temp. : 00 ºC Interface Temp. : 0 ºC Ionization Mode : EI Event Time : 0.0 sec Mode : SIM and SCAN Column Oven Temp. : Rate (ºC /min) Temperature (ºC) Hold time (min) 80.0 0 0 80.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.7 Total Program Time : 7.00 min Results Sample analysis using MDGC-GCMS MDGC-GCMS technique was used to avoid matrix interference from sample. Using multi-deans switch and heart-cut technique (Figure ), co-eluted components from the st column were transferred to the nd column with different polarity.
uv (x00,000). 0.9 0.8 0.7 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. 0. Sample - Limonene Linalool Methyl heptine carbonate Sample - Sample - Citral -.0....0. 0. uv (x0,000).0.0 7.0 min Citral - Citronellol Methyl heptine carbonate Sample - Sample - Citral - Geraniol Benzyl Alcohol Citral - Hydroxy-citronellal Citronellol Cinnamal Geraniol Benzyl Alcohol Eugenol Amyl cinnamal Cinnamyl alcohol Anisyl alcohol Fernesol - Fernesol - Isoeugenol Fernesol - 0.0 9. 9.0 8. 8.0 7. 7.0..0..0....0. uv (x0,000) Coumarin Amylcin namyl alcohol Amyl cinnamal Anisyl alcohol Cinnamyl alcohol.0..0. 7.0 7. 8.0 8. min Sample - Benzyl benzoate Fernesol - Isoeugenol Sample - Fernesol - Fernesol - Benzyl salicylate Benzyl Cinnamate.0 7. 0.0..0 7. 0.0..0 7. 0.0..0 7. 0.0..0 7. min Figure. of spiked sample solution before switching.0. 0.7.0..00.7.0. 0 0.7 0.0 0. uv (x0,000) Target compound - Isoeugenol..9. 7.0 7. 8.0 min 8.0 Figure. with st column (FID) (x00,000) 0 (00.00) 9.00 (00.00).0 00 (00.00) 8.00 (00.00) 09.00 (00.00).0 7.00 (00.00) 9.00 (00.00).00 (00.00) 0 (00.00).0 0.0 Target compound - Isoeugenol - 7.0 7. 8.0 8. 9.0 9. Figure. SIM chromatogram with nd column (MS) Summary of results Table. Summary of results for precision on GC and GCMS Type of sample Sample name Concentration Result Standard Allergens mixture 0 ppm % RSD for area (n=) <.0 Cosmetic Shampoo Unknown % RSD for area (n=) <.0
Table. Linearity by GC Name of allergen Linalool Methyl heptine carbonate Linearity (R ) 0.99 0.999 7.0.0 Area (x0,000) Citronellol 0.99.0 7 Geraniol Hydroxy citronellal Cinnamal Amyl Cinnamal 0.99 0.997 0.999 0.997.0 8 Coumarin 0.997 9 0 Amylcin namyl alcohol Benzyl benzoate 0.998 0.9979 0.0 0.0..0 7. 0.0. Conc. Figure 7. Linearity graph for linalool Table. Linearity by GCMS Name of allergen Limonene Linearity (R ) 0.99.7 Area(x0,000) Benzyl alcohol 0.987.0 Citral - Citral - 0.9889 0.990. 7 Eugenol Anisyl alcohol Cinnamyl alcohol 0.989 0.99 0.997 0 0.7 8 9 0 Isoeugenol Farnesol - Farnesol - 0.990 0.999 0.999 0.0 0. Benzyl salicylate Benzyl cinnamate 0.99 0.98 0.997 0.00 0.0..0 7. 0.0. Conc. Figure 8. Linearity graph for benzyl cinnamate Quantitation of allergens in shampoo sample For the quantitation studies, the shampoo sample was spiked with allergens standard to achieve, 0 and ppm concentrations. Recovery studies were performed on allergens, having co-elution or matrix interference, using heart-cut technique. The quantitation of these allergens was carried out using nd detector (MS) in SIM mode. In below recovery study, some allergens had recovery value out side the acceptance limit (70-0 %). Optimization can be done by means of change in sample clean up procedure and filtration study.
7 8 9 0 Table. Quantitation of allergens Recovery Study Name of allergen Limonene Benzyl alcohol Citral - Citral - Eugenol Anisyl alcohol Cinnamyl alcohol Isoeugenol Farnesol - Farnesol - Benzyl salicylate Benzyl cinnamate Level - ppm 7 0 97 9 9 98 0 8 8 % Recovery Level - 0 ppm 0 0 0 0 0 08 9 9 7 Level - ppm 9 8 07 0 0 (x,000) m/z : 9.00 0.7.0..00.7.0. 0 0.7 0.0 0. Farnesol- Farnesol- Spiked Unspiked.0 7. 0.0. Figure 9. Overlay SIM chromatogram of unspiked and spiked sample min Conclusion MDGC-GCMS method was developed for quantitation of allergens present in cosmetics. Part method validation was performed as per ICH guidelines. [] Results obtained for reproducibility, linearity and recovery studies were well within acceptable limits. Simultaneous SCAN/SIM and high-speed scan rate 0,000 u/sec are the characteristic features of GCMS-QP00 Ultra, which enables quantitation of allergens at very low concentration level. Matrix effect from cosmetics was selectively eliminated using MDGC-GCMS with multi-deans switching unit and heart-cut technique. MDGC-GCMS was found to be very useful technique for simultaneous identification and quantitation of components from complex matrix. Reference [] IFRA guidelines (International Fragrance Association), GC/MS Quantification of potential fragrance allergens, Version, (00),. [] ICH guidelines, Validation of Analytical Procedures: Text And Methodology Q(R), Version, (00). First Edition: June, 0 www.shimadzu.com/an/ For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. The content of this publication shall not be reproduced, altered or sold for any commercial purpose without the written approval of Shimadzu. The information contained herein is provided to you "as is" without warranty of any kind including without limitation warranties as to its accuracy or completeness. Shimadzu does not assume any responsibility or liability for any damage, whether direct or indirect, relating to the use of this publication. This publication is based upon the information available to Shimadzu on or before the date of publication, and subject to change without notice. Shimadzu Corporation, 0