September 7, 0
- Summary - Itroductio to Atomic Theory Bohr s Atomic Model Quatum Mechaical Model 3- Some Defiitio 3- Projects Temperature Pressure Website Subject Areas
Plasma is a Mixture of electros, ios, eutrals ad Photos
(Structures ad Properties) Electros: mass=9. x 0-3 Kg, Charge=.60 x 0-9 C ad F=e(Ev x B) Loretz Force Photos: E=h, c= ad p=h/ h=6.66 x 0-34 Js c=3x0 8 m/s Neutrals: Atoms & molecules have iteral structure Therefore, they have kietic iteral eergies Ios: Almost the same mass as eutrals Positive (H & Cl ) ad egative ios (O - & SF 6- ) Pages 5-9
Omega Cetauri from Hubble Telescope
Couplig Breakdow Maiteace Power Supply: Power (currets & Voltages) Impedace Frequecy Materials: Solid Liquid Gas Plasmas: Cocetratios Velocity distributios (or temperatures? ) Beams: Laser Electros ios Plasma Cotaier: Geometry Pressure cotamiatios Properties Thermodyamic: ethalpy, etropy, iteral eergy, free eergy, Trasport: viscosity, electrical ad thermal coductivity, mobility,
Uderstadig of plasma ad plasma-surface iteractio is essetial i workig with ad improvig plasma processig applicatios. - Species cocetratios - Velocity distributios of species (or temperatures? ) Species structure ad properties Iteractios amog species Species respose to exteral fields (electric ad magetic) Boudary layer Surface Variatios of species cocetratios ad velocity distributios i the boudary layer betwee plasma ad surfaces
The order of our studies: - Species structure ad properties - Iteractios amog species 3- Species reactios to exteral fields (electric ad magetic) 4- Species temperatures (or velocity distributios) 5- Species cocetratios 6- Plasma-Surface Iteractio 7- Plasma Characteristics 8- Plasma Discharges 9- Plasma Applicatios
E 3 kt mv T f (v)
E-Example : How fast is a Electro ad a Hydroge atom at room temperature? Electros: m e = 9. x 0-3 Kg k =.38 x 0-3 J/K (Boltzma s Costat) T = 93K 3 kt mv v 3kT m 5 v. 0 m/ s Hydroge: m H =.66 x 0-7 Kg k =.38 x 0-3 J/K (Boltzma s Costat) T = 93K 3kT v rms m v rms 703 m/ s
A helium o-thermal plasma used i biomedical applicatios, the gas temperatures are close to room temperatures. However, the electros have average eergies aroud 3 ev. Fid the average velocity of electros, He ad He. m He =6.65x0-7 Kg ; v 0. 93v rms
E 3 kt mv v rms, He E m He He 3kT m He He 3.380 6.650 3 7 93 3 vrms, He.350 m/ s v He 0.93v rms, He.40 3 v vrms He m/ rms, He, s v 9 Ee 3.600 6 rms, e.030 3 me 9.0 m / s 5 v e 9.470 m/ s
m m H H e V I the vacuum tube show i the figure below, determie the locatio, velocity ad eergy of e, H ad H at the time whe the electro arrives at oe of the electrodes. All three particles are iitially at rest. t md qv t m d V q t m qe t m F at x m F a ma F F qe d V E d E V
Determie the locatio, velocity ad eergy of e, H ad H at the time whe the electro arrives at oe of the electrodes. All three particles are iitially at rest. m x at qv md t e H H V m x e 9.60 6 t 3.40 3 e te 9.0 x H 9.60.660 7 6 4 3.40 5.570 x H 0
Structure of a Atom (87-937) (885-96) (887-96) ( 6: Mi) ( 5.48 Mi)
(Schroediger Equatio) Rydberg costat E 3.599 ev
Schrödiger & Bohr Atomic Models Structure of Hydroge Atoms
Calculate the five lowest eergy states icludig the groud state of hydroge atoms i ev. Calculate the ioizatio potetial of hydroge atoms i ev. Fid the eergy states of hydroge atoms that ca absorb photos with wavelegths i the visible rage (400-700 m).
Calculate the five lowest eergy states icludig the groud state of hydroge atoms i ev. E 3.599 ev 3 4 5 E E E E E 3 4 5 0 [ ev 0...7 3. ]
Calculate the ioizatio potetial of hydroge atoms i ev. E 3.599 ev E ioizatio 3.599 [ ev ] Fid the eergy states of hydroge atoms that ca absorb photos with wavelegths i the visible rage (400-700 m). E hv hc 6.660 9 0 34 30 [ m] 8.98780 6 40 [ J] [ ev ] 400m 700m 3 [ ev ].8 [ ev ] upper 3,4,5,... 3 4 5 E E E E E 3 4 5 0 [ ev ] 0...7 3.
Hydroge Molecule Rotatio Trasitio H Vibratio H H
Number of particles per m -3 k=.38x0-3 J/K Boltzma Costat Pressure p k T Temperature [Pascal=N/m ; atm=760 Torr =035 Pa] p e kt e io kt io a kt a Electro Partial Pressure ios Partial Pressure Neutral species Partial Pressure
4 v 4 e v e 4 io v io 4 a v a
How may electros, He ad He are impacted o the surface per uit area ad per secod. Number desity of He ad electros are approximately 0 7 ad 0 3 [m -3 ], respectively.
Number of collisios o the substrate Per uit area ad per uit time, c. 4 v 4 7 3 0 c, He 0.40 3.0 4 3 3 6 c 0.40 3.0, He 4 3 5 9 c, e 0 9.470.40