Effective Management of Hard-to- Control Weeds in Zoysiagrass Lawns Apr 25, 2007 Winter Roundup spot application on Crown zoysia L. S. Warren (02-18-14) North Carolina State University
Introduction Many post herbicide programs in turf, whether for annual or perennial weeds, suggest or recommend sequential applications (2014 Pest Control for Professional Turfgrass Managers). Sequentials help to increase and extend levels of control [Virginia buttonweed (Reed et al. 2013), purple nutsedge (Gannon et al. 2012), southern crabgrass (Brecke et al. 2008) and dallisgrass Henry et al. 2007)].
Weeds for Discussion Florida betony Bahiagrass Winter weed Summer weeds Virginia buttonweed, smooth crabgrass, dallisgrass Bermudagrass
Florida betony
Florida Betony Herbicides On labels but I have not tested Celsius 68WG: Bayer CropScience Thiencarbazone + iodosulfuron + dicamba Lockup formulations: Dow AgroSciences Penoxsulam Product I have tested AAtrex 4L: Syngenta Crop Protection atrazine
% Control Postemergence Winter Weed Control Using an Experimental and AAtrex 4L 100 80 2 22 0 lsd p=.05 Experimental 3 fl oz/a 60 40 AAtrex 4L 1 qt/a 20 0 STAFL Apr 21 HYDIS Apr 21 DIORE Jan 5 2009-10: Wrightsville Beach State Park Check Applied Oct 22
Nontreated Nov 17, 2009
AAtrex 4L 1 qt/a Nov 17, 2009 (4 WAT)
Discussion Florida Betony Florida betony recommendation for atrazine 1 qt/a in October 1 qt/a in March Don t expect 100% control but should be pretty good
Bahiagrass
Bahiagrass Control Manor, Blade, MSM (metsulfuron): 0.5 oz/acre Add 0.25% surfactant Reapply in 4 to 6 wks usually (after regrowth occurs) Apply after spring greenup but before seedhead formation Raleigh: June 15-20 seedheads Bermuda, St. Augustine, zoysia ( Meyer and Emerald ), fine fescue, Kentucky bluegrass tolerant
Metsulfuron Combinations Applied May 11, 2009 Photo Jun 8, 2009
Metsulfuron 09-28-07
Oct 13, 2011
Other Bahiagrass Control Options MSMA (limited to golf courses and sod farms) imazapic (Plateau Eco-Pak) 1.43 to 2.86 oz/a Centipedegrass (not home lawns) Controls crabgrass, nutsedge & kyllinga sp. sethoxydim (Segment) 2.25 pt/a Centipedegrass and fine fescue (home lawns) 2 applications 3 weeks apart for suppression 2005 Trial: 75-85% control with Drive (May appl)
Discussion - Bahiagrass Use metsulfuron if you re able for most consistent control. Many broadleaf weeds will be controlled as well.
Virginia Buttonweed 2,4-D + clopyralid + dicamba (Millennium Ultra) 2 to 3 pt/acre 2 applications 4 weeks apart Not centipede or St. Augustine Clopyralid not for home use Other Control Options Triclopyr + clopyralid (Confront) 2 pt/acre Repeat application needed; Not fine fescue, bahia, St. Augustine Fluroxypyr-containing products (Escalade formulations) 3 pt/acre warm & cool season
Tribute Total 60.51WG Thiencarbazone + foramsulfuron + halosulfuron 2012 registration - Bayer CropScience Bermuda and zoysia ( Emerald, Meyer, Zeon ) Maximum 3.2 oz/a per app. or 6.4 oz/a per year Post control of many annual and perennial grass, broadleaf and sedge-type weeds
% Control Post Virginia Buttonweed Control in Common Bermudagrass 100 a b c a b b a a a a a b Blindside+Induce 0.25% 5 fb 5 oz/a 80 60 40 20 0 1 WAIT 2 WAIT 4 WAIT 6 WAIT 8 WAIT 10 WAIT Tribute Total + MSO + AMS 3.2 oz/a + 0.5% + 1.5 lb/a (2X) Celsius + Induce 0.25% 3.7 fb 3.7 oz/a Check Thorndale Country Club: 2013 Applied Jul 25 and Aug 21
% Injury Common Bermudagrass Tolerance 100 80 60 Blindside+Induce 0.25% 5 fb 5 oz/a Tribute Total + MSO + AMS 3.2 oz/a + 0.5% + 1.5 lb/a (2X) 40 b a a c Celsius + Induce 0.25% 3.7 fb 3.7 oz/a 20 chlorosis Check 0 necrosis 1 WAIT 2 WAIT Thorndale Country Club: 2013 Applied Jul 25 and Aug 21
Blindside Aug 15 (3 WAIT) Nontreated Aug 15
Celsius + NIS Aug 15 (3 WAIT) Tribute Total Aug 15 (3 WAIT)
Discussion Virginia Buttonweed Resprouting evident 4 to 5 wk after last application (commonly seen with perennial weed programs) Tribute Total and Blindside (sulfentrazone + metsulfuron) provided good control in 2013 trials Fluroxypyr: Escalade 2 provides good control Clopyralid : Millennium Ultra and Confront good also
Smooth crabgrass
% Control Post Smooth Crabgrass Control in Bermuda Using Tribute Total and Drive XLR8 100 80 * TT + MSO + AMS 3.2 oz/a + 0.5% + 1.5 lb/a 60 40 Drive XLR8 + MSO 2 qt/a + 1.5 pt/a 20 Check 0 31-May 28-Jun 20-Jul 2-Aug 7-Sep Thorndale Country Club: 2013 Applied May 4 and May 31
Nontreated May 25
Tribute Total May 25 (3 WAIT)
Discussion Smooth Crabgrass Smooth crabgrass size and density at trial initiation 2 to 4 leaves up to 2 tillers (Tribute Total label) 5 to 10 plants per ft2 (20% plot coverage) Maximum nontreated plot coverage of 70% occurred Jul 20 (larger crabgrass more tillers)
Bull (thin) paspalum
% Control Post Bull Paspalum Control in Common Bermudagrass 100 80 a b c a a c a a c ab b c a a b Tribute Total 3.2 oz/a + 0.25% NIS 60 40 Celsius 68WG 3.7 oz/a + 0.25% NIS 20 0 19-Jun 18-Jul 15-Aug 18-Sep 15-Oct Thorndale Country Club: 2013 Check Applied May 22 and Jun 19
Nontreated Celsius Jul 31 6 wk after last app. Tribute Total
Nontreated Celsius Tribute Total Aug 27 10 wk after last app.
Discussion Bull Paspalum Bull paspalum plot coverage 15-20% through May; 40% through summer Resprouting evident 4 to 5 wk after last application (commonly seen with perennial weed programs)
Dallisgrass
Dallisgrass Continue to struggle for season-long effective program since use reduction of MSMA in turf stands mandated by EPA Sequential Programs 2005 Certainty + msma + NIS 2006 Msma fb Revolver fb msma 2010 Celsius + Revolver + NIS 2012 Tribute Total + MSO + AMS Early to late (spring, summer or fall) timings
Aug 31, 2010 (2 WA 2 nd TRT) Celsius + Revolver + NIS 4.9 oz/a + 2 fl oz/m + 0.25%
% Control Dallisgrass Control in Common Bermuda Using Sulfentrazone Combinations 100 80 60 40 20 0 9 7 0 4 9 lsd p=.05 Injury Aug 9 Injury Aug 17 31-Aug 14-Sep 4-Oct 2010: The River Golf Club Sulfentrazone 4F 0.75 pt/a Nicosulfuron + Induce 3.3 oz/a + 0.25% Sulf + Nico + Induce 0.5 pt+ 3.3 oz + 0.25% Sulf + Nico + Induce 0.75 pt+3.3 oz+0.25% Dismiss South 4SC 0.826 pt/a Sulf + Imazapic + Ind. 0.5 pt + 2 oz + 0.25% Quick. + Cert. + Induce 1 oz + 0.75 oz + 0.25% Celsius + Revol. + Ind. 4.9 oz+2 oz/m + 0.25% Check Celsius + Revolver treatment applied Aug 1 and Aug 17
% Coverage Dallisgrass Control in Common Bermuda 100 80 Using Tribute Total Programs b a b a (a) a (ab) (a) (a) 3.2 oz/a + 0.5% MSO + 3 lb/a 40 gpa 60 40 20 8.77 oz/a + 0.5% MSO + 1.5 lb/a AMS 120 gpa (spot treat) 3.2 oz/a + 0.5% MSO 120 gpa 0 15-Oct 5-Nov 22-Apr 14-May 8-Jul 17-Oct Lake Wheeler Turf Field Lab: 2012-13 Check Applied Sep 10 and Oct 16, 2012 May 14, 2013
Nontreated Aug 19, 2013
TT + MSO (3.2 oz/a) TT + MSO + AMS 40 gpa 120 gpa TT + MSO + AMS (8.77 oz/a) 120 gpa Aug 19, 2013
Discussion - Dallisgrass Dallisgrass plot coverage 20% Treatments applied Sep and Oct, 2012 Apr 8-15, 2013: dallisgrass new growth 2 to 3 in nontreated plots (not present in treated plots) May 7-14, 2013: dallisgrass 1 to 3 new growth in treated plots at application Resprouting did not occur in 2013.
El Toro zoysiagrass Tifway 419 bermudagrass
Recommendations Acclaim Extra 0.57EC + Turflon Ultra Ester 4EC 1.25 pt/a + 1 pt/a: apply Jun, Jul, Aug, Sep for 2 yr 1.25 pt/a + 2 pt/a: apply Jun, Aug for 2 yr Fusilade II 2EC + Turflon Ultra Ester 4EC + NIS 4 fl oz/a + 1 or 2 pt/a + 0.25%: apply Jun, Aug for 2 yr Zoysia injury should recover with 14 DA each trt
% Control Removal of Tifway Bermudagrass from El Toro Zoysiagrass (2 nd Year) 100 80 60 40 20 0 ac a ab ab f 2-Oct 2007: Sandhills Research Station Fusilade II + Turflon Ester + NIS 4 oz + 1 qt + 0.25% Acclaim Extra + Turflon Ester 1.25 pt + 1 qt Fusilade II + Turflon Ester + NIS 4 oz + 1 pt + 0.25% Acclaim Extra + Turflon Ester 1.25 pt + 1 pt Check Application Dates: Jun 8, Jul 10, Aug 7, Sep 6
% Control Removal of Tifway Bermudagrass from El Toro Zoysiagrass (2 nd Year) 100 80 60 40 20 0 be be de ce f 2-Oct 2007: Sandhills Research Station Fusilade II + Turflon Ester + NIS 4 oz + 1 qt + 0.25% Acclaim Extra + Turflon Ester 1.25 pt + 1 qt Fusilade II + Turflon Ester + NIS 4 oz + 1 pt + 0.25% Acclaim Extra + Turflon Ester 1.25 pt + 1 pt Check Application Dates: Jun 8 and Aug 7
Discussion Bermudagrass Removal Bermudagrass not going to be eradicated in 2 years Proper turf management (fertility, mowing, watering, etc ) critical: establish and maintain a dense turf canopy that will in itself help to shade out and reduce bermudagrass and other weed infestations