Annual Meeting Luncheon MCEER s s Post-Hurricane Katrina Reconnaissance Investigations Featured Speakers Gilberto Mosqueda, University at Buffalo Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin-Green Bay Ryan Shannon, Tulane University
Hurricane Katrina Made landfall on August 29, 2005 at 7:10 AM near Louisiana-Mississippi border Category 3 hurricane with sustained winds of 125 MPH, storm surges up to 28 ft., and strong winds up to 100 miles away from it center Most destructive and costly disaster in US history Multihazard event: wind, storm surge, and flooding Background photo credit: NOAA
Hurricane Katrina Saffir-Simpson Hurricane Intensity Scale (ASCE 2005) Category 1 2 3 4 5 Wind speed (mph) 74-95 96-110 111-130 131-155 >155 Barometric Pressure (in) 28.94-29.53 28.5-28.91 27.97-28.47 27.17-27.88 <27.17 Storm surge (ft) 4-5 6-8 9-12 13-18 >18 Level of damage minimal moderate extensive extreme catastrophic Background photo credit: NOAA
Katrina s s Path and Wind Speed (Wind speed below design level) New Orleans ~100 MPH Mobile, AL ~80 MPH Max ~125 MPH Figure credit: NOAA
Storm surge along Gulf Coast US90 to I-10EB I Ramp Bridge Baldwin County, Alabama (Just East of Mobile) Ramp Bridge US-90 to I-10 EB Baldwin County, AL just East of Mobile, AL
New Orleans flooding Major levee breaches in 3 canals 80 sq mi, 250,000 acre-feet of water Photo Credit: USGS/EROS
MCEER Reconnaissance Objectives Assess damage to built environment and emergency response and recovery from a multi-hazard perspective Examine lessons learned and their application to disaster mitigation for other extreme events (earthquakes, terrorist attack) Extent of damage required multidisciplinary investigations; teams with various expertise were deployed
Multidisciplinary Investigations Remote Sensing Shubharoop Ghosh, ImageCat, Inc. Carol Hill, Louisiana State University Arn Womble, Texas Tech University Damage to Buildings, Bridges, and Lifelines Paul McAnany, Practicing Engineer Gilberto Mosqueda, University at Buffalo Jerome S. O Connor, MCEER Keith A. Porter, California Institute of Technology Planning, Response and Recovery of Critical Facilities Lucy Arendt, University of Wisconsin Daniel Hess, University at Buffalo Environmental and Public Health Issues James Jensen, University at Buffalo Pavani Ram, University at Buffalo
Areas of Investigation 100 miles Katrina s Path
MCEER Reconnaissance of Mississippi and Alabama Teams deployed Sept. 6-11 to Mississippi and Alabama Remote sensing Structural investigations Teams deployed Oct. 3-9, Oct. 17-22 to New Orleans Remote sensing Structural damage investigations Response of hospitals, transportation systems and other critical facilities Environmental and public health issues
Rapid Dissemination - Web Reports Posted from Field
Technical reports available
Remote Sensing Use remote sensing technologies and the VIEWS TM reconnaissance system in post Katrina urban damage assessment Wind, storm surge, flooding and levee breach Use in-field observations to correlate and validate nature and extent of damage detected from Satellite images
Overview of Post-Katrina Remote Sensing Data Photo Credit: NOAA
Overview of Post-Katrina Remote Sensing Data Photo Credit: NOAA
1. Storm Surge Effects Photo Credit: NOAA Surge line Extreme damage
2. Flood Inundation Damage Rapid airborne mapping using VIEWS TM Flood status August 30 th Extreme Moderate Low or none Satellite image-based Flood line delineation Flood status Sept 3rd 2005 Boundary of Extreme flooding
3. Inundation damage adjacent to levee breach Photo Credit: NOAA 17 th street canal levee breach No flooding Flooding
4. Wind Damage Effects Windspeed Estimate: 105-120 mph (sustained at 10m) BEFORE Aerial image courtesy: NOAA AFTER
VIEWS TM and Google Earth VIEWS/ GOOGLE EARTH
Structural Damage Investigations Examine damage to large engineered structures, primarily bridges and commercial buildings Assess structural damage from a multihazard perspective; similarities to other hazards Identify potential applications of seismic design principles to mitigate hurricane damage
US 90 Eastbound Pass Christian to Bay St. Louis, Mississippi
Bridges Biloxi Bay CSX Railroad Pedestrian Bridge US-90 N
Bridges
Railroad bridge over Biloxi Bay
U.S. Gulf Coast Major Bridge Damage
Collapse of Parking Structures Due to Storm Surge
Some parking structures performed well
Partial collapse of parking structures in Biloxi Partial collapse storm surge Partial collapse impact No structural damage Internet Map Server Art Lembo, Cornell
Buildings in Downtown Gulfport Few collapsed unreinforced masonry structures Most engineered buildings suffered only nonstructural damage Rain and wind penetrated building interior through broken windows
Gulfport Coastal Hotels Significant nonstructural damage to building exterior and interior
Partial Collapse of Building Due to Barge Impact Impact
Glazing damage to downtown New Orleans office buildings
Preliminary Lessons Learned: Structural Damage Structural damage caused by storm surge and surge-borne debris (casino barges) Storm surge damaged mainly precast concrete structures: bridges and parking structures Significant nonstructural glazing damage occurred to structures that were downwind of gravel roofs due to wind and wind-borne debris Additional damage in building interior Backup systems located in basement were damaged by flooding
Multihazard aspects: Structural damage Similar losses occur in earthquakes & hurricanes importance of nonstructural elements Precast bridges and parking structures had similar failure in past earthquakes Photo Credit: Los Angeles Times Seismic resistant details have been developed for precast construction and may be useful for storm surge resistant design
Multihazard aspects: Overall Combined disasters Hurricane Katrina followed by flooding destroyed New Orleans In 1906 San Francisco Earthquake ground shaking followed by fires destroyed San Francisco Need to consider multiple hazards in enhancing resilience of communities
Hospitals in New Orleans
Why study hospitals? People expect hospitals to withstand all natural disasters, including floods, hurricanes, blizzards, and earthquakes. People expect hospitals to respond when their community faces nuclear, industrial, transportation, or other manmade disasters (e.g., terrorism). Hospitals merit special attention thanks to their complexity and occupancy characteristics, and because of their role during disasters.
Disaster Preparedness & Response Hospitals prepared and performed well during the Hurricane, but were shocked by the widespread flooding that followed.
The View from Methodist Hospital
Inside Methodist Hospital
Disaster Preparedness & Response Location, location, location
The Aftermath After days without communication and outside support, food, medication, power and potable water ran out hospitals turned from emergency responders to victims.
Paradigm Shift
The Aftermath Hospitals evacuated after their ability to deliver quality healthcare became compromised.
Evacuating Methodist Hospital
Evacuating Memorial Hospital
The Aftermath Chalmette Medical Center (St. Bernard Parish) Lindy Boggs Medical Center (Mercy) Charity/University Hospital Memorial Medical Center (Baptist) Methodist Hospital Tulane University Hospital reopened 2/14/06 VA Hospital
Chalmette Medical Center
Lindy Boggs
Charity Hospital
Memorial Medical Center
Tulane University Hospital
VA Hospital
The Aftermath Children s Hospital Touro Infirmary Tulane-Lakeside East Jefferson General Hospital Ochsner Clinic Foundation West Jefferson Medical Center Meadowcrest Hospital
Touro Infirmary
Preliminary Lessons Learned: Hospitals Constructing Resilient Building Systems: Hospitals should have their own power and water supplies independent of municipal utilities. Expecting To Be Self-Sufficient: Hospitals should expect to be on their own in the event of an emergency. Networking: Hospital staff members should build strong networks with local, regional, state, and national sources of assistance (both governmental and private).
Preliminary Lessons Learned: Hospitals Staffing: Hospitals should continue to hire the best staff members and be certain that those staff members are on site when needed. Communicating Emergency Plans: Hospitals should plan for the worst and be certain that all staff members know their role in an emergency. Leading Effectively: Having planned for the worst, hospital executives should be poised to lead.
Hospital Recovery Negative Media Attention Re-Establishing a Healthcare System Hospital Staffing
New Orleans Today
Acknowledgements National Science Foundation ImageCat, Inc. Michel Bruneau, Andre Filiatrault, Jane Stoyle, David Parisi, Michelle Zuppa, MCEER Headquarters
Thank you! More information available at http://mceer.buffalo.edu