Master School of Province de Liege -Industrial Engineer Department Nano-P.C.M. Course: Buildings and HVAC Systems 2 nd Master Academic year: 2013-2014 Teacher: MASY Gabrielle Authors: BAELE Ariel DESSART Kevin LEONARDY Daniel SAMPONT Jean-Pierre
Table of contents What are Nano PCM? How does it work? Current applications Project «BRICKER» Advantages-Disadvantages
What are Nano PCM? New AdvaNced insulation Phase Change Materials It s a substance capable of storing and releasing energy ; heat is absorbed or released when the material changes of phase.
How does it work? Mains states of the matter and the phase transitions. Solid Liquid Boiling Liquefaction Gas The beginning a phase transition is function of some external conditions as : Temperature, Volume, Pressure.
How does it work? Evolution : From left to right : heat absorbed From right to left : heat released
How does it work? From A to B : The increasement of the temperature is proportional to the heat provided, No phase change, Heat required : Δ Q = m.c. ΔT m = mass kg J c = specific heat capacity kg.k ΔT = change in temperature K Sensible heat
How does it work? From B to C : Although the heat is still being provided, the temperature doesn t change, Phase change, Heat required : ΔQ = m.l B, C B, C m = masse kg L B, C = J specific latent heat kg Latent heat
How does it work? Same situation from C to D and from E to F than from A to B Same situation from D to E than from B to C
How does it work? Example Situation : We immerse 2 ice cubes, in a glass of water ρ ice Characteristics of ice 6 3 V ice = 6, 75. 10 m 3 m ice 6, 1425. 10 kg o ( ) T i, ice = 263, 15K 10 C C ice = 2, 06kJ/ kg.k L ice = 910 kg m = = 333kJ/ kg 3 ρ Characteristics of water water = 1000 kg m 5 3 V water = 25. 10 m = m water 025, kg o ( ) T i, water = 29115, K 18 C C water = 418, kj/ kg.k 3 From -10 C to 0 C : Sensible heat absorbed by the ice : Δ 3 3 Q = m.c. ΔT = 6142510,.. 2, 0610. = 126, 5410. kj = 126, 54J 126, 54. 10 Δ = = 025418,., 3 T water 0121, K
How does it work? Example Situation : We immerse 2 ice cubes, in a glass of water ρ ice 6 3 V ice = 6, 75. 10 m 3 m ice 6, 1425. 10 kg o ( ) T i, ice = 263, 15K 10 C C ice = 2, 06kJ/ kg.k L ice Characteristics of ice = 910 kg m = = 333kJ/ kg 3 ρ Characteristics of water water = 1000 kg m 5 3 V water = 25. 10 m = m water 025, kg o ( ) T i, water = 29115, K 18 C C water = 418, kj/ kg.k 3 Δ At 0 C : Latent heat absorbed by the ice : 3 3 Q = m.l = 6142510,.. 333= 2045, 4510. kj = 2045, 45J 2045, 45. 10 Δ = = 025418,., 3 T water 196, K Conclusion : Δ Δ Q sensible = 126, 54 J Q latent = 2045, 45 J Δ Δ Q Q latent sensible ; 16
First idea : water (H2O) How does it work?
! Freezing/Meelting T : f(materials) How does it work?! Common building materials : Paraffin, n-heptadecane (C17H36), encapsulated in plaster. Meelting T : 20-22 C
How does it work? Laboratory results : T increasing between 23 C and 28 C, the material stores 175W.h/ m². This energy is divided : 140W.h/m² : latent heat 80% 35W.h/m² : sensible heat 20% For maximum benefit from PCM, its T should rise above its melting point and fall below its freezing point on a daily basis
How does it work? Temperature variation: 5K Material Concrete Wood Gypsum Heat capacity [ kj/kg.k ] 0.88 sensible heat 1.7 sensible heat 1.1 sensible heat Stored energy [ kj/kg ] Multiplikator 4.4 1/11.6 8.5 1/6 5.5 1/9.3 PCM 20.16 latent heat + 5.04 sensible heat 25.2 1 5 to 14 higher heat capacity activate the ability to store the heat
How does it work? Heat capacity : is the measurable physical quantity of heat energy required to change the temperature [kj/kg] Total heat stored for 5mm thickness, with the temperature between 18 C and 24 C.
How does it work? PCM products reduce cooling loads by absorbing daytime heat (cooling) and recycling it to nighttime (heating). The comfort is assured by limited temperature fluctuations.
Current applications! Coating (+/- 30% PCM),! Capsule of PCM! 5mm PCM between two alluminium plates! PU foam + 10% embedded PCM! Plasterboard (encapsuled 40-> 50%)
Current applications The place of the PCM Wall application : Roof application :
Project «BRICKER» Insulation used in the project is foam made of : Liquid Polyole, Liquid additif (confidential), Nano PCM (10%). The foam will be available as a panel or as a sprayable form.
Project «BRICKER» 4 possibilities : Indoor pannels, Outdoor pannels, Indoor sprayed form, Outdoor sprayed form. Sprayed form needs a clean and dry surface, after application the rooms can t be occuped during 1 day. The pannel form seems to be the best solution
Advantages / Disadvantages Advantages : Thin, Cheap, Molecule abundant and not toxic, Reduce HVAC demand, T fluctuations and runtime equipements Heat capacity, 5 to 14 times higher than usuals materials.
Advantages / Disadvantages Disadvantages : Limited lifetime (+/- 10.000 cycles), Experimental age of technology, All the problems of interior insulation : Reduce interior volume, Not suitable in the situation of intermittent occupation, Risk of thermal bridge
Thanks for your attention!